Abstract:
A memory system includes; a memory device, a memory controller including a first interface, a second interface, and a first data processor having a first error correction code (ECC) engine, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) including a third interface connected to the first interface, a fourth interface connected to the second interface, a fifth interface connected to an external host, and a second data processor having a second ECC engine. The memory controller may configure a normal write operation path or highly reliable write operation path.
Abstract:
A list decoding method for a polar code includes generating a tree-type decoding graph for input codeword symbols; the generating a tree-type decoding graph including, generating a decoding path list to which a decoding edge is added based on a reliability of a decoding path, the decoding path list being generated such that, among decoding paths generated based on the decoding edge, decoding paths within a threshold number of critical paths survive within the decoding path list in an order of high likelihood probability, and determining an estimation value, which corresponds to a decoding path having a maximum likelihood probability from among decoding paths of the decoding path list, as an information word.
Abstract:
A method of estimating a deterioration state of a memory device comprises reading data from selected memory cells connected to a selected wordline of a memory cell array by applying to the selected wordline a plurality of distinct read voltages having values corresponding to at least one valley of threshold voltage distributions of the selected memory cells, generating quality estimation information indicating states of the threshold voltage distributions using the data read from the selected memory cells, and determining a deterioration state of a storage area including the selected memory cells based on the generated quality estimation information.
Abstract:
Provided is an operating method of a memory controller which comprises receiving first decision data of M bits from a memory device, where M is a natural number; converting the M-bit first decision data into second decision data of N bits, where N is a natural number less than M; and attempting a first decoding using the second decision data.
Abstract:
A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device that includes a plurality of pages, each of which includes a plurality of memory cells, and a controller that receives first write data expressed by 2m states (m being an integer greater than 1) from an external host device. The controller in a first operating mode shapes the first write data to second write data, which are expressed by “k” states (k being an integer greater than 2) smaller in number than the 2m states, performs first error correction encoding on the second write data to generate third write data expressed by the “k” states, and transmits the third write data to the nonvolatile memory device for writing at a selected page from the plurality of pages.
Abstract:
A decoder including a main memory, a flag memory and a decoding logic is provided. The flag memory is configured to store flag data and the decoding logic configured to perform an iteration. Further, the decoding logic is configured to: perform an ith operation using first data, wherein i is a natural number, flag-encode second data that is results obtained by performing the ith operation on the first data, store results obtained by performing the flag encoding on the second data in the flag memory as first flag data if the flag encoding succeeds, and store predetermined second flag data that is different from the first flag data of the second data in the flag memory if the flag encoding fails.
Abstract:
A low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder may include a variable node processing unit and a check node processing unit. The check node processing unit includes memory elements storing a check node value. The memory elements are interconnected through two or more paths, and each of the paths may include a total or partial cyclic permutation of the memory elements to transmit the check node value.
Abstract:
An operating method of a controller includes selecting bits of code word to be punctured; detecting locations of incapable bits of an input word based on locations of the bits to be punctured and a structure of a generation matrix calculation unit; refreezing the input word such that frozen bits and incapable bits of the input word overlap; generating input word bits by replacing information word bits with frozen bits based on the refreezing result; generating the code word by performing generation matrix calculation on the input word bits; generating output bits by puncturing the code word based on locations of the bits to be punctured; and transmitting the output bits to a nonvolatile memory device.
Abstract:
An operating method of a nonvolatile memory device controller includes generating a code word through polar encoding of information bits, reading a mapping pattern, generating a repeated mapping pattern through iteration of the mapping pattern, and mapping each bit of the code word onto a specific bit of multi-bit data of the nonvolatile memory device, based upon the repeated mapping pattern.