摘要:
Provided are atomic layer deposition apparatus and methods including a gas distribution plate comprising at least one gas injector unit. Each gas injector unit comprises a plurality of elongate gas injectors including at least two first reactive gas injectors and at least one second reactive gas injector, the at least two first reactive gas injectors surrounding the at least one second reactive gas injector. Also provided are atomic layer deposition apparatuses and methods including a gas distribution plate with a plurality of gas injector units.
摘要:
Provided are atomic layer deposition apparatus and methods including a gas distribution plate comprising at least one gas injector unit. Each gas injector unit comprises a plurality of elongate gas injectors including at least two first reactive gas injectors and at least one second reactive gas injector, the at least two first reactive gas injectors surrounding the at least one second reactive gas injector. Also provided are atomic layer deposition apparatuses and methods including a gas distribution plate with a plurality of gas injector units.
摘要:
Methods for preparing a substrate for a subsequent film formation process are described. Methods for preparing a substrate for a subsequent film formation process, without immersion in an aqueous solution, are also described. A process is described that includes disposing a substrate into a process chamber, the substrate having a thermal oxide surface with substantially no reactive surface terminations. The thermal oxide surface is exposed to a partial pressure of water above the saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of the substrate to convert the dense thermal oxide with substantially no reactive surface terminations to a surface with hydroxyl surface terminations. This can occur in the presence of a Lewis base such as ammonia.
摘要:
A multi-piece projectile for a small arms cartridge includes a metal cup that has a bore, a plastic sheath having a through hole and a high-density core. The cup is a cylindrical metal structure having a bore. The sheath is a cylindrical end and a conical end and a through hole. The core is a cylindrical structure having conical end and a blunt end. The projectile is assembled by placing the core in the through hole of the sheath and then pressing the sheath into the bore of the cup. The assembled projectile is attached to the cartridge by crimping the cup to the orifice in the end of the cartridge casing after it is filled with the propellant. When the projectile is fired all of the components remain coupled together but break apart upon impact with a target. Because the core has a higher mass than the other components the components separate very easily, the majority of the kinetic energy remains in the core. Once separated from the other components, the core is able to penetrate through various protective materials.
摘要:
Methods for deposition of elemental metal films on surfaces using metal coordination complexes comprising nitrogen-containing ligands are provided. Also provided are nitrogen-containing ligands useful in the methods of the invention and metal coordination complexes comprising these ligands.
摘要:
A lung volume reduction system is disclosed comprising an implantable device adapted to be delivered to a lung airway of a patient in a delivery configuration and to change to a deployed configuration to bend the lung airway. The invention also discloses a method of bending a lung airway of a patient comprising inserting a device into the airway in a delivery configuration and bending the device into a deployed configuration, thereby bending the airway.
摘要:
A network failover apparatus and method for use in a client-server system. The method includes establishing at least a first and further path between a client and a server. The first path connects the server to the client through a first network and a first interface of the client and the further path connects the server to the client through a further network that is separate from the first network and a further interface of the client. The method also includes reaching the server through the first interface, detecting that the server is no longer reachable through the first interface, and identifying the first interface as failed. The method also includes reaching the server through the further interface after the first interface is identified as failed, testing the first interface to determine whether the server is reachable while the server is reachable through the further interface, and reestablishing a connection to the server through the first interface.
摘要:
An apparatus for offloading network, block and file functions from an operating system comprises a network interface coupled to a network for receiving packet flows; one or more processors each having one or more processor cores; a computer-readable medium carrying one or more operating systems and an input/output networking stack which are hosted in one or more of the processor cores. The networking stack is shared among the operating systems. The networking stack comprises instructions which when executed cause receiving a request for data transfer from one of the operating systems at internal network, block and file system interfaces, and permitting data to be transferred between the internal interfaces and a plurality of external interfaces by preventing the operating systems from performing the data transfer and performing the data transfer on behalf of the operating systems.
摘要:
A multi-piece projectile for a small arms cartridge includes a metal cup that has a bore, a plastic sheath having a through hole and a high-density core. The cup is a cylindrical metal structure having a bore. The sheath is a cylindrical end and a conical end and a through hole. The core is a cylindrical structure having conical end and a blunt end. The projectile is assembled by placing the core in the through hole of the sheath and then pressing the sheath into the bore of the cup. The assembled projectile is attached to the cartridge by crimping the cup to the orifice in the end of the cartridge casing after it is filled with the propellant. When the projectile is fired all of the components remain coupled together but break apart upon impact with a target. Because the core has a higher mass than the other components the components separate very easily, the majority of the kinetic energy remains in the core. Once separated from the other components, the core is able to penetrate through various protective materials.
摘要:
Systems and methods that automatically arrange, or re-arrange, object nodes in a diagram such that the total length of all associations between nodes and the number of overlapping associations is reduced or minimized. In mathematical terms, the process simplifies the graphical representation of an arbitrary graph. In one aspect, processes of the invention use a physical model of particle interactions to determine a minimal energy state, with object nodes modeled as particles and the associations between the object nodes modeled as interaction forces. Perturbations applied to the system allow for a determination of a minimal energy state.