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    Method and apparatus for performing minimally invasive cardiac procedures
    22.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for performing minimally invasive cardiac procedures 失效
    用于进行微创心脏手术的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06244809B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-06-12

    申请号：US09000703

    申请日：1997-12-30

    Applicant: Yulun Wang ,  Darrin R. Uecker ,  Keith Phillip Laby ,  Jeff Wilson ,  Steve Jordan ,  James Wright

    Inventor： Yulun Wang ,  Darrin R. Uecker ,  Keith Phillip Laby ,  Jeff Wilson ,  Steve Jordan ,  James Wright

    IPC: B25J100

    CPC classification number: A61B17/11 ,  A61B17/0469 ,  A61B17/29 ,  A61B34/30 ,  A61B34/35 ,  A61B34/37 ,  A61B34/70 ,  A61B34/71 ,  A61B34/72 ,  A61B34/75 ,  A61B34/76 ,  A61B34/77 ,  A61B46/10 ,  A61B50/00 ,  A61B90/361 ,  A61B2017/00199 ,  A61B2017/00243 ,  A61B2017/00252 ,  A61B2017/0046 ,  A61B2017/00477 ,  A61B2017/00703 ,  A61B2017/00973 ,  A61B2017/1107 ,  A61B2017/1135 ,  A61B2017/2927 ,  A61B2017/2929 ,  A61B2034/2059 ,  A61B2034/742 ,  A61B2090/064 ,  B25J9/1689 ,  G05B2219/45119

    Abstract: A system for performing minimally invasive cardiac procedures. The system includes a pair of surgical instruments that are coupled to a pair of robotic arms. The instruments have end effectors that can be manipulated to hold and suture tissue. The robotic arms are coupled to a pair of master handles by a controller. The handles can be moved by the surgeon to produce a corresponding movement of the end effectors. The movement of the handles is scaled so that the end effectors have a corresponding movement that is different, typically smaller, than the movement performed by the hands of the surgeon. The scale factor is adjustable so that the surgeon can control the resolution of the end effector movement. The movement of the end effector can be controlled by an input button, so that the end effector only moves when the button is depressed by the surgeon. The input button allows the surgeon to adjust the position of the handles without moving the end effector, so that the handles can be moved to a more comfortable position. The system may also have a robotically controlled endoscope which allows the surgeon to remotely view the surgical site. A cardiac procedure can be performed by making small incisions in the patient's skin and inserting the instruments and endoscope into the patient. The surgeon manipulates the handles and moves the end effectors to perform a cardiac procedure such as a coronary artery bypass graft.

    Abstract translation: 用于执行微创心脏手术的系统。 该系统包括耦合到一对机器人臂的一对外科器械。 仪器具有能够被操纵以保持和缝合组织的末端效应器。 机器人手臂通过控制器耦合到一对主手柄。 手柄可由外科医生移动以产生末端执行器的相应运动。 手柄的移动被缩放，使得末端执行器具有与由外科医生的手执行的运动不同的，通常较小的相应运动。 比例因子是可调节的，因此外科医生可以控制末端执行器运动的分辨率。 端部执行器的运动可以由输入按钮控制，使得当外科医生按下按钮时，末端执行器仅移动。 输入按钮允许外科医生调整手柄的位置而不移动末端执行器，使得手柄可以移动到更舒适的位置。 该系统还可以具有机器人控制的内窥镜，其允许外科医生远程观察手术部位。 可以通过在患者皮肤中进行小切口并将仪器和内窥镜插入患者来进行心脏手术。 外科医生操纵手柄并移动末端执行器以执行心脏手术，例如冠状动脉旁路移植物。

    Strand displacement amplification using thermophilic enzymes
    23.
    发明授权
    Strand displacement amplification using thermophilic enzymes 失效
    使用嗜热酶进行链置换扩增

    公开(公告)号：US5744311A

    公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

    申请号：US701269

    申请日：1996-08-22

    Applicant: Melinda S. Fraiser ,  Catherine A. Spargo ,  George Terrance Walker ,  Mark Van Cleve ,  David James Wright ,  Michael C. Little

    Inventor： Melinda S. Fraiser ,  Catherine A. Spargo ,  George Terrance Walker ,  Mark Van Cleve ,  David James Wright ,  Michael C. Little

    IPC: C12N15/09 ,  C12N9/12 ,  C12N9/16 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  C12P19/34

    CPC classification number: C12Q1/6844

    Abstract: Strand Displacement Amplification methods (thermophilic SDA) which can be performed over a broad temperature range (37.degree. C. to 70.degree. C.). The preferred temperature range for thermophilic SDA is 50.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. It has been found that certain thermophilic restriction endonucleases are capable of nicking the hemimodified restriction endonuclease recognition/cleavage site as required by SDA and dissociating from the site. It has further been found that certain thermophilic polymerases are capable of extending from the nick while displacing the downstream strand. Thermophilic SDA, because of reaction temperatures higher than previously possible with conventional SDA enzyme systems, has improved specificity and efficiency, reduced nonspecific background amplification, and potentially improved yields of amplification products. In addition, the need to add the enzymes in a separate step after the initial heat denaturation of double stranded targets is eliminated when enzymes capable of tolerating the denaturation temperature are used.

    Abstract translation: 可以在宽温度范围（37℃〜70℃）下进行的链条位移扩增方法（嗜热SDA）。 嗜热SDA的优选温度范围为50℃至70℃。已经发现某些嗜热性限制性内切核酸酶能够根据SDA的要求切割半自由限制性内切核酸酶识别/切割位点并从该位点解离。 还已经发现某些嗜热聚合酶能够从切口延伸，同时移位下游链。 由于反应温度高于以前可能与常规SDA酶系统相比，嗜热SDA具有改进的特异性和效率，降低的非特异性背景扩增以及潜在地提高扩增产物的产量。 此外，当使用能够耐受变性温度的酶时，消除了在双链靶的初始热变性之后的单独步骤中添加酶的需要。

    Non-stressed, high strength, cement-containing pipe and its production
    25.
    发明授权
    Non-stressed, high strength, cement-containing pipe and its production 失效
    无应力，高强度，含水泥管及其生产

    公开(公告)号：US4077577A

    公开(公告)日：1978-03-07

    申请号：US655189

    申请日：1976-02-04

    Applicant: James Wright

    Inventor： James Wright

    IPC: B28B21/48 ,  B28B21/56 ,  B28B21/62 ,  F16L9/08 ,  F16L9/14 ,  F16L9/16 ,  B65H81/00

    CPC classification number: B28B21/56 ,  B28B21/48 ,  B28B21/62 ,  F16L9/08 ,  F16L9/14 ,  F16L9/16

    Abstract: Non-stressed, high strength, substantially inflexible, rigid, cement-containing pipe, for example, asbestos-cement pipe well adapted as high pressure water pipe, comprising a tubular article body of spirally wound up layers of asbestos-cement, and a plurality of helical windings of a continuous filament of an aromatic polyamide fiber known and obtainable as KEVLAR aramid fiber about one or more of the asbestos-cement layers within the interior of the pipe without being stretched and without being in tension. The aromatic polyamide fiber of the continuous filament is of high tensile strength of about 390,000 psi or higher and a low elongation capability of no more than 7%, and the continuous filament of the belical windings is maintained about the cement-containing composition within the interior of the pipe without being stretched and without being in tension. Non-stressed, high strength concrete pipe is also embodied in the invention. The outer exposed main surface of the pipe is usually free or substantially free of the continuous filament.

    Abstract translation: 无应力，高强度，基本不弯曲，刚性的含水泥管，例如适用于高压水管的石棉 - 水泥管，包括石棉 - 水泥螺旋卷绕的管状物体，以及多个 芳族聚酰胺纤维的连续长丝的螺旋绕组，其已知和可作为KEVLAR芳族聚酰胺纤维获得，围绕管内部的一个或多个石棉 - 水泥层而不被拉伸并且不处于张力。 连续长丝的芳族聚酰胺纤维具有约390,000psi或更高的高拉伸强度和不超过7％的低伸长能力，并且围绕在内部的含水泥组合物保持连续细丝 的管道，没有被拉伸而没有紧张。 本发明还体现了非应力高强度混凝土管。 管的外露的主表面通常是自由的或基本上没有连续细丝。

    Apparatus for depositing fibrous material into containers
    26.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for depositing fibrous material into containers 失效
    用于将纤维材料沉积到容器中的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4048785A

    公开(公告)日：1977-09-20

    申请号：US706701

    申请日：1976-07-19

    Applicant: Edward James Wright

    Inventor： Edward James Wright

    IPC: B65B37/16 ,  B65B63/02

    CPC classification number: B65B37/16

    Abstract: Apparatus for depositing fibrous material into containers wherein a predetermined amount of fibrous material is extruded from a chamber holding the main mass of material into a slidable member mounted for reciprocal movement with respect to the chamber. The sliding member is movable to shear the predetermined extruded amount from the main mass and permit it to be deposited into receiving containers.

    Abstract translation: 用于将纤维材料沉积到容器中的装置，其中预定量的纤维材料从容纳主要材料的室中挤出成可安装成相对于腔室往复移动的可滑动构件。 滑动构件可移动以从主质量剪切预定的挤出量并允许其沉积到接收容器中。

    Switching circuits using operational amplifiers
    27.
    发明授权
    Switching circuits using operational amplifiers 失效
    使用运算放大器的开关电路

    公开(公告)号：US3984740A

    公开(公告)日：1976-10-05

    申请号：US479554

    申请日：1974-06-14

    Applicant: Maurice James Wright

    Inventor： Maurice James Wright

    IPC: B60L15/28 ,  B60L11/18 ,  H02P7/29 ,  H03K17/60 ,  H02P7/28

    CPC classification number: B60L11/1805 ,  H02P7/29 ,  Y02T10/642 ,  Y02T10/7005 ,  Y02T10/7258

    Abstract: A switching circuit has an operational amplifier connected between positive and negative supply lines and has its non-inverting input terminal connected through a resistor to an intermediate supply line. The inverting input terminal of the amplifier is fed with a signal the polarity of which varies with respect to the intermediate input terminal, and a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series between the output and non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier. The arrangement can be used in a control circuit for an electrically driven vehicle.

    Abstract translation: 开关电路具有连接在正和负电源线之间的运算放大器，并且其非反相输入端通过电阻器连接到中间供电线。 放大器的反相输入端子馈送一个信号，其极性相对于中间输入端子变化，电容器和电阻串联连接在放大器的输出和非反相输入端之间。 该装置可用于电动车辆的控制电路。

    Control circuits for electrically driven vehicles
    29.
    发明授权
    Control circuits for electrically driven vehicles 失效
    电动车辆控制回路

    公开(公告)号：US3949284A

    公开(公告)日：1976-04-06

    申请号：US479553

    申请日：1974-06-14

    Applicant: Maurice James Wright

    Inventor： Maurice James Wright

    IPC: B60L15/28 ,  B60L3/00 ,  H02P7/29 ,  H02P5/06

    CPC classification number: B60L3/00 ,  Y02T10/7258

    Abstract: A control circuit for an electrically driven vehicle has a switch with a central off position, and operative positions in which the motor of the vehicle drives the vehicle forwardly and rearwardly. Delay means is provided operable when the switch is in its central off position for maintaining energisation of the control circuit for a predetermined period of time, so that loads are not deenergised as the switch is moved through its off position to change the direction of operation of the truck. In the preferred form, movement of the switch to its off position reduces the demanded armature current to zero.

    Abstract translation: 用于电动车辆的控制电路具有具有中心关闭位置的开关，以及车辆的电动机在其中向前和向后驱动车辆的操作位置。 当开关处于其中心关闭位置以保持控制电路的通电达预定时间段时，提供延迟装置可操作，使得当开关移动到其关闭位置以改变操作方向时，负载不会被断电 卡车。 在优选的形式中，开关到其关闭位置的移动将所需的电枢电流减小到零。

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