摘要:
A short-circuit detector has connected between positive and negative terminals of a DC power source a series connection including sequentially a first switch, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor and a second switch, a third switch between a grounding terminal such as a vehicle chassis and a point between the first and second detection resistors and a voltage detector circuit connected in parallel with the first and second detection resistors. A control circuit is connected to the voltage detector circuit, serving to calculate a voltage value of the DC power source by switching on only the first and second switches, to calculate a first voltage drop value across the first detection resistor by switching on only the first and third switches, to calculate a second voltage drop value across the second detection resistor by switching on only the second and third switches and to determine presence or absence of short-circuited conditions at the positive and negative terminals of the DC power source on the basis of the calculated voltage value, the first voltage drop value and the second voltage drop value.
摘要:
An electrophotographic image forming system having a form cassette for storing forms, a transfer unit for forming an image, a feeder for feeding the forms to the transfer unit and a fusing device for fusing transferred image of the form. The electrophotographic image forming system provides in a path for feeding the form with unfused colored particles (toner) deposited thereon, a form guide so as to contact the non-printing area of the surface of the form with unfused colored particles (toner) deposited thereon.
摘要:
A batchwise hot dip plating method is performed by dipping a metallic material in a molten metal plating bath, following fluxing by dipping the metallic material in a bath of a fused salt flux (e.g., a mixture of cryolite and one or more alkali metal chlorides and optionally aluminum fluoride) having a melting temperature at least 5.degree. C. higher than the temperature of the molten metal plating bath, which also serves to preheat the metallic material. In the case of hot dip plating with an Al--Zn alloy, particularly a Zn/55% Al/0.5-2% Si alloy, a bare spot-free plated coating having good appearance can be formed by a reduced duration of dipping in the plating bath without post-plating treatment to remove flux residues. The use of a plating tank having a cross section of a round shape such as a semicircular shape or an oblong semielliptic shape, rather than a rectangular box shape, brings about a significantly extended service life of the plating tank.
摘要:
In order to achieve such effects that memories such as image memory due to untransferred residual toner can be sufficiently prevented, and good images can be obtained by suppressing base fogging and reduction of entire image density for a long term, an oscillating voltage composed of a DC ingredient and an oscillating ingredient is applied to a charging device for charging a photosensitive member, while the charging device is in a position facing an image forming region of the photosensitive member. While the charging device is in a position facing an image non-forming region of the photosensitive member, only a DC voltage is applied to the charging device for at least a predetermined time.
摘要:
The present invention relates to vacuum processing equipment for processing a wafer in a vacuum, and film coating or forming equipment and method for forming a film on a wafer wherein radiation measurement and temperature control of the wafer is carried out by using an infrared radiation thermometer. Based upon the radiation measurement, heating and/or cooling of the wafer during processing is carried out.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus having an insulated member disposed adjacent to a photosensitive member, a scanner exposing an image on the photosensitive member in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the insulated member while voltage is applied between the photosensitive member and the insulated member so as to provide a charge on the insulated member surface corresponding to the optical exposure image. The exposure position exposed by the scanner is changed in the direction of movement of the image-bearing member for each scan.
摘要:
Disclosed is a citrus tree having a moderate spreading vigor, and bearing medium size and round shaped fruit with a deep orange skin color and a low acidity. This new and distinct variety of citrus tree is an early maturing citrus cultivar, is fairly resistant to diseases, was bred by a crossing of "T-378" (the seed parent) and "Page" (the pollen parent), bears good quality fruit, and is an excellent citrus cultivar.
摘要:
A thermoplastic resin composition which contains a resin composition containing a crystalline polypropylene component, an ethylene-butene-1 copolymer rubber and an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber; a modified polypropylene; a saturated polyester resin; and an epoxy group-containing copolymer; and optionally talc exhibits high low-temperature impact strength, stiffness and Rockwell hardness and a small coefficient of linear expansion, which composition gives an injection-molded article suitably used for a bumper for automobile.
摘要:
Disclosed is a citrus tree having a moderate spreading vigor, and bearing medium size and compressed round shaped fruit with a deep orange skin color and a low acidity. This new and distinct variety of citrus tree is an early maturing citrus cultivar, is fairly resistant to diseases, was bred by a crossing of "Seike navel" (the seed parent) and "Clementine" (the pollen parent), bears good quality fruit, and is an excellent citrus cultivar.
摘要:
A thermoplastic resin composition which comprises 100 parts by weight of a composition comprising 95-5 % by weight of at least one polyolefinresin (A) selected from homopolymers of ethylene or .alpha.-olefin or copolymers thereof and these homopolymers or copolymers modified with a polyfunctional compound (E) and/or an unsaturated monomer (L) and 5-95 % by weight of at least one polyphenylene-ether-resin (B) selected from polyphenylene ether, modified polyphenylene ether with the above (E) and/or (L) and a composition comprising the polyphenylene or modified polyphenylene ether and an aromatic vinyl polymer resin (M) and 0.001-10 parts by weight of a dinitrodiamine (D) of the following formula (I). ##STR1## (wherein X represents a divalent chain aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group or an aromatic group which may contain a halogen or an oxygen atom, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a chain aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group or an aromatic group and when both of X and R.sup.1 are chain aliphatic groups, the nitrogen atoms may further bond each other to form a ring through X and R.sup.1 ; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-12 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may bond to form a ring).