摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Entsalzung von Wasser mittels Elektrodialyse unter Verwendung von semipermeablen Membranen zwischen zumindest zwei Randelektroden zum Aufbau eines elektrischen Felds, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass i) als Membranen elektrisch leitfähige, nicht-ionenselektive, für Wasser und Ionen durchlässige Membranen eingesetzt werden, die zum Potenzialausgleich paarweise elektrisch verbunden sind, um einen potenzialfreien Raum zwischen den beiden Membranen eines Paars zu erzeugen; und ii) an den Randelektroden eine zur Vermeidung der Bildung von Elektrolysegasen unterhalb der Elektrolysespannung gehaltene Spannung angelegt wird; wodurch die Lösung im Raum zwischen den beiden Membranen eines Paars mit Salz angereichert und jene außerhalb der Membranpaare an Salz abgereichert wird.
摘要:
Disclosed are microfluidic devices and systems for the desalination of water. The devices and systems can include an electrode configured to generate an electric field gradient in proximity to an intersection formed by the divergence of two microfluidic channels from an inlet channel. Under an applied bias and in the presence of a pressure driven flow of saltwater, the electric field gradient can preferentially direct ions in saltwater into one of the diverging microfluidic channels, while desalted water flows into second diverging channel. Also provided are methods of using the devices and systems described herein to decrease the salinity of water.
摘要:
An electrochemical reactor for removing mining constituents from a fluid is disclosed. The electrochemical reactor includes a housing defining a flow path and a pump configured to continuously move fluid through the flow path at a flow rate. The electrochemical reactor also includes a power supply coupled to the housing, an anode and a cathode coupled to the power supply, and a controller configured to selectively engage the power supply power supply. The power supply applies an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode when engaged.
摘要:
A wastewater refinery comprising one or more electrodialytic cells with mono-, di-, or multi-valent selective membranes interspersed with one or more concentrate compartments to selectively recovery ions from wastewater. The wastewater refinery may harvest ions by utilising techniques including ion selective resins and pervaporation. The refinery finds particular application for recovery of potassium, phosphate and ammonium.
摘要:
Plant for desalinating water of a water supply system, which comprises one or more tanks for accumulating water (2) in an immiscible manner, in order to store a softened supply thereof, provided with a first inlet connection (3) and with a first outlet connection (4) respectively connected to a feeding pipe (5) connected to the water supply system (50) and to an extraction pipe (6) for supplying users. The plant (1) also comprises a filtering unit (10) for water softening, for example obtained with a flow- through condenser (10") or with a reverse osmosis membrane filter (10'), connected in parallel to the tank (2) with second inlet connection (1 1) and second outlet connection (12) respectively hydraulically connected to the first inlet connection (3) and to the first outlet connection (4) of the tank (2). Circulating means (13) are provided which can be activated to force at least one water flow to be treated to pass through the filtering unit (10), producing a filtered water flow, which is progressively stored in the tank (2) according to a filling direction (VI) thereof. Operatively, the feeding pipe (5) of the water supply system (50) forces, when the user requests water, a water flow intended for use to flow through the tank (2), causing the at least partial evacuation of the filtered water volume that was stored therein in an immiscible manner, in an evacuation direction (V2) opposite the filling direction (VI) with which the filtered water flow had been previously stored in the tank 2.
摘要:
An electrodialysis machine (10) for desalinating water with a high concentration of dissolved salts, comprising, between two heads (11, 12), two opposite electrode chambers (13, 14), which contain electrodes (15, 16) having opposite polarities, between which a plurality of reaction chambers of two alternating types are arranged, first ionic enrichment chambers (17) and second ionic depletion chambers (21), each chamber of a first type being open onto a laterally adjacent chamber of the second type by interposition of an ion-conducting membrane (19, 20); the first chambers (17) are hydraulically connected to each other and to the heads so as to form a first hydraulic circuit (21) for the transit of a first water flow (22) with ionic enrichment; the second chambers (18) are hydraulically connected to each other and to the heads so as to form a second hydraulic circuit (23) for the transit of a second water flow (24), which is being desalinated; there are hydraulic means (27) for the exchange of first (22) and second (24) water flows.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for abating scale formation during the purification and demineralization of water in an electrochemical deionization apparatus. In the apparatus and method, scale forming ions in a raw water feed are precipitated at a controlled location remote from the deionization chambers of the deionization apparatus. Concentrate water produced during the deionization process to produce demineralized product water is acidified and circulated through the deionization apparatus to prevent scale formation and build-up in the deionization apparatus.
摘要:
본 발명은 유동성이 큰 슬러지의 원활한 투입이 가능한 전기영동식 전기 침투 탈수기로서, 캐터필러부 사이의 공간에서 슬러지 공급부 하부에 구비되고, 공급되는 슬러지의 유동성에 따라 가변적으로 힘을 가하는 실린더와, 일측이 외곽 프레임에 회동 가능하게 힌지로 고정되고 타측이 실린더와 연결되며 캐터필러부와 닿도록 구비되는 스프라켓(sprocket)을 포함하는 가변부; 및 캐터필러부 사이의 공간에 구비되어 캐터필러부를 운행시키는 복수 개의 아이들 스프라켓(Idle Sprocket)부;를 포함하고, 실린더에 가해지는 힘에 따라 스프라켓이 힌지에 의해 회동되어 드럼과 캐터필러부 사이의 간격이 가변된다. 슬러지의 유동성에 따라 실린더에 다른 공압을 주어, 가변적으로 드럼과 캐터필러 사이의 간격을 변경시킴으로써, 슬러지의 투입이 용이할 수 있고, 넘쳐나는 슬러지가 없어 설비의 오염이 없으며, 슬러지의 처리량이 향상될 수 있는 효과가 있다.
摘要:
Oil recovery is enhanced by: - filtering solids from seawater in a filtration assembly (1,2) to produce pre-treated seawater; - further treating the pre-treated seawater in a Capacitive De-Ionisation (CDI) assembly(3) with flowpaths (12) for the pre-treated seawater between oppositely charged electrodes (15,16) which adsorb ions to produce treated seawater (10); and - injecting the treated seawater (10) with reduced salinity and solids content into the formation to mobilize crude oil and Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR). The filtering & CDI assemblies (1-3) provide treated seawater (10) with a purity, salinity and TDS levels suitable for EOR, without subsequent re-blending with raw seawater to re-adjust the TDS level, and are less sensitive to fouling and less energy-intensive than known Reverse Osmosis (RO) EOR seawater treatment units.