摘要:
In a CCD image sensor, a CCD line memory is disposed between each vertical charge transfer device and a horizontal charge transfer device to selectively transfer charges from each vertical charge transfer device to the horizontal charge transfer device. A discharge drain is disposed along the horizontal charge transfer device to selectively discharge charges from vertical charge transfer devices via the horizontal charge transfer device to the discharge drain. Therefore, image data in which the numbers respectively of the vertical and horizontal pixels are reduced can be generated.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section which transfers toner onto a latent image to form a toner image, a transfer section which transfers the toner image onto a recording material directly or via an intermediate transfer body, a fixing section which has a pair of rotatable members contacted and pressed each other, in which the recording material carrying the toner image is passed through the pair of rotatable members, and heats and presses the toner image to fix the toner image on the recording material, a cleaning section which cleans a peripheral surface of one of the pair of rotatable members, a paper dust amount measuring section which measures an amount of paper dust separably adhering to the recording material, before the toner image is transferred, and a control section which controls a cleaning operation rate of the cleaning section based on the measured amount of paper dust.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section which transfers toner onto a latent image due to a difference of electrostatic potential to form a toner image, a transfer section which transfers the toner image onto a recording material directly or via an intermediate transfer body, a fixing section which passes the recording material carrying the toner image between a fixing rotation body and a pressurizing member contacted and pressed each other, and heats and pressurizes to fix the toner image, and a paper dust amount measuring section which measures an amount of paper dust adhering to the recording material. The image forming section forms an image pattern with high toner area coverage at a predetermined interval based on the measured amount of paper dust, and the fixing section fixes the image pattern with the high toner area coverage transferred onto a recording material.
摘要:
A color shooting solid state image pickup apparatus is composed by using a solid state image pickup device having a number of color pixels disposed in a plurality of rows and columns in a pixel shift layout with distributing at least one color-type color pixels in a square lattice pattern aligned in row and column directions and by using a video signal proceeding unit being able to perform interpolation processes using color information obtained from pixel signals output from the solid state image pickup device excepting one piece of color information obtained from pixel signals of the color pixels distributed in a square lattice pattern. A moving image having a smooth motion can be reproduced on a monitor even if the process performance of the video signal proceeding unit is not improved so much.
摘要:
In a solid-state image pick-up device comprising a plurality of light receiving sensor sections, a vertical transfer path 12 formed close to each of the light receiving sensor sections, and a channel stopper 13 provided between the adjacent vertical transfer paths 12 and formed by an insulating layer having a trench structure, a conductive substance 15 to which a predetermined voltage is applied is buried in the insulating layer 14. The predetermined voltage is a negative voltage if a signal charge is an electron, and is a positive voltage if the signal charge is a hole. Alternatively, the predetermined voltage is a pulse having an opposite phase to that of a read pulse to be applied to a transfer electrode 17 of the vertical transfer path 12.
摘要:
A pit (52) is formed in a substrate comprising a silicon wafer (51) on a surface of which a silicon oxide thin layer (53) is formed. A sandwich structure (60) comprising a piezoelectric layer (62) and lower and upper electrodes (61, 63) joined to both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer is disposed so as to stride over the pit (52). The upper surface of the lower electrode (61) and the lower surface of the piezoelectric layer (62) joined to the upper surface of the lower electrode are treated so that the RMS variation of the height thereof is equal to 25 nm or less. The thickness of the lower electrode (61) is set to 150 nm or less. According to such a structure, there is provided a high-performance thin film bulk acoustic resonator which are excellent in electromechanical coupling coefficient and acoustic quality factor.
摘要:
An image-forming apparatus, a fixing unit and a heat circulation system are equipped with a heat circulator capable of being fabricated at low costs and ensuring high heat exchange efficiency. The heat circulator includes two tabular metal members that come into contact with an intermediate transfer member at positions upstream and downstream of a simultaneous transfer and fixing zone, and plural heat pipes that transfer the heat of the first metal member to the second metal member.
摘要:
A multiple-wound, three-phase, variable speed motor having N independent winding sets is driven by N inverters, each responding to 1/N of the torque and excitation current commands, and the torque current is limited as a function of N times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate, when all inverters are functioning. When M inverters fail, they are disconnected from the motor, the torque current is limited as function of N-M times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate. The remaining N-M inverters may each respond to 1/(N-M) of the torque and excitation commands. The excitation current may be maximized as (N-M) times the limiting current divided by the square root of two. The speed command may be predetermined by the integration over an acceleration interval, of the maximum acceleration achievable with torque available from those of the inverters which have not failed, in view of the inverters' current limits.
摘要:
In vector control apparatus and method for a three-phase multiplex winding motor, a plurality of inverters are installed, each inverter operatively driving a corresponding one of multiplex windings of the motor and a plurality of inverter controllers are installed whose number corresponds to that of the inverters. Each controller includes: a decoupling voltage calculator for calculating d-axis and q-axis voltage setting values V.sub.1 d* and V.sub.1 q* on the basis of an excitation instruction value Io*, a torque instruction value I.sub.T *, d-axis-and-q-axis current instruction values i.sub.1 d* and i.sub.1 q* which are quotients of the excitation instruction value Io* and the torque instruction value I.sub.T * divided respectively by the multiplex number N of the windings of the motor, and a power supply frequency .omega. which is an addition of a slip frequency .omega.s to a rotor revolution frequency .omega.r; a d-axis-and-q-axis current controller for performing P-I calculations for respective deviations between d-axis current instruction value i.sub.1 d* and its detected value i.sub.1 d and between q-axis current instruction value i.sub.1 q* and its detected value i.sub.1 q so as to derive d-axis and q-axis voltage errors .DELTA.V.sub.1 d and .DELTA.V.sub.1 q ; and a plurality of PWM circuits, each receiving d-axis and q-axis voltages V.sub.1 d and V.sub.1 q as d-axis and d-axis voltage instructions and generating and outputting gate signals to the corresponding one of the inverters, the d-axis and d-axis voltages being respective additions of the d-axis and q-axis voltage setting values V.sub.1 d* and V.sub.1 q* to the d-axis-and-q-axis voltage errors .DELTA.V.sub.1 d and .DELTA.V.sub.1 q.
摘要:
An electrostatic recording head comprises an insulating substrate having a builtup structure thereon. The builtup structure includes, in the following order, a plurality of dielectric electrode strips having portions which are arranged in parallel to and kept away from one another, a first insulating layer, a plurality of discharge electrode strips each extending to intersect with the respective portions of the dielectric electrode strips, a second insulating layer having a plurality of openings to form part of an ion generating space region at individual intersected portions of said discharge electrode strips and said dielectric electrode strips, and a screen electrode which is provided to complete each ion generating space region in association with the second insulating layer and has a plurality of openings, through which ions are passed, corresponding to the respective ion generating space regions. The screen electrode is made of a member which is selected from the group consisting of metals, noble metals and alloys mainly composed of these metals and which has a melting point not lower than 1500.degree. C. Alternatively, the screen electrode may be made of a core member and a surface layer which is made of the above metal member, or an oxidation-resistant material such as an inorganic compound, a polymer or a metal alkoxide polymer.