摘要:
A method of producing a cation-exchange membrane having roughed surface which is characterized in mixing silica powder with water to give a suspended or pasty mixture, supporting the resultant mixture on art paper or filter paper, drying the mixture to form silica powder layer, adhering with heating and pressing the silica powder layer on surface of membrane composed of perfluorocarbon polymer, and removing the silica powder layer formed on the surface of said membrane with caustic alkali aqueous solution.
摘要:
Halogen-containing polyacrylate derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a structural unit derived from a copolymeriazable monomer having a double bond; R is ##STR2## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorinated methyl group, provided R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X is a halogen atom or a methyl group; and m is a positive integer, n is 0 or a positive integer, and n/m from 0 to 2, preferably from 0 to 1 are disclosed.Also disclosed are methods for forming a resist pattern by using the halogen-containing polyacrylate derivatives as a resist material.
摘要:
A halogen-containing polyacrylate derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a structural unit derived from a copolymerizable monomer having a double bond; R is ##STR2## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorinated methyl group, provided R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X is a halogen atom or a methyl group; and m is a positive integer, n is 0 or a positive integer, and n/m is from 0 to 2, preferably from 0 to 1.
摘要:
A positive resist composition comprising an aromatic group-containing alkali-soluble resin and a compound having an ammonium salt as skeleton, as the main components.
摘要:
A cation exchange membrane is produced by impregnating a diene derivative having carboxylic acid group and/or carboxylic acid convertible group into a cation exchange membrane of a fluorinated polymer having at least one type cation exchange groups having lower acidity than that of sulfonic acid group wherein a ratio of sulfonic acid groups to total cation exchange groups on one surface (A surface layer) is higher than that of the other surface (B surface layer); performing a partial polymerization of the diene derivative and dipping the resulting membrane into an organic solvent which is miscible with water and has a boiling point of higher than 30.degree. C. at 760 mmHg; holding the membrane between a pair of smooth plates; and heating the membrane at 50.degree. to 180.degree. C.; and if the diene derivative having carboxylic acid convertible group is used, converting said groups into carboxylic acid groups.
摘要:
An electrolysis of sodium chloride is carried out by using a cation exchange membrane obtained by the following treatment.The cation exchange membrane is prepared by treating one surface of a membrane of a perfluorocarbon polymer having sulfonyl halide groups with a diamine or a polyamine at a temperature of 170.degree. C. to a deterioration temperature of the membrane and immersing a diene derivative having a carboxyl group or a group which can be converted to carboxyl group into the membrane to polymerize the diene derivative and treating the membrane with a water miscible organic solvent having a boiling point of higher than 120.degree. C. in 760 mmHg between smooth plates at 80.degree. C. to 180.degree. C.
摘要:
A homogeneous cation-exchange membrane made of one or more fluorinated polymer having cation-exchangeable groups is swollen with a water miscible organic solvent and then the solvent is removed from the swollen membrane and then membrane is treated with hydrochloric acid.The cation-exchange membrane of the fluorinated polymer having cation-exchangeable groups is modified to reduce the permeability of hydroxyl group ions by swelling it and removing the water-miscible organic solvent and then, treating it with hydrochloric acid.
摘要:
A pellicle having a reflection-preventing function comprised of a transparent polyvinyl acetal film and a reflection-preventing film formed on at least one surface of the polyvinyl acetal film. The reflection-preventing film is made of a copolymer of a perfluoroalkyl acrylate or methacrylate with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate having (i) a hydroxyalkyl group having 2-3 OH groups on the terminal or side chain and 3-5 carbon atoms, (ii) a hydroxyalkyl group having an OH group on the terminal or side chain and 2-4 carbon atoms, or (iii) a fluorine-containing hydroxyalkyl group having an OH group on the terminal or side chain and 4-12 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A photoresist composition comprising:a resin soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution, having units of an aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon main frame and units derived from maleic anhydride and/or units derived from a maleimide; anda photosensitive agent in a sufficient amount to promote or hinder the solubility of said resin in an aqueous alkaline solution upon exposure to active radiation so as to create a substantial difference in the solubility as between an exposed portion and a non-exposed portion and to form a positive or negative image by subsequent development with an aqueous alkaline solution.
摘要:
A process for preparing an anion exchange membrane, which comprises subjecting a carboxylate membrane made of a copolymer having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is F or CF.sub.3, l is an integer of from 0 to 5, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer of from 1 to 5, and p/q is from 4 to 16, and R is an alkyl group, to an acid or base treatment, and then introducing anion exchange groups thereinto.