摘要:
A developing apparatus operable with a toner cartridge having a flexible sack which is filled with a toner. When the toner cartridge is mounted on a developing tank included in the apparatus, the sack having been held under tension by the toner is perforated to form a hole therein. The hole causes the sack to contract rapidly due to its contactability while forcing the toner out of the sack. Then, the toner is dropped or otherwise auotmatically supplied into the developing tank. This allows the toner to be supplied without resorting to any extra manual operation after the toner cartridge has been mounted on the tank.
摘要:
A battery model unit includes an electrode reaction model unit based on the Butler_Volmer equation, an electrolyte lithium concentration distribution model unit analyzing a lithium ion concentration distribution in an electrolyte solution by a diffusion equation, an active material lithium concentration distribution model unit analyzing an ion concentration distribution in a solid state of an active material by a diffusion equation, a current/potential distribution model unit for obtaining a potential distribution according to the charge conservation law, a thermal diffusion model unit and a boundary condition setting unit. The boundary condition setting unit (66) sets a boundary condition at an electrode interface such that a reacting weight at the electrode interface is not determined by a difference in material concentration between positions but a deviation from an electrochemically balanced state causes a change with time in lithium concentration at the interface and thus a (time-based) drive power for material transportation. Thereby, an appropriate charge/discharge control can be performed based on the battery model having the appropriately set battery condition.
摘要:
A transfer-fixing device transfers and fixes a toner image onto a transfer-fixing surface of a recording medium, and includes a transfer-fixing member, a pressing member, a heating member, and a temperature equalization member. The transfer-fixing member carries the toner image. The pressing member pressingly contacts the transfer-fixing member to form a nip between the pressing member and the transfer-fixing member through which the recording medium passes. The heating member heats the transfer-fixing surface of the recording medium conveyed toward the nip so that the recording medium reaches the nip before a temperature of a back surface opposite the transfer-fixing surface of the recording medium increases. The temperature equalization member equalizes temperature distribution on a surface of the transfer-fixing member in a width direction of the transfer-fixing member perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the recording medium, after the surface of the transfer-fixing member passes the nip.
摘要:
A battery state estimating unit (110) estimates an internal state of a secondary battery according to a battery model equation in every arithmetic cycle, and calculates an SOC based on a result of the estimation. A parameter characteristic map (120) stores a characteristic map based on a result of actual measurement performed in an initial state (in a new state) on a parameter diffusion coefficient (Ds) and a DC resistance (Ra) in the battery model equation. The parameter change rate estimating unit (130) estimates a DC resistance change rate (gr) represented by a ratio of a present DC resistance (Rc) with respect to a new-state parameter value (Ran) by parameter identification based on the battery model equation, using battery data (Tb, Vb and Ib) measured by sensors as well as the new-state parameter value (Ran) of the DC resistance corresponding to the p resent battery state and read from the parameter characteristic map (120).
摘要:
A transfer unit for use in an image forming apparatus includes a transfer belt, and a counter member. The transfer belt, having a given circumferential length, receives an un-fixed image, formed of an image developer, from an image carrier at a first nip, which is defined between the transfer belt and the image carrier. The counter member faces the transfer belt to form a second nip with the transfer belt. The un-fixed image is transferred from the transfer belt to a recording medium passing through the second nip. A slack portion is generated in the transfer belt, when a front edge of the recording medium passes through the second nip. The slack portion of the transfer belt being generated in a first portion of the transfer belt returning from the second nip to the first nip.
摘要:
A method of controlling a cache memory disposed between a CPU and a main memory, wherein pairs of data and an address to be written in the cache memory are stored into a buffer memory. A plurality of pairs of data and an address read from the buffer memory are processed to compare the address fields thereof. Based on results of the comparisons, there is determined a write control for writing the data in the cache memory which has been subdivided into a plurality of banks. As a result, the plural pairs of data and an address are written into the plural banks of the cache memory, the addresses of the respective pairs being different from each other. With the provisions set forth above, the write operation can be independently conducted for each bank of the cache memory, thereby improving the write throughput.
摘要:
A processing apparatus of an integrated circuit structure for a multiprocessor system includes an execution unit operative on the basis of a virtual storage scheme and a cache memory having entries designated by logical addresses from the execution unit. For controlling the cache memory, a first address array containing entries designated by the same logical addresses as the cache memory and storing control information for the corresponding entries of the cache memory is provided in association with a second address array having entries designated by physical addresses and storing translation information for translation of physical addresses to logical addresses for the entries. When a physical address at which invalidation is to be performed is inputted in response to a cache memory invalidation request supplied externally, access is made to the second address array by using the physical address to obtain the translation information from the second address array to thereby generate a logical address to be invalidated. The first address array is accessed by using the generated logical address to perform a invalidation processing on the control information.
摘要:
A printing hammer assembly for use in impact printers includes a printing hammer which has an impact surface and an armature and which is supported to be movable in a reciprocating manner along its longitudinal axis, a driving solenoid which drives to move the printing hammer forward when energized against the force of a coil spring which normally applies a biasing force to the printing hammer in the backward direction and a yoke leading a magnetic flux produced by said solenoid to the armature of printing hammer. A pair of magnets are disposed such that they are magnetically repulsive to each other with one of them fixed in position and the other movable over a predetermined distance thereby allowing to absorb the rebounding energy of the hammer when it returns to its home position.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle (1) includes a battery (10-1), a motor-generator (32-2) operable to produce driving force using electric power of the battery (10-1), a charger (28) operable to charge the battery (10-1) by means of an external power supply, and an ECU (40). The ECU (40) stores a given parameter used in battery model expressions. The parameter varies according to the status of the battery (10-1). During running of the hybrid vehicle (1) and during charging of the battery (10-1) with the external power supply, the ECU (40) collects data related to the status of the battery (10-1), corrects the parameter based on the data, and calculates a value of charging rate (SOC) of the battery (10-1). The ECU (40) controls charge/discharge of the battery (10-1), based on the calculated SOC value.
摘要:
A battery state estimating unit estimates an internal state of a secondary battery in accordance with a battery model equation in every arithmetic cycle, and estimates a charging rate and a battery current based on a result of the estimation. A parameter estimating unit obtains a battery current measured by a sensor as well as the charging rate and the battery current estimated by the battery state estimating unit. The parameter estimating unit estimates a capacity deterioration parameter such that a rate of change in difference (estimation error) between a summed value of an actual current and a summed value of an estimated current with respect to the charging rate is minimized. A result obtained by estimating the capacity deterioration parameter is reflected in the battery model by the battery state estimating unit.