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公开(公告)号：US5908896A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US586038
申请日：1996-01-16
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B01J13/00 , B01J13/0091 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： Organic aerogel microspheres which can be used in capacitors, batteries, thermal insulation, adsorption/filtration media, and chromatographic packings, having diameters ranging from about 1 micron to about 3 mm. The microspheres can be pyrolyzed to form carbon aerogel microspheres. This method involves stirring the aqueous organic phase in mineral oil at elevated temperature until the dispersed organic phase polymerizes and forms nonsticky gel spheres. The size of the microspheres depends on the collision rate of the liquid droplets and the reaction rate of the monomers from which the aqueous solution is formed. The collision rate is governed by the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the mineral oil and the shear rate, while the reaction rate is governed by the chemical formulation and the curing temperature.
摘要翻译： 可用于电容器，电池，绝热，吸附/过滤介质和色谱填料的有机气凝胶微球，其直径范围为约1微米至约3毫米。 微球可以热解形成碳气凝胶微球。 该方法包括在升高的温度下在矿物油中搅拌含水有机相，直到分散的有机相聚合并形成不粘的凝胶球。 微球的大小取决于液滴的碰撞速率和形成水溶液的单体的反应速率。 碰撞率由水溶液与矿物油的体积比和剪切速率决定，反应速率由化学配方和固化温度决定。
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公开(公告)号：US5789338A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US619393
申请日：1996-03-20
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.
摘要翻译： 描述了包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。 衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛和相关聚合物的热解的泡沫体具有高密度（0.1g / cc-1.0g / cc）的导电性，并具有高的表面积（400m2 / g-1000m2 / g）。 实现了每克电极数十法拉的数量级。
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公开(公告)号：US5601938A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US183876
申请日：1994-01-21
CPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M4/92
摘要： A direct energy conversion device, such as a fuel cell, using carbon aerogel electrodes, wherein the carbon aerogel is loaded with a noble catalyst, such as platinum or rhodium and soaked with phosphoric acid, for example. A separator is located between the electrodes, which are placed in a cylinder having plate current collectors positioned adjacent the electrodes and connected to a power supply, and a pair of gas manifolds, containing hydrogen and oxygen positioned adjacent the current collectors. Due to the high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels, the problems relative to high polarization resistance of carbon composite electrodes conventionally used in fuel cells are overcome.
摘要翻译： 直接能量转换装置，例如使用碳气凝胶电极的燃料电池，其中碳气凝胶装载有贵金属催化剂，例如铂或铑，并用磷酸浸泡。 分离器位于电极之间，其被放置在具有邻近电极定位并且连接到电源的板集流器的气缸中，以及一对包含位于集流器附近的氢和氧的气体歧管。 由于碳气凝胶的高表面积和优异的导电性，克服了常规用于燃料电池中的碳复合电极的高极化电阻的问题。
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14.发明授权Method for forming a cell separator for use in bipolar-stack energy storage devices 失效用于形成用于双极堆叠储能装置的电池隔板的方法
公开(公告)号：US5336274A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US90881
申请日：1993-07-08
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/0213 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
摘要翻译： 改进的多单元电化学能量存储装置，例如电池，燃料电池或使用电池隔板的双层电容器，其允许电池以低电阻和高可靠性堆叠和互连，同时最大限度地提高包装效率。 通过添加重复单元，可以获得更高的电压。 通过在热分解之前或之后，在相邻的碳电极或一对相邻电池的气凝胶电极的表面的相对表面上施加有机粘合剂来形成电池隔板，以形成碳气凝胶电极。 细胞分离器是电子导电的，但是离子隔离，防止堆叠中相邻细胞之间的电解传导路径。
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公开(公告)号：US5393619A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US229239
申请日：1994-04-18
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/0213 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
摘要翻译： 改进的多单元电化学能量存储装置，例如电池，燃料电池或使用电池隔板的双层电容器，其允许电池以低电阻和高可靠性堆叠和互连，同时最大限度地提高包装效率。 通过添加重复单元，可以获得更高的电压。 通过在热分解之前或之后，在相邻的碳电极或一对相邻电池的气凝胶电极的表面的相对表面上施加有机粘合剂来形成电池隔板，以形成碳气凝胶电极。 细胞分离器是电子导电的，但是离子隔离，防止堆叠中相邻细胞之间的电解传导路径。
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公开(公告)号：US5636437A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US440168
申请日：1995-05-12
CPC分类号： H01M4/587 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/96 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4691 , Y02P70/54 , Y10T29/49117
摘要： Fabrication of conductive solid porous carbon electrodes for use in batteries, double layer capacitors, fuel cells, capacitive dionization, and waste treatment. Electrodes fabricated from low surface area (
摘要翻译： 用于电池，双层电容器，燃料电池，电容式去离子和废物处理的导电固体多孔碳电极的制造。 由低表面积（<50m2 / gm）石墨和焦炭制成的电极表现出优异的可逆锂嵌入特性，使其成为高压锂离子（锂离子）电池中用作阳极的理想选择。 具有较高表面积的电极由碳黑气凝胶粉末，碳气凝胶微球，活性炭等制成，产生具有优异双层容量的高导电性碳复合材料，可用于双层电容器，或用于双层电容器 液体流的电容去离子和/或废物处理。 通过添加高表面积碳的金属催化剂，可以制造燃料电池电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5609972A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US610388
申请日：1996-03-04
CPC分类号： H01M2/345 , H01M2/1241 , H01M2/34 , H01M2200/10 , H01M6/16
摘要： A cell pressure control system is disclosed which includes a conductive frangible tab which tears in response to a defined pressure. The frangible tab is affixed at one position to a stationary member and at another position to a deflection member which deflects in response to increasing internal cell pressure. When the cell pressure increases to a dangerous level, the deflection member exerts sufficient pressure on the frangible tab to cause it to break. When the tab breaks, the cell goes to open circuit, thus reducing the danger of continued pressure build up. If the cell's internal pressure continues to increase even after the pressure contact is opened, a second stage of the pressure control mechanism may be activated. Specifically, a pressure rupturable region in the above-mentioned deflection member will rupture and release the cell's internal pressure.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电池压力控制系统，其包括响应于限定压力而撕裂的导电易碎片。 易碎翼片在一个位置处固定到固定构件，并且在另一位置附接到偏转构件，该偏转构件响应于增加的内部单元压力而偏转。 当电池压力增加到危险水平时，偏转构件对易碎片施加足够的压力以使其破裂。 当标签断裂时，电池开路，从而降低持续压力积聚的危险。 即使在压力接触打开之后电池的内部压力也继续增加，压力控制机构的第二级可以被激活。 具体地，上述偏转构件中的压力破裂区域将破裂并释放电池的内部压力。
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公开(公告)号：US09109295B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-18
申请号：US12577619
申请日：2009-10-12
摘要： An electroplating apparatus for filling recessed features on a semiconductor substrate includes an electrolyte concentrator configured for concentrating an electrolyte having Cu2+ ions to form a concentrated electrolyte solution that would have been supersaturated at 20° C. The electrolyte is maintained at a temperature that is higher than 20° C., such as at least at about 40° C. The apparatus further includes a concentrated electrolyte reservoir and a plating cell, where the plating cell is configured for electroplating with concentrated electrolyte at a temperature of at least about 40° C. Electroplating with electrolytes having Cu2+ concentration of at least about 60 g/L at temperatures of at least about 40° C. results in very fast copper deposition rates, and is particularly well-suited for filling large, high aspect ratio features, such as through-silicon vias.
摘要翻译： 用于在半导体衬底上填充凹陷特征的电镀设备包括电解质浓缩器，其被配置用于浓缩具有Cu 2+离子的电解质，以形成在20℃下已经过饱和的浓缩电解质溶液。电解质保持在高于 20℃，例如至少约40℃。该设备还包括浓缩电解质储存器和电镀池，其中电镀单元被配置为在至少约40℃的温度下用浓缩电解质电镀。 在至少约40℃的温度下，具有Cu2 +浓度至少约60g / L的电解质的电镀导致非常快的铜沉积速率，并且特别适合于填充大的高纵横比特征，例如通过 硅通孔。
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19.发明授权Copper electroplating process for uniform across wafer deposition and void free filling on semi-noble metal coated wafers 有权铜电镀工艺，用于跨晶片沉积均匀并在半贵金属涂覆的晶片上无空隙填充公开(公告)号：US08513124B1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-20
申请号：US12785205
申请日：2010-05-21
IPC分类号： H01L21/44
CPC分类号： H01L21/76873 , C25D3/38 , C25D5/18 , C25D5/50 , C25D7/123 , H01L21/2885 , H01L21/76843 , H01L21/76864 , H01L2221/1089
摘要： Disclosed are methods of depositing a copper seed layer to be used for subsequent electroplating a bulk-layer of copper thereon. A copper seed layer may be deposited with different processes, including CVD, PVD, and electroplating. With electroplating methods for depositing a copper seed layer, disclosed are methods for depositing a copper alloy seed layer, methods for depositing a copper seed layer on the semi-noble metal layer with a non-corrosive electrolyte, methods of treating the semi-noble metal layer that the copper seed layer is deposited on, and methods for promoting a more uniform copper seed layer deposition across a semiconductor wafer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种沉积铜籽晶层的方法，该铜籽晶层用于随后电镀铜的体层。 铜种子层可以以不同的工艺沉积，包括CVD，PVD和电镀。 利用用于沉积铜籽晶层的电镀方法，公开了用于沉积铜合金晶种层的方法，用非腐蚀性电解质在半贵金属层上沉积铜籽晶层的方法，处理半贵金属的方法 沉积铜籽晶层的层，以及用于促进越过半导体晶片的更均匀的铜籽晶层沉积的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US08500985B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-06
申请号：US11827800
申请日：2007-07-13
CPC分类号： C25D5/022 , C25F5/00 , H05K3/07 , H05K3/108 , H05K2203/0108 , H05K2203/0392 , H05K2203/0537 , H05K2203/0713
摘要： Selectively accelerated or selectively inhibited metal deposition is performed to form metal structures of an electronic device. A desired pattern of an accelerator or of an inhibitor is applied to the substrate; for example, by stamping the substrate with a patterned stamp or spraying a solution using an inkjet printer. In other embodiments, a global layer of accelerator or inhibitor is applied to a substrate and selectively modified in a desired pattern. Thereafter, selective metal deposition is performed.
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