摘要:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung wenigstens einer mit Alkylenoxid und Hydrocarbyl-substituierter Polycarbonsaure quaternisierter Stickstoffverbindungen als Reibverschleißvermindernder Zusatz in Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen; entsprechend additivierte Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen und derer Herstellung; und Additivkonzentrate, welche derartige Verbindungen umfassen.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung. Das Verfahren umfasst die Schritte: - Bereitstellen von brennbare Substanzen enthaltendem Sondergas, - Reformieren eines ersten Teils des Sondergases unter Erzeugung von Synthesegas, - Erzeugen von Dimethylether aus dem Synthesegas unter Herstellung eines Dimethylether enthaltenden Reaktionsgemisches, - Abscheiden von Methanol aus dem Reaktionsgemisch und Erzeugen eines methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisches, - Zusammenbringen eines zweiten Teils des Sondergases mit dem methanolreduzierten Dimethylethergemisch unter Erhalt der Brennstoffzusammensetzung.
摘要:
Catalyst compositions suitable for use in the exhaust gas recycle stream of an internal combustion engine are provided. Such catalyst compositions typically provide significant amounts of methane in addition to syngas. A reformer incorporating such a catalyst for use in an exhaust gas recycle portion of an internal combustion engine powertrain is described. A powertrain incorporating such a reformer, a method of increasing the octane rating of an exhaust gas recycle stream, and and a method of operating an internal combustion engine using methane-assisted combustion are also described.
摘要:
A lubricant composition for a compression-ignition internal combustion engine comprises: (i) an amine as an ashless fuel additive having a total base number ("TBN") of from about 200 to about 600 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896; and (ii) a detergent selected from metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, carboxylates, thiophosphonates, and combinations thereof. The lubricant composition has a TBN of from about 20 to about 130 mg KOH/g when tested according to ASTM D2896, The amine contributes greater than about 30% of the TBN of the lubricant composition. Further, a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition comprises the steps of injecting a fuel and the lubricant composition into a cylinder to form a mixture, and combusting the mixture via compression-ignition.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing the amount of polluting contents in the exhaust gas of liquid fueled combustion engines, characterized in that a water-in-oil-emulsion is prepared and fed to the combustion system, comprising the steps a) injecting an organic oil phase, an emulsifier and an aqueous phase into a first mixing area; b) mixing of the components in order to achieve a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE); c) injecting the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) of step b) and an additional organic oil phase into a second mixing area; d) mixing the components in order to achieve a homogeneous water-in-oil-emulsion and e) providing the water-in-oil-emulsion to the combustion system.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to bioengineering approaches for producing biofuel and, in particular, to the use of a C 1 metabolizing microorganism reactor system for converting C1 substrates, such as methane or methanol, into biomass and subsequently into biofuels, bioplastics, or the like.
摘要:
This invention relates to corrosion inhibitor additive combinations giving long acting performance in oxygenated gasoline blends comprising either low carbon number (
摘要:
The present invention relates to an alternative fuel composition for an internal combustion engine, the alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising: 1-88 wt% of biobutanol or a mixture of biobutanol and butanol; 3-75 wt% of a paraffin-based hydrocarbon solvent; 3-35 wt% of toluene; and 6-30 wt% of xylene, based on the total weight of the composition.
摘要:
Fuel blends and processes for producing a fuel unit blend to replace gasoline or supplement the apparent energy density of diesel or other fuel. The fuel unit blend comprises a base combustive fuel component that produces excess heat, which heat activates and sustains reactions of secondary detonative fuel components. The fuel mixture including a detonative fuel component blended with a stabilizing fuel component is dynamically stable, allowing the detonative fuel component to survive the combustion of the base combustive fuel component. The fuel blend produces first deflagrative combustion and then detonative or explosive waves in an internal combustion engine so as to produce maximum effective torque on the engines piston. A secondary effect is provided when the exhaust gas is cooled, increasing the Carnot thermal efficiency of the engine. The fuel blends may be diluted with a base combustive fuel to form a synthetic fuel for use within an internal combustion engine. The synthetic fuels also have application in mining, demolition, and military applications as explosive trains including a primary fuel explosive and a secondary explosive comprising the core polar material. Detonation or explosion of the secondary accelerates the combustion products of the primary fuel.
摘要:
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.