公开(公告)号：US07767631B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-03

申请号：US09359809

申请日：1999-07-23

Applicant: Richard Levy

Inventor： Richard Levy

IPC: C10M169/04 ,  C10M161/00 ,  C10M125/00 ,  C10M125/04 ,  C10M141/06

CPC classification number: C10M111/04 ,  C10M2201/0413 ,  C10M2201/053 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/0653 ,  C10M2201/0663 ,  C10M2201/0853 ,  C10M2201/0873 ,  C10M2201/1023 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2203/1006 ,  C10M2207/2825 ,  C10M2209/0845 ,  C10M2209/1045 ,  C10M2209/123 ,  C10M2217/0245 ,  C10M2217/0265 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2250/08 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C10N2250/12 ,  C10N2250/16 ,  C10N2250/18 ,  F16C33/109 ,  F16C2202/52 ,  C10M2209/1085

Abstract: A process is disclosed for manufacturing a lubricant composition comprising combining a superabsorbent polymer with a material for decreasing friction between moving surfaces. The superabsorbent polymer absorbs from about 25 to greater than 100 times its weight in water and may comprise a polymer of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester, acrylonitrile or acrylamide, including co-polymers thereof or starch graft co-polymers thereof or mixtures thereof. A product produced by the process includes the material for decreasing friction comprising a petroleum lubricant containing an additive, water containing an additive, synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant, wherein the synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant optionally contain an additive. A process comprising controlling the delivery of a lubricant to at least one of two moving surfaces in order to decrease friction between said moving surfaces, is also disclosed. This process includes applying the lubricant composition to at least one of the surfaces. The lubricant composition in this instance comprises a superabsorbent polymer combined with a material for decreasing friction between moving surfaces, wherein the material for decreasing friction comprises a petroleum lubricant, water, synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant, and optionally an additive.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于制造润滑剂组合物的方法，其包括将超吸收聚合物与用于减少运动表面之间摩擦的材料组合。 超吸收性聚合物在水中吸收其重量的约25至大于100倍，并且可以包含丙烯酸，丙烯酸酯，丙烯腈或丙烯酰胺的聚合物，包括其共聚物或其淀粉接枝共聚物或其混合物。 通过该方法生产的产品包括用于减少摩擦的材料，其包含含有添加剂的石油润滑剂，含有添加剂的水，合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂，其中合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂 任选地含有添加剂。 还公开了一种方法，其包括控制将润滑剂输送到两个移动表面中的至少一个以减少所述移动表面之间的摩擦。 该方法包括将润滑剂组合物施加到至少一个表面。 在这种情况下，润滑剂组合物包括与用于减少运动表面之间的摩擦的材料组合的超吸收性聚合物，其中用于减少摩擦的材料包括石油润滑剂，水，合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂，以及任选的添加剂 。

公开(公告)号：US20090297717A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-03

申请号：US11887512

申请日：2006-03-27

Applicant: Hirofumi Hori ,  Tetsuya Nakanishi ,  Teruo Onozawa ,  Yoshimi Imoto

Inventor： Hirofumi Hori ,  Tetsuya Nakanishi ,  Teruo Onozawa ,  Yoshimi Imoto

IPC: B05D3/12 ,  C10M125/26 ,  C10M125/10 ,  C10M125/04 ,  B05D3/02

CPC classification number: C10M173/02 ,  B21B45/02 ,  C10M2201/02 ,  C10M2201/05 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/087 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2201/105 ,  C10M2201/12 ,  C10M2201/123 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/108 ,  C10M2219/042 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10N2210/08 ,  C10N2220/082 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/403 ,  C10N2240/404 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2250/121

Abstract: An anti-seizure agent for hot steel working that exhibits excellent wettability and surface film-adherability comprises: an inorganic component (first component); sodium hydroxide (second component); water-soluble resins and/or water-soluble surfactants (third component); and water. With the mass of the sum of the first component, the second component, and the third component as 100 mass %, the anti-seizure agent contains: 96.5 mass % or more and 99.98 mass % or less of the first component; 0.01 mass % or more and 2.0 mass % or less of the second component; and 0.01 mass % or more and 1.5 mass % or less of the third component, and the inorganic component is one or more selected from a group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, B2O3, K2O, and Na2O. A coating layer formed after application solidly adheres to the steel and does not come off in the environment of both cold and hot working.

Abstract translation: 具有优异的润湿性和表面膜附着性的热钢加工用防咬住剂包括：无机成分（第一成分）; 氢氧化钠（第二组分）; 水溶性树脂和/或水溶性表面活性剂（第三组分）; 和水。 以第一成分，第二成分和第三成分之和的质量为100质量％，防卡定剂含有：第一成分的96.5质量％以上且99.98质量％以下。 0.01质量％以上且2.0质量％以下的第二成分。 0.01质量％以上且1.5质量％以下，无机成分为选自Al 2 O 3，SiO 2，CaO，B 2 O 3，K 2 O，Na 2 O中的一种以上。 在施加后形成的涂层在冷和热加工的环境中牢固地粘附到钢上并且不脱落。

公开(公告)号：US07553541B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-30

申请号：US10614114

申请日：2003-07-07

Applicant: Richard Levy

Inventor： Richard Levy

IPC: D02G3/36 ,  B32B15/02 ,  B05D5/08 ,  C10M171/00

CPC classification number: C10M111/04 ,  C10M101/02 ,  C10M101/025 ,  C10M103/00 ,  C10M103/02 ,  C10M103/04 ,  C10M103/06 ,  C10M105/04 ,  C10M105/06 ,  C10M105/18 ,  C10M105/36 ,  C10M105/80 ,  C10M107/00 ,  C10M107/02 ,  C10M107/28 ,  C10M107/34 ,  C10M107/36 ,  C10M107/38 ,  C10M107/42 ,  C10M107/44 ,  C10M125/02 ,  C10M125/04 ,  C10M125/10 ,  C10M125/22 ,  C10M125/24 ,  C10M125/26 ,  C10M145/12 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M145/40 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M149/08 ,  C10M149/12 ,  C10M173/02 ,  C10M2201/0413 ,  C10M2201/053 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/0653 ,  C10M2201/0663 ,  C10M2201/0853 ,  C10M2201/0873 ,  C10M2201/1023 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2203/1006 ,  C10M2207/2825 ,  C10M2209/0845 ,  C10M2209/1045 ,  C10M2209/123 ,  C10M2217/0245 ,  C10M2217/0265 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2250/08 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C10N2250/12 ,  C10N2250/16 ,  C10N2250/18 ,  Y10T428/2927 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/294 ,  Y10T428/2962 ,  C10M2209/1085

Abstract: A substrate is coated with an essentially water-free composition. The composition includes a superabsorbent polymer that absorbs from about 25 to greater than 100 times its weight in water and a material for lubricating the substrate. The superabsorbent polymer may be a polymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide or acrylate. Also included is a method for protecting a substrate from the effects of water or water migration.

Abstract translation: 用基本上无水的组合物涂覆基材。 该组合物包括在水中吸收其重量约25至大于100倍的超吸收性聚合物和用于润滑基材的材料。 超吸收性聚合物可以是丙烯酸，丙烯酰胺或丙烯酸酯的聚合物。 还包括用于保护底物免受水或水迁移的影响的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07360798B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-22

申请号：US10765837

申请日：2004-01-29

Applicant: Keishi Matsumoto ,  Kunio Goto ,  Toshiro Anraku ,  Shigeo Nagasaku ,  Hideo Yamamoto

Inventor： Keishi Matsumoto ,  Kunio Goto ,  Toshiro Anraku ,  Shigeo Nagasaku ,  Hideo Yamamoto

IPC: F16L15/00 ,  C10M159/06

CPC classification number: C10M177/00 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/103 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/1006 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2207/0285 ,  C10M2207/2623 ,  C10M2207/281 ,  C10M2207/2815 ,  C10M2219/046 ,  C10M2219/0463 ,  C10N2240/22 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C10N2250/14 ,  E21B17/042 ,  F16L15/004 ,  F16L58/182 ,  Y10T428/1393

Abstract: A threaded joint for steel pipes comprising a pin 1 and a box 2 each having a contact surface comprising a threaded portion 3 or 4 and an unthreaded metal contact portion 8 is provided with improved anti-galling propertied by forming a lubricating coating on the contact surface of at least one of the pin and the box, the lubricating coating exhibiting a self-repairing function by liquid lubrication and having a decreased greasiness. The lubricating coating is (1) a coating which comprises a lower lubricant layer which is in liquid form in the temperature range of above 0° C. and below 40° C. and an upper lubricant layer which is in solid form at 40° C., or (2) a coating which is semi-solid or solid at 40° C. and is formed of a mixture comprising a lubricating oil which is in liquid form in the temperature range of above 0° C. and below 40° C. and a wax which is in solid form at 40° C., the mixture preferably having been heated so as to liquefy the wax and dissolve in each other the wax and lubricant oil.

Abstract translation: 一种用于钢管的螺纹接头，其包括销1和盒2，每个具有包括螺纹部分3或4的接触表面和无螺纹金属接触部分8的盒子2具有通过在接触表面上形成润滑涂层而具有改进的防磨损 的销和盒中的至少一个，润滑涂层通过液体润滑显示出自修复功能并且具有降低的油脂性。 润滑涂层是（1）涂层，其包括在0℃以上且低于40℃的温度范围内为液态的下润滑剂层，以及在40℃为固体形式的上润滑剂层 ，或（2）在40℃下为半固体或固体的涂层，并且由包含在0℃以上且低于40℃的温度范围内为液态的润滑油的混合物形成的涂层 和在40℃下为固体形式的蜡，所述混合物优选已被加热以使蜡液化并彼此溶解蜡和润滑油。

公开(公告)号：US07338926B2

公开(公告)日：2008-03-04

申请号：US10781240

申请日：2004-02-18

Applicant: Richard Levy

Inventor： Richard Levy

IPC: C10M125/00 ,  C10M145/14

CPC classification number: C10M111/04 ,  C10M101/02 ,  C10M101/025 ,  C10M103/00 ,  C10M103/02 ,  C10M103/04 ,  C10M103/06 ,  C10M105/04 ,  C10M105/06 ,  C10M105/18 ,  C10M105/36 ,  C10M105/80 ,  C10M107/00 ,  C10M107/02 ,  C10M107/28 ,  C10M107/34 ,  C10M107/36 ,  C10M107/38 ,  C10M107/42 ,  C10M107/44 ,  C10M125/02 ,  C10M125/04 ,  C10M125/10 ,  C10M125/22 ,  C10M125/24 ,  C10M125/26 ,  C10M145/12 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M145/40 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M149/08 ,  C10M149/12 ,  C10M173/02 ,  C10M2201/0413 ,  C10M2201/053 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/0653 ,  C10M2201/0663 ,  C10M2201/0853 ,  C10M2201/0873 ,  C10M2201/1023 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2203/1006 ,  C10M2207/2825 ,  C10M2209/0845 ,  C10M2209/1045 ,  C10M2209/123 ,  C10M2217/0245 ,  C10M2217/0265 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2250/08 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C10N2250/12 ,  C10N2250/16 ,  C10N2250/18 ,  Y10T428/2927 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/294 ,  Y10T428/2962 ,  C10M2209/1085

Abstract: A process is disclosed for manufacturing a lubricant composition comprising combining a superabsorbent polymer with a material for decreasing friction between moving surfaces. The superabsorbent polymer absorbs from about 25 to greater than 100 times its weight in water and may comprise a polymer of acrylic acid, an acrylic ester, acrylonitrile or acrylamide, including co-polymers thereof or starch graft co-polymers thereof or mixtures thereof. A product produced by the process includes the material for decreasing friction comprising a petroleum lubricant containing an additive, water containing an additive, synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant, wherein the synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant optionally contain an additive. A process comprising controlling the delivery of a lubricant to at least one of two moving surfaces in order to decrease friction between said moving surfaces, is also disclosed. This process includes applying the lubricant composition to at least one of the surfaces. The lubricant composition in this instance comprises a superabsorbent polymer combined with a material for decreasing friction between moving surfaces, wherein the material for decreasing friction comprises a petroleum lubricant, water, synthetic lubricant, grease, solid lubricant or metal working lubricant, and optionally an additive.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于制造润滑剂组合物的方法，其包括将超吸收聚合物与用于减少运动表面之间摩擦的材料组合。 超吸收性聚合物在水中吸收其重量的约25至大于100倍，并且可以包含丙烯酸，丙烯酸酯，丙烯腈或丙烯酰胺的聚合物，包括其共聚物或其淀粉接枝共聚物或其混合物。 通过该方法生产的产品包括用于减少摩擦的材料，其包含含有添加剂的石油润滑剂，含有添加剂的水，合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂，其中合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂 任选地含有添加剂。 还公开了一种方法，其包括控制将润滑剂输送到两个移动表面中的至少一个以减少所述移动表面之间的摩擦。 该方法包括将润滑剂组合物施加到至少一个表面。 在这种情况下，润滑剂组合物包括与用于减少运动表面之间的摩擦的材料组合的超吸收性聚合物，其中用于减少摩擦的材料包括石油润滑剂，水，合成润滑剂，润滑脂，固体润滑剂或金属加工润滑剂，以及任选的添加剂 。

公开(公告)号：US20070135315A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-14

申请号：US11676405

申请日：2007-02-19

Applicant: MICHAEL MITROVICH

Inventor： MICHAEL MITROVICH

IPC: F16C33/20

CPC classification number: C10M169/04 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C10M2201/041 ,  C10M2201/0413 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/066 ,  C10M2201/0663 ,  C10M2201/103 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2205/022 ,  C10M2205/0225 ,  C10M2205/024 ,  C10M2205/0245 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2250/08 ,  C10N2250/18 ,  C10N2270/00

Abstract: A solid lubricant and composition useful for lubricating the flanges of locomotive wheels, railcar wheels, rail track and in applications where it is desirable to reduce friction when metal contacts metal. The solid lubricant having from about twenty-five percent to about seventy percent by volume of a polymeric carrier, about five to seventy-five percent by volume of organic and inorganic extreme pressure additives, about zero to twenty percent by volume synthetic extreme pressure anti-wear liquid oil, and about zero to one percent by volume optical brightener.

Abstract translation: 一种固体润滑剂和组合物，可用于润滑机车车轮，轨道车轮，轨道轨道的凸缘以及在金属接触金属时希望减少摩擦的应用中。 固体润滑剂具有约25体积％至约70体积％的聚合物载体，约5至75体积％的有机和无机极压添加剂，约0至20体积％ 磨损液体油，以及约0〜1％的荧光增白剂。

公开(公告)号：US20070031651A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-08

申请号：US11500368

申请日：2006-08-08

Applicant: Yukihiko Kagohara ,  Shinji Ochi ,  Hideo Ishikawa ,  Masaaki Sakamoto

Inventor： Yukihiko Kagohara ,  Shinji Ochi ,  Hideo Ishikawa ,  Masaaki Sakamoto

IPC: B32B5/16

CPC classification number: F16C33/14 ,  C10M103/00 ,  C10M103/02 ,  C10M103/06 ,  C10M2201/042 ,  C10M2201/0423 ,  C10M2201/061 ,  C10M2201/0613 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/065 ,  C10M2201/0653 ,  C10M2201/066 ,  C10M2201/0663 ,  C10N2210/06 ,  C10N2220/08 ,  C10N2220/082 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2250/08 ,  C10N2270/00 ,  F16C2220/20 ,  F16C2223/08 ,  F16C2223/32 ,  F16C2223/70 ,  Y10T428/25 ,  Y10T428/252

Abstract: A slide bearing for internal combustion engines, comprising a slide layer including a lubricant outer layer in which a solid lubricant is contained, and wherein the lubricant outer layer contains an element which is contained in the solid lubricant, at a maximum concentration of not less than 5 mass % in the lubricant outer layer, and at least a solid lubricant gathered particle is formed on a surface of the lubricant outer layer, the solid lubricant gathered particle being a particle of the solid lubricant formed by gathering a plurality of primary particles, the solid lubricant gathered particle having a long side of not less than 20 μm but less than 100 μm in terms of surface visual field of the lubricant outer layer.

Abstract translation: 一种用于内燃机的滑动轴承，包括：滑动层，其包含润滑剂外层，其中包含固体润滑剂，并且其中所述润滑剂外层含有固体润滑剂中包含的元素，最大浓度不小于 在润滑剂外层中为5质量％，并且在润滑剂外层的表面上形成至少一种固体润滑剂聚集颗粒，固体润滑剂聚集颗粒是通过聚集多个初级颗粒而形成的固体润滑剂的颗粒， 在润滑剂外层的表面视野方面，固体润滑剂聚集的具有长边不小于20μm但小于100μm的颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US20050261140A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-24

申请号：US11133339

申请日：2005-05-20

Applicant: Kunihiro Yamada ,  Akihiro Endo ,  Kunihiko Mita

Inventor： Kunihiro Yamada ,  Akihiro Endo ,  Kunihiko Mita

IPC: C08L83/04 ,  C10M111/04 ,  C10M169/02 ,  C10M13/04

CPC classification number: C10M111/04 ,  C08L83/04 ,  C10M169/02 ,  C10M2201/05 ,  C10M2201/053 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/10 ,  C10M2201/1006 ,  C10M2229/0405 ,  C10M2229/0415 ,  C10N2210/01 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2210/03 ,  C10N2220/02 ,  C10N2220/022 ,  C10N2230/02 ,  C10N2240/20 ,  C08L2666/54

Abstract: A silicone grease composition is provided comprising (A) 2-40% by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a kinematic viscosity of 50-500,000 mm2/s at 25° C., and (B) 60-98% by weight of at least one heat conductive filler selected from among metal powders, metal oxide powders and ceramic powders having a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/m° C. and an average particle size of 0.1-15.0 μm. Coarse particles are removed such that a 500-mesh oversize fraction is not more than 50 ppm and a 325-mesh oversize fraction is substantially zero.

Abstract translation: 提供一种硅氧烷润滑脂组合物，其包含（A）2-40重量％的在25℃下运动粘度为50-500,000mm 2 / s的有机聚硅氧烷，和（B）60- 98重量％的至少一种导热填料，其选自金属粉末，金属氧化物粉末和具有至少10W / m℃的热导率和0.1-15.0μm的平均粒度的陶瓷粉末。 粗颗粒被去除，使得500目过大的馏分不超过50ppm，325目过大的馏分基本为零。

公开(公告)号：US06884660B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US10316078

申请日：2002-12-11

Applicant: Hiroaki Tetsuka ,  Kunihiro Yamada ,  Kunihiko Mita

Inventor： Hiroaki Tetsuka ,  Kunihiro Yamada ,  Kunihiko Mita

IPC: C08L83/04 ,  B23K31/00 ,  C08K3/00 ,  C08K3/08 ,  C08K3/10 ,  C08K5/5415 ,  C08L83/05 ,  C08L83/07 ,  C09K5/14 ,  H01L23/34 ,  H01L23/36 ,  H01L23/40

CPC classification number: C10M111/04 ,  C08G77/12 ,  C08G77/20 ,  C08L83/04 ,  C10M2201/053 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2205/20 ,  C10M2207/021 ,  C10M2207/20 ,  C10M2227/04 ,  C10M2229/0435 ,  C10M2229/0445 ,  C10N2210/07 ,  C10N2220/082 ,  C10N2240/20 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  H01L2224/73253 ,  C08L83/00 ,  C10N2210/03 ,  C10N2210/05 ,  C10N2210/04 ,  C10N2210/02

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoconducting silicone composition having a viscosity at 25° C. before curing of 10-1,000 Pa·s, a method of installing the composition, and a heat dissipating structure comprising the silicone composition.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种热固化硅氧烷组合物，其固化前的25℃下的粘度为10-1000帕，安装该组合物的方法，以及包含硅氧烷组合物的散热结构。

公开(公告)号：US20040239105A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-02

申请号：US10765837

申请日：2004-01-29

Inventor： Keishi Matsumoto ,  Kunio Goto ,  Toshiro Anraku ,  Shigeo Nagasaku ,  Hideo Yamamoto

IPC: F16L009/00

CPC classification number: C10M177/00 ,  C10M2201/062 ,  C10M2201/0623 ,  C10M2201/103 ,  C10M2201/1033 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/1006 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2207/0285 ,  C10M2207/2623 ,  C10M2207/281 ,  C10M2207/2815 ,  C10M2219/046 ,  C10M2219/0463 ,  C10N2240/22 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C10N2250/14 ,  E21B17/042 ,  F16L15/004 ,  F16L58/182 ,  Y10T428/1393

Abstract: A threaded joint for steel pipes comprising a pin 1 and a box 2 each having a contact surface comprising a threaded portion 3 or 4 and an unthreaded metal contact portion 8 is provided with improved anti-galling propertied by forming a lubricating coating on the contact surface of at least one of the pin and the box, the lubricating coating exhibiting a self-repairing function by liquid lubrication and having a decreased greasiness. The lubricating coating is (1) a coating which comprises a lower lubricant layer which is in liquid form in the temperature range of above 0null C. and below 40null C. and an upper lubricant layer which is in solid form at 40null C., or (2) a coating which is semi-solid or solid at 40null C. and is formed of a mixture comprising a lubricating oil which is in liquid form in the temperature range of above 0null C. and below 40null C. and a wax which is in solid form at 40null C., the mixture preferably having been heated so as to liquefy the wax and dissolve in each other the wax and lubricant oil.

Abstract translation: 一种用于钢管的螺纹接头，其包括销1和盒2，每个具有包括螺纹部分3或4的接触表面和无螺纹金属接触部分8的盒子2具有通过在接触表面上形成润滑涂层而具有改进的防磨损 的销和盒中的至少一个，润滑涂层通过液体润滑显示出自修复功能并且具有降低的油脂性。 润滑涂层是（1）涂层，其包括在0℃以上且低于40℃的温度范围内为液态的下润滑剂层，以及在40℃为固体形式的上润滑剂层 ，或（2）在40℃下为半固体或固体的涂层，并且由包含在0℃以上且低于40℃的温度范围内为液态的润滑油的混合物形成的涂层 和在40℃下为固体形式的蜡，所述混合物优选已被加热以使蜡液化并彼此溶解蜡和润滑油。