摘要:
A process for producing a carboxylic acid comprises allowing an alcohol having a carbon number of "n" to continuously react with carbon monoxide in. the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system, and a limited amount of water, continuously withdrawing the reaction mixture from the reaction system 1, introducing the withdrawn reaction mixture into a distillation step (distillation columns 3a and 3b), and separating a higher-boiling component and a lower-boiling component containing a carboxylic acid having a carbon number of "n+1", respectively. In the process, the amount of carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen contained in a liquid phase of the reaction system is adjusted to at least one of the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) the amount of carbon monoxide relative to 1 kilogram of the liquid phase by weight is at least 2 mmol per 1 MPa of carbon monoxide partial pressure of the reaction system, and (ii) the amount of hydrogen relative to 1 kilogram of the liquid phase by weight is at least 50 mmol per 1 MPa of hydrogen partial pressure of the reaction system. Such a process inhibits deactivation of a metal catalyst and deterioration in a reaction rate, and decreases formation of by-products in producing a carboxylic acid under a low water content.
摘要:
A polymer comprising repeating units corresponding to an unsaturated carboxylic acid hemiacetal ester represented by the following formula (1): (1) (wherein R represents hydrogen, halogeno, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 haloalkyl; R represents a hydrocarbon group having a hydrogen atom in the 1-position; R represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group; and R represents an organic group containing a cyclic skeleton). The polymer may further contain repeating units corresponding to at least one monomer selected among monomers having a lactone skeleton, monomers having a cyclic ketone skeleton, monomers having an acid anhydride group, and monomers having an imide group [excluding the repeating units corresponding to the unsaturated carboxylic acid hemiacetal ester] and/or repeating units corresponding to at least one monomer selected among monomers having a hydroxy group, etc. When used in a photoresist, this polymer has the excellent property to release an acid.
摘要翻译:包含对应于下式(1)表示的不饱和羧酸半缩醛酯的重复单元的聚合物:(1)(其中R a表示氢,卤代,C 1-6烷基或C 1-6卤代烷基; R b >表示在1位具有氢原子的烃基,R c表示氢或烃基,R d表示含有环状骨架的有机基团。 聚合物可以进一步含有对应于至少一种选自具有内酯骨架的单体,具有环酮骨架的单体,具有酸酐基的单体和具有酰亚胺基的单体的单体的重复单元[不包括与不饱和单体相应的重复单元 羧酸半缩醛酯]和/或对应于选自具有羟基的单体中的至少一种单体的重复单元等。当在光致抗蚀剂中使用时,该聚合物具有优异的脱酸性质。
摘要:
In the presence of a catalytic system, an alcohol having "n" carbon atom(s) or a derivative thereof is allowed to react with carbon monoxide in a reactor 3 continuously, a higher by catalyst component is separated from the resultant reaction mixture by a catalyst-separating column 5 to give a crude mixture, the crude mixture is fed to a higher by component-separation column 8 to separate an overhead fraction from a bottom fraction containing at least a carboxylic acid having "n+2" carbon atoms, the overhead fraction is fed to a carboxylic acid-separating column 11, and are distilled in the presence of at least water and an ester of the carboxylic acid with the alcohol to separate a overhead fraction containing at least the ester and water from a bottom fraction containing the carboxylic acid having "n+l" carbon atoms. The overhead fraction from the carboxylic acid-separating column is fed to an aldehyde-separating column 14 to remove an overhead fraction containing an aldehyde. Such a process insures that impurities are efficiently separated from a reaction mixture by carbonylation of an alcohol, and that a carboxylic acid is purified easily at a lower cost.
摘要:
Resine polyamide copolimerisee composee de 5 a 99 parties en poids d'un composant polyamide contenant au moins un type d'unites recurrentes representees par la formule generale (1) ou (2): (ou r represente un nombre entier compris entre 5 et 11) (ou X represente CmH2m (ou m est un nombre entier allant de 6 a 12), un groupe isophorone, un groupe phenylene ou un groupe cyclohexylene, et Y represente C1H21 (ou 1 est un nombre entier allant de 4 a 10), un groupe phenylene ou un groupe cyclohexylene), et de 1 a 95 parties en poids d'un composant de polyolefine d'un poids moleculaire moyen compris entre 500 et 10000 possedant des groupes d'acide carboxylique, des groupes amines ou hydroxy a ses deux terminaux. Cette resine possede une absorptivite extremement faible.
摘要:
The present invention provides novel benzimidazole compounds of the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, salts thereof and prodrugs thereof, which are useful in treating, for example, the diseases curable through decrease in blood sugar level.
摘要:
An objective of the present invention is to provide a nitrile hydratase capable of producing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyroamide. The present invention provides a novel nitrile hydratase producing alpha -hydroxyamide using alpha -hydroxynitrile as the substrate, and the encoding DNA thereof. The enzyme can be obtained from Rhodococcus sp. Further, the enzymatic activity of the enzyme can be maintained stably during the reaction. The present invention provides a method for producing amide compounds,the method comprising the step of reacting this enzyme to nitrile compounds. According to the present invention, from hydroxy nitrile compounds, corresponding amide compounds can be produced biochemically without reducing the enzyme activity of nitrile hydratase.
摘要:
A polymerizable adamantane derivative represented by the following formula (1): (1) wherein R represents fluorine or fluoroalkyl and the adamantane ring may be substituted. Examples of the fluoroalkyl include trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl, and heptafluoropropyl.
摘要:
Provided is a method of manufacturing target substances with use of supercritical fluid chromatography, by which the following are achieved: increase in throughput of samples containing the target substances; an increase of a treatment amount of separation per unit time; and improvement of efficiency in separation. The method includes the steps of : injecting the sample containing the target substances into a mobile phase; and returning the composition of the mobile phase to a pre-change state after changing the composition of the mobile phase. The steps of changing the composition of the mobile phase and returning it to its pre-change state are performed during a period of time between detection of the peak of the last target substance of interest to elute from the column and injection of the next sample.
摘要:
A prepolymer, characterized in that it is prepared by the reaction of two compounds A and B which have two or more functional moieties or two or more groups of functional moieties, respectively, and are capable of undergoing a polymerization through the bonding of a functional moiety or a group of functional moieties of one compound with a functional moiety or a group of functional moieties of the other compound to form a high molecular weight polymer having a structure containing a hole. The prepolymer has a weight average molecular weight of ca. 200 to 100000. In a preferred embodiment, the compound A has a carboxyl moiety or an amino moiety as the above functional moiety or a group of functional moieties, and the compound B has two amino moieties, an amino moiety and a hydroxyl moiety, an amino moiety and a mercapto moiety, or two carboxyl moieties as the above functional moiety or a group of functional moieties.
摘要:
A material adapted for an organic electroluminescence device and having a radiative recombination center is produced by bringing a source (1) containing a radiative recombination center formig compound capable of absorbing laser light into contact with a target (2) transmitting laser light and having at least one of an electron transport function and a hole transport function, irradiating the surface on the source (1) side (or on the target (2) side) with a laser beam the intensity of which is less than the laser ablation threshold of the source (1), and injecting a radiative recombination center forming compound (3) in the source (1) into the target (2). Thus, the material can be subjected to fine patterning.