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    Spectrally-Engineered Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Devices
    11.
    发明申请
    Spectrally-Engineered Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Devices 有权
    光谱工程太阳能热光伏器件

    公开(公告)号：US20160164451A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-06-09

    申请号：US14529578

    申请日：2014-10-31

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Andrej Lenert ,  David Bierman ,  Walker Chan ,  Ivan Celanovic ,  Marin Soljacic ,  Evelyn N. Wang ,  Young Suk Nam ,  Kenneth McEnaney ,  Daniel Kraemer ,  Gang Chen

    IPC: H02S10/30 ,  H01L31/0216

    CPC classification number: H02S10/30 ,  H01L31/02164

    Abstract: A solar thermal photovoltaic device, and method of forming same, includes a solar absorber and a spectrally selective emitter formed on either side of a thermally conductive substrate. The solar absorber is configured to absorb incident solar radiation. The solar absorber and the spectrally selective emitter are configured with an optimized emitter-to-absorber area ratio. The solar thermal photovoltaic device also includes a photovoltaic cell in thermal communication with the spectrally selective emitter. The spectrally selective emitter is configured to permit high emittance for energies above a bandgap of the photovoltaic cell and configured to permit low emittance for energies below the bandgap.

    Abstract translation: 太阳能热光伏器件及其形成方法包括形成在导热基板两侧的太阳能吸收器和光谱选择性发射极。 太阳能吸收器被配置成吸收入射的太阳辐射。 太阳能吸收器和光谱选择性发射器配置有优化的发射极 - 吸收器面积比。 太阳能热光伏器件还包括与光谱选择性发射体热连通的光伏电池。 光谱选择性发射器被配置为允许高于光伏电池的带隙的能量的高发射率，并且被配置为允许低于能带隙的能量的低发射率。

    Fabrication of stable electrode/diffusion barrier layers for thermoelectric filled skutterudite devices
    12.
    发明授权
    Fabrication of stable electrode/diffusion barrier layers for thermoelectric filled skutterudite devices 有权
    用于热电填充方钴矿器件的稳定电极/扩散阻挡层的制造

    公开(公告)号：US09209378B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-08

    申请号：US14310840

    申请日：2014-06-20

    Applicant: University of Houston System ,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Qing Jie ,  Zhifeng Ren ,  Gang Chen

    IPC: H01L21/00 ,  H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/20 ,  H01L35/22 ,  H01L35/08

    CPC classification number: H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/08 ,  H01L35/14 ,  H01L35/20 ,  H01L35/22

    Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the manufacture of n-type and p-type filled skutterudite thermoelectric legs of an electrical contact. A first material of CoSi2 and a dopant are ball-milled to form a first powder which is thermo-mechanically processed with a second powder of n-type skutterudite to form a n-type skutterudite layer disposed between a first layer and a third layer of the doped-CoSi2. In addition, a plurality of components such as iron, and nickel, and at least one of cobalt or chromium are ball-milled form a first powder that is thermo-mechanically processed with a p-type skutterudite layer to form a p-type skutterudite layer “second layer” disposed between a first and a third layer of the first powder. The specific contact resistance between the first layer and the skutterudite layer for both the n-type and the p-type skutterudites subsequent to hot-pressing is less than about 10.0 μΩ·cm2.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于制造电触头的n型和p型填充方钴矿热电腿的方法。 将CoSi 2和掺杂剂的第一材料球磨以形成用n型方钴矿的第二粉末热机械加工的第一粉末，以形成设置在第一层和第三层之间的n型方钴矿层 掺杂CoSi2。 此外，将多种组分如铁和镍以及至少一种钴或铬球磨成形成第一粉末，其用p型方钴矿层热机械加工以形成p型方钴矿 层“第二层”设置在第一和第三层之间。 在热压之后的n型和p型方钴矿的第一层和方钴矿层之间的特定接触电阻小于约10.0μΩ·cmgr·cm 2。

    Silica Aerogels And Their Preparation
    13.
    发明申请
    Silica Aerogels And Their Preparation 有权
    二氧化硅气凝胶及其制备

    公开(公告)号：US20150321921A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-11-12

    申请号：US14747996

    申请日：2015-06-23

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Taofang Zeng ,  Yanijia Zuo ,  Gang Chen

    IPC: C01B33/14

    CPC classification number: C01B33/14 ,  C01B33/1585 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  C04B14/064

    Abstract: Silica aerogels with improved properties are disclosed together with methods for synthesizing such aerogels. The improved properties include lower thermal conductivity (better insulating capacity), lower acoustic velocity, lower dielectric constant and improved ductility. Greater tunability of the refractive index can also be achieved. The silica aerogels are prepared by a sol-gel processing method that provides better control of the formation or aerogel structures. Generally speaking, the improvements arise from control of the synthesis to create a morphology of primary clusters and diverse-sized secondary clusters of dense silica aerogels separated by less densely packed regions. By providing a broader range of secondary clusters and/or pore sizes and loose connectivity between clusters, reductions can be achieved in thermal conductivity and flexural modulus.

    Abstract translation: 公开了具有改进性能的二氧化硅气凝胶以及合成这种气凝胶的方法。 改进的性能包括较低的热导率（更好的绝缘能力），更低的声速，更低的介电常数和更好的延展性。 也可以实现更高的折射率的可调性。 二氧化硅气凝胶通过溶胶 - 凝胶加工方法制备，其提供对形成或气凝胶结构的更好控制。 一般来说，改进是由合成的控制产生的，以形成一个初级团簇的形态和由密度较小的区域分开的致密二氧化硅气凝胶的不同大小的二级团簇。 通过提供更广泛的次级簇和/或孔径和簇之间的松散连通性，可以在热导率和挠曲模量方面实现降低。

    Solid state cloaking for electrical charge carrier mobility control
    15.
    发明授权
    Solid state cloaking for electrical charge carrier mobility control 有权
    固态掩蔽用于电荷载流子移动控制

    公开(公告)号：US09076712B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-07-07

    申请号：US14017421

    申请日：2013-09-04

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Mona Zebarjadi ,  Bolin Liao ,  Keivan Esfarjani ,  Gang Chen

    IPC: H01L29/15 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/772 ,  H01L29/778 ,  H01L29/12 ,  H01L29/16 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/10

    CPC classification number: H01L29/158 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/1075 ,  H01L29/122 ,  H01L29/1606 ,  H01L29/66977 ,  H01L29/7727 ,  H01L29/7786

    Abstract: An electrical mobility-controlled material includes a solid state host material having a controllable Fermi energy level and electrical charge carriers with a charge carrier mobility. At least one Fermi level energy at which a peak in charge carrier mobility is to occur is prespecified for the host material. A plurality of particles are distributed in the host material, with at least one particle disposed with an effective mass and a radius that minimize scattering of the electrical charge carriers for the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy of peak charge carrier mobility. The minimized scattering of electrical charge carriers produces the peak charge carrier mobility only at the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy, set by the particle effective mass and radius, the charge carrier mobility being less than the peak charge carrier mobility at Fermi level energies other than the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy.

    Abstract translation: 电迁移率控制材料包括具有可控费米能级的固态主体材料和具有电荷载流子迁移率的电荷载流子。 对于主体材料，预先规定要发生电荷载流子迁移率峰值的至少一个费米能级能量。 多个颗粒分布在主体材料中，其中至少一个颗粒以有效质量和半径排列，该颗粒和半径最小化电荷载流子对峰值电荷载流子迁移率的至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量的散射。 电荷载流子的最小化散射仅在由颗粒有效质量和半径设定的至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量下产生峰电荷载流子迁移率，电荷载流子迁移率小于费米能级能量下的峰值电荷载流子迁移率 比至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量。

    Nanocomposites with high thermoelectric figures of merit
    16.
    发明授权
    Nanocomposites with high thermoelectric figures of merit 有权
    具有高热值性能的纳米复合材料

    公开(公告)号：US09011763B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

    申请号：US13623459

    申请日：2012-09-20

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ,  The Trustees of Boston College

    Inventor： Gang Chen ,  Mildred Dresselhaus ,  Zhifeng Ren

    IPC: B22F3/14 ,  C22C1/04 ,  H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/14 ,  B29C43/36 ,  H01L35/16 ,  H01L35/22

    CPC classification number: B29C43/36 ,  H01L35/16 ,  H01L35/22 ,  Y10S257/00 ,  Y10T428/2938

    Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to nanocomposite thermoelectric materials that exhibit enhanced thermoelectric properties. The nanocomposite materials include two or more components, with at least one of the components forming nano-sized structures within the composite material. The components are chosen such that thermal conductivity of the composite is decreased without substantially diminishing the composite's electrical conductivity. Suitable component materials exhibit similar electronic band structures. For example, a band-edge gap between at least one of a conduction band or a valence band of one component material and a corresponding band of the other component material at interfaces between the components can be less than about 5kBT, wherein kB is the Boltzman constant and T is an average temperature of said nanocomposite composition.

    Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及显示增强的热电性质的纳米复合热电材料。 纳米复合材料包括两种或多种组分，其中至少一种组分在复合材料内形成纳米尺寸的结构。 选择这些组分使得复合材料的热导率降低而基本上不会降低复合材料的导电性。 合适的组分材料表现出类似的电子带结构。 例如，在一个组分材料的导带或价带中的至少一个与组分之间的界面处的另一组分材料的相应带之间的带边间隙可以小于约5kBT，其中kB是玻尔兹曼 常数，T是所述纳米复合材料组合物的平均温度。

    Solid State Cloaking for Electrical Charge Carrier Mobility Control
    17.
    发明申请
    Solid State Cloaking for Electrical Charge Carrier Mobility Control 有权
    固态掩蔽电荷载体移动控制

    公开(公告)号：US20140070167A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-13

    申请号：US14017421

    申请日：2013-09-04

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Mona Zebarjadi ,  Bolin Liao ,  Keivan Esfarjani ,  Gang Chen

    IPC: H01L29/15

    CPC classification number: H01L29/158 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L29/1075 ,  H01L29/122 ,  H01L29/1606 ,  H01L29/66977 ,  H01L29/7727 ,  H01L29/7786

    Abstract: An electrical mobility-controlled material includes a solid state host material having a controllable Fermi energy level and electrical charge carriers with a charge carrier mobility. At least one Fermi level energy at which a peak in charge carrier mobility is to occur is prespecified for the host material. A plurality of particles are distributed in the host material, with at least one particle disposed with an effective mass and a radius that minimize scattering of the electrical charge carriers for the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy of peak charge carrier mobility. The minimized scattering of electrical charge carriers produces the peak charge carrier mobility only at the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy, set by the particle effective mass and radius, the charge carrier mobility being less than the peak charge carrier mobility at Fermi level energies other than the at least one prespecified Fermi level energy.

    Abstract translation: 电迁移率控制材料包括具有可控费米能级的固态主体材料和具有电荷载流子迁移率的电荷载流子。 对于主体材料，预先规定要发生电荷载流子迁移率峰值的至少一个费米能级能量。 多个颗粒分布在主体材料中，其中至少一个颗粒以有效质量和半径排列，该颗粒和半径最小化电荷载流子对峰值电荷载流子迁移率的至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量的散射。 电荷载流子的最小化散射仅在由颗粒有效质量和半径设定的至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量下产生峰电荷载流子迁移率，电荷载流子迁移率小于费米能级能量下的峰值电荷载流子迁移率 比至少一个预先指定的费米能级能量。

    TRANSPARENT, ANTI-FOG TAPE OR FILM AND RELATED DEVICES AND METHODS
    18.
    发明申请
    TRANSPARENT, ANTI-FOG TAPE OR FILM AND RELATED DEVICES AND METHODS 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20220403220A1

    公开(公告)日：2022-12-22

    申请号：US17833101

    申请日：2022-06-06

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Gang Chen ,  Xuanhe Zhao ,  Shaoting Lin ,  Yoichiro Tsurimaki

    IPC: C09J183/06 ,  C09J7/30 ,  C09J7/24

    Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a stretchable anti-fogging tape (SAT) that can be applied to diverse transparent materials with varied curvatures for persistent fogging prevention. The SAT comprises three synergistically-combined transparent layers: i) a stretchable middle layer with high elastic recovery to keep transparent materials tightly bound; ii) an anti-fogging top layer to impart hydrophilicity to transparent materials; and iii) an adhesive bottom layer to form robust yet reversible adhesion between transparent materials and SATs. The SAT can be configured to have water condensate form a predominantly continuous film thereon in response to a high humidity environment At least two applications are demonstrated, including the SAT-adhered eyeglasses and goggles for clear fog-free vision, and the SAT-adhered condensation cover for efficient solar-powered freshwater production.

    FLEXO-ELECTRIC BROADBAND PHOTO-DETECTORS AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATORS
    19.
    发明申请
    FLEXO-ELECTRIC BROADBAND PHOTO-DETECTORS AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATORS 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20220173303A1

    公开(公告)日：2022-06-02

    申请号：US17463483

    申请日：2021-08-31

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Svetlana V. Boriskina ,  Bruno Lorenzi ,  Gang Chen ,  Yoichiro Tsurimaki

    IPC: H01L41/193 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H01L31/112

    Abstract: Photo-detectors disclosed include at least one of a thin film or a heterostructure of photo-sensitive material and a pair of Ohmic contacts coupled to the at least one of the thin film or the heterostructure. The at least one of the thin film or the heterostructure is configured to be under a strain gradient to induce shift current flow within the material to perform photo-detection in a frequency range that includes a mid-infrared frequency range. The photo-detectors provided for can include a variety of configurations, such as a lateral configuration or a vertical configuration, and can operate in self-powered and negative illumination regimes. Associated methods are also provided, which can include inducing a strain gradient and performing photo-detection in a frequency range that includes a mid-infrared frequency range.

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