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公开(公告)号：US20100331170A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-30
申请号：US12492834
申请日：2009-06-26
Applicant: Shekar Balagopal , Marc Flinders
Inventor： Shekar Balagopal , Marc Flinders
IPC: C04B35/50 , C04B35/14 , C04B35/447
CPC classification number: C04B35/16 , C01B25/38 , C04B35/19 , C04B35/462 , C04B35/481 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3203 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3241 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3272 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/3291 , C04B2235/447 , C04B2235/76 , C04B2235/77 , C04B2235/9692 , H01M10/054
Abstract: Metal ion conducting ceramic materials are disclosed having characteristics of high ion conductivity for certain alkali and monovalent metal ions at low temperatures, high selectivity for the metal ions, good current efficiency and stability in water and corrosive media under static and electrochemical conditions. The metal ion conducting ceramic materials are fabricated to be deficient in the metal ion. One general formulation of the metal ion conducting ceramic materials is Me1+x+y−zMIIIyMIV2−ySixP3−xO12−z/2, wherein Me is Na+, Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, or mixtures thereof, 2.0≦x≦2.4, 0.0≦y≦1.0, and 0.05≦z≦0.9, where MIII is Al3+, Ga3+, Cr3+, Sc3+, Fe3+, In3+, Yb3+, Y3+, or mixtures thereof and MIV is Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, or mixtures thereof.
Abstract translation: 公开了金属离子传导陶瓷材料，其在低温下对于某些碱金属离子和一价金属离子具有高离子传导性，对于金属离子具有高选择性，在静态和电化学条件下具有良好的电流效率以及水和腐蚀介质中的稳定性。 金属离子导电陶瓷材料被制造为缺乏金属离子。 金属离子传导陶瓷材料的一般公式是Me1 + x + y-zMIIIyMIV2-ySixP3-xO12-z / 2，其中Me是Na +，Li +，K +，Rb +，Cs +，Ag +或其混合物，2.0＆nlE; x＆ 其中M III为Al3 +，Ga3 +，Cr3 +，Sc3 +，Fe3 +，In3 +，Yb3 +，Y3 +或其混合物，MIV为Ti4 +，Zr4 +，Hf4 +，或 其混合物。
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12.发明授权Electrolytic method to make alkali alcoholates using ceramic ion conducting solid membranes 有权使用陶瓷离子传导固体膜制备碱性醇盐的电解方法公开(公告)号：US07824536B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-02
申请号：US11449953
申请日：2006-06-09
Applicant: Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendleton , Robin Richards
Inventor： Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendleton , Robin Richards
IPC: C25B3/00
CPC classification number: B01D61/44 , B01D69/02 , B01D69/04 , B01D71/02 , B01D2323/12 , B01D2325/26 , C04B35/16 , C04B35/447 , C04B35/481 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/447 , C04B2235/79 , C25B3/12 , C25B9/08 , C25B13/04
Abstract: Disclosed are processes of making solutions of alkali alkoxides in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methoxide in methanol is made from methanol and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, where the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is present in the anolyte compartment and a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol is present in the catholyte compartment, the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium ions under the influence of an electric potential, and wherein the composition of the solution of sodium methoxide in methanol in the catholyte compartment of the electrolytic cell comprises between at least about 2% by weight sodium methoxide and at most about 20% by weight sodium methoxide.
Abstract translation: 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备碱金属醇溶液的方法。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇中的甲醇钠由甲醇和氢氧化钠水溶液制成，其中氢氧化钠水溶液存在于阳极电解液室中，甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液存在于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室被分离 通过选择性地在电势的影响下输送钠离子的陶瓷膜，并且其中电解池的阴极电解液室中的甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液的组成包含至少约2重量％的甲醇钠和在 最多约20重量％的甲醇钠。
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13.发明申请ELECTROLYTIC METHOD TO MAKE ALKALI ALCOHOLATES USING ION CONDUCTING ALKALI ELECTROLYTE/SEPERATOR 有权使用离子导电碱性电解质/分离器制备碱性金属醇的电解方法公开(公告)号：US20080142373A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US11611054
申请日：2006-12-14
Applicant: Ashok V. Joshi , Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendelton
Inventor： Ashok V. Joshi , Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendelton
IPC: C25B3/12
Abstract: Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment and the buffer compartment. An alkali ion permeable separator is positioned between the buffer compartment and the catholyte compartment. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.
Abstract translation: 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 构造成选择性输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质位于阳极电解液室和缓冲室之间。 碱离子可渗透分离器位于缓冲室和阴极电解液室之间。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。
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公开(公告)号：US20080058201A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-06
申请号：US11837008
申请日：2007-08-10
Applicant: John Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
Inventor： John Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
IPC: B01J21/18 , B01J23/02 , B01J23/04 , B01J23/10 , B01J23/745 , B01J23/75 , B01J23/755
CPC classification number: C25B11/0463 , C23C18/1216 , C23C18/1254 , C23C18/127 , C23C18/1275 , H01M4/8875 , H01M4/9016 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , Y10S502/525 , Y10S516/901
Abstract: An improved gas diffusion electrode composed of a perovskite-type oxide dispersed in a mixture of carbon black and a hydrophobic binder polymer. An improved catalyst for use in the electrochemical reduction of oxygen comprising a perovskite-type compound having alpha and beta sites, and having a greater molar ratio of cations at the beta site. A particularly good reduction catalyst is a neodymium calcium manganite. An improved method of dispersing the catalysts with carbon in a reaction layer of the electrode improves performance of the electrode and the oxygen reduction process. This is provided by adding carbon black to an aqueous solution of metal salts before it is heated to a gel and then to a char and then calcined. Optionally, a quantity of the desired oxide catalyst can be premixed with a portion the carbon before adding the carbon to an aqueous solution of the metal salts to be heated. The amount of premixed metal oxide is chosen in conjunction with the amount of metal salts to provide the desired molar ratio after heating and calcining of the aqueous solution.
Abstract translation: 改进的气体扩散电极，其由分散在炭黑和疏水性粘合剂聚合物的混合物中的钙钛矿型氧化物组成。 用于电化学还原氧的改进的催化剂包括具有α和β位点的钙钛矿型化合物，并且在β位具有更大的阳离子摩尔比。 特别好的还原催化剂是钕钙锰矿。 将电催化剂用碳分散在电极的反应层中的改进方法提高了电极的性能和氧还原过程。 这是通过在金属盐的水溶液加热至凝胶然后加入炭然后煅烧之前将炭黑加入到水溶液中而提供的。 任选地，一定量的所需氧化物催化剂可以在将碳添加到待加热的金属盐的水溶液中之前与碳的一部分预混合。 联合金属盐的量选择预混合金属氧化物的量，以便在加热和煅烧水溶液之后提供所需的摩尔比。
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15.发明授权Electrolytic cell for making alkali alcoholates using ceramic ion conducting solid membranes 有权使用陶瓷离子传导固体膜制造碱性醇盐的电解池公开(公告)号：US08506790B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-13
申请号：US13079692
申请日：2011-04-04
Applicant: Shekar Balagopal , Vigod Matheda
Inventor： Shekar Balagopal , Vigod Matheda
IPC: C25B3/12
CPC classification number: B01D61/44 , B01D69/02 , B01D69/04 , B01D71/02 , B01D2323/12 , B01D2325/26 , C04B35/16 , C04B35/447 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3418 , C25B3/04 , C25B13/04
Abstract: Disclosed are electrolytic cells for making solutions of metal alcoholates in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methylate in methanol is made from methanol and sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium hydroxide solution is placed in the anolyte compartment and the methanol is placed in the catholyte compartment, and the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium under the influence of current. In preferred embodiments, the process is cost-effective and not environmentally harmful.
Abstract translation: 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备金属醇化物溶液的电解槽。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇钠在甲醇中由甲醇和氢氧化钠溶液制成。 将氢氧化钠溶液置于阳极电解液室中，将甲醇置于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室由在电流影响下选择性输送钠的陶瓷膜隔开。 在优选的实施方案中，该方法是成本有效的并且不是环境有害的。
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Patent Agency Ranking
16.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120043219A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-23
申请号：US13286908
申请日：2011-11-01
Applicant: Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Ashok V. Joshi , S. Elangovan , Shekar Balagopal , John Howard Gordon , Michele Hollist
Inventor： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Ashok V. Joshi , S. Elangovan , Shekar Balagopal , John Howard Gordon , Michele Hollist
IPC: C25B1/04
CPC classification number: C25B1/02 , C25B1/00 , C25B1/04 , C25B9/206 , H01M2008/1293 , Y02E60/364 , Y02E60/366
Abstract: A process is provided for synthesizing synthesis gas from carbon dioxide obtained from atmospheric air or other available carbon dioxide source and water using a sodium-conducting electrochemical cell. Synthesis gas is also produced by the coelectrolysis of carbon dioxide and steam in a solid oxide fuel cell or solid oxide electrolytic cell. The synthesis gas produced may then be further processed and eventually converted into a liquid fuel suitable for transportation or other applications.
Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用导电电化学电池从大气或其它有用的二氧化碳源和水中获得的二氧化碳合成合成气的方法。 合成气也通过在固体氧化物燃料电池或固体氧化物电解池中的二氧化碳和蒸汽的共电解产生。 然后可以进一步处理产生的合成气并最终转化为适合于运输或其他应用的液体燃料。
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公开(公告)号：US07820339B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-26
申请号：US11837032
申请日：2007-08-10
Applicant: John Howard Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
Inventor： John Howard Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
CPC classification number: C25B11/0463 , C23C18/1216 , C23C18/1254 , C23C18/127 , C23C18/1275 , H01M4/8875 , H01M4/9016 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , Y10S502/525 , Y10S516/901
Abstract: An improved gas diffusion electrode composed of a perovskite-type oxide dispersed in a mixture of carbon black and a hydrophobic binder polymer. An improved catalyst for use in the electrochemical reduction of oxygen comprising a perovskite-type compound having alpha and beta sites, and having a greater molar ratio of cations at the beta site. A particularly good reduction catalyst is a neodymium calcium manganite. An improved method of dispersing the catalysts with carbon in a reaction layer of the electrode improves performance of the electrode and the oxygen reduction process. This is provided by adding carbon black to an aqueous solution of metal salts before it is heated to a gel and then to a char and then calcined. Optionally, a quantity of the desired oxide catalyst can be premixed with a portion the carbon before adding the carbon to an aqueous solution of the metal salts to be heated. The amount of premixed metal oxide is chosen in conjunction with the amount of metal salts to provide the desired molar ratio after heating and calcining of the aqueous solution.
Abstract translation: 改进的气体扩散电极，其由分散在炭黑和疏水性粘合剂聚合物的混合物中的钙钛矿型氧化物组成。 用于电化学还原氧的改进的催化剂包括具有α和β位点的钙钛矿型化合物，并且在β位具有更大的阳离子摩尔比。 特别好的还原催化剂是钕钙锰矿。 将电催化剂用碳分散在电极的反应层中的改进方法提高了电极的性能和氧还原过程。 这是通过在金属盐的水溶液加热至凝胶然后加入炭然后煅烧之前将炭黑加入到水溶液中而提供的。 任选地，一定量的所需氧化物催化剂可以在将碳添加到待加热的金属盐的水溶液中之前与碳的一部分预混合。 联合金属盐的量选择预混合金属氧化物的量，以便在加热和煅烧水溶液之后提供所需的摩尔比。
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公开(公告)号：US07666812B2
公开(公告)日：2010-02-23
申请号：US11837008
申请日：2007-08-10
Applicant: John Howard Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
Inventor： John Howard Gordon , Hachiya Toshinori , Shekar Balagopal , Sai Bhavaraju
IPC: B01J21/18 , B01J27/06 , B01J23/00 , B01J23/02 , B01J23/06 , B01J23/40 , B01J23/74 , C01G1/06 , C01G1/08 , C09K3/00
CPC classification number: C25B11/0463 , C23C18/1216 , C23C18/1254 , C23C18/127 , C23C18/1275 , H01M4/8875 , H01M4/9016 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , Y10S502/525 , Y10S516/901
Abstract: An improved gas diffusion electrode composed of a perovskite-type oxide dispersed in a mixture of carbon black and a hydrophobic binder polymer. An improved catalyst for use in the electrochemical reduction of oxygen comprising a perovskite-type compound having alpha and beta sites, and having a greater molar ratio of cations at the beta site. A particularly good reduction catalyst is a neodymium calcium manganite. An improved method of dispersing the catalysts with carbon in a reaction layer of the electrode improves performance of the electrode and the oxygen reduction process. This is provided by adding carbon black to an aqueous solution of metal salts before it is heated to a gel and then to a char and then calcined. Optionally, a quantity of the desired oxide catalyst can be premixed with a portion the carbon before adding the carbon to an aqueous solution of the metal salts to be heated. The amount of premixed metal oxide is chosen in conjunction with the amount of metal salts to provide the desired molar ratio after heating and calcining of the aqueous solution.
Abstract translation: 改进的气体扩散电极，其由分散在炭黑和疏水性粘合剂聚合物的混合物中的钙钛矿型氧化物组成。 用于电化学还原氧的改进的催化剂包括具有α和β位点的钙钛矿型化合物，并且在β位具有更大的阳离子摩尔比。 特别好的还原催化剂是钕钙锰矿。 将电催化剂用碳分散在电极的反应层中的改进方法提高了电极的性能和氧还原过程。 这是通过在金属盐的水溶液加热至凝胶然后加入炭然后煅烧之前将炭黑加入到水溶液中而提供的。 任选地，一定量的所需氧化物催化剂可以在将碳添加到待加热的金属盐的水溶液中之前与碳的一部分预混合。 联合金属盐的量选择预混合金属氧化物的量，以便在加热和煅烧水溶液之后提供所需的摩尔比。
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19.发明申请Electrochemical Process to Recycle Aqueous Alkali Chemicals Using Ceramic Ion Conducting Solid Membranes 审中-公开使用陶瓷离子传导固体膜回收水性碱性化学品的电化学工艺公开(公告)号：US20080245671A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-09
申请号：US12062458
申请日：2008-04-03
Applicant: Shekar Balagopal , Marc Flinders , Justin Pendelton
Inventor： Shekar Balagopal , Marc Flinders , Justin Pendelton
CPC classification number: C25B1/16 , C01B25/37 , C02F1/46104 , C02F1/46109 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2101/006 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/4618 , C04B35/16 , C04B35/447 , C04B35/462 , C04B35/481 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3232 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3287 , C04B2235/3291 , C04B2235/3293 , C04B2235/447 , C25B13/04 , G21C19/46 , G21F9/06 , Y02W30/883
Abstract: A method is provided to recycle and synthesize aqueous alkali chemicals from industrial and radioactively contaminated alkali salt based waste streams using a two-compartment electrolytic cell having an alkali cation-conductive ceramic membrane. The processes and apparatus provide the capability of recycling and synthesizing value added chemicals, including but not limited to, alkali hydroxides.
Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用具有碱性阳离子导电陶瓷膜的两室电解池从工业和放射性污染的碱性盐基废物流中再循环和合成含水碱性化学品的方法。 该方法和装置提供回收和合成增值化学品的能力，包括但不限于碱金属氢氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US20080173551A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-24
申请号：US11863846
申请日：2007-09-28
Applicant: Ashok V. Joshi , Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendelton
Inventor： Ashok V. Joshi , Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendelton
IPC: C25B3/00
CPC classification number: C25B3/04
Abstract: Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. First and second separators are positioned between the anolyte compartment and the catholyte compartment to define a buffer compartment. The first and second separators are permeable to alkali ions. They may be fabricated of the same or different materials including, but not limited to, an alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions, a porous ceramic, or a porous polymer separator material. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.
Abstract translation: 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 第一和第二分离器位于阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室之间以限定缓冲室。 第一和第二分离器对碱离子是可渗透的。 它们可以由相同或不同的材料制成，包括但不限于构造成选择性地输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质，多孔陶瓷或多孔聚合物隔板材料。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。
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