摘要:
In a method for measuring the speed of an electrical machine having a stator, a rotor and a winding, in particular of an electronically commutated motor, a speed-measurement signal ω is sampled, in that a measured speed value ω(k) for the rotor is determined for each of a series of sampling instants. Moreover, a moment of inertia value for the mass moment of inertia of the rotor is determined. In addition, a current signal I is sampled, in that a current value I(k) for the electrical current in the winding is determined for each of the sampling instants. An estimated value ωs(k) for each of the measured speed values ω(k) is determined from a measured speed value ωk(k−1) assigned to an earlier sampling instant, from the current signal I and from the moment of inertia value. A tolerance band containing the estimated value ωs(k) is assigned to this estimated value ωs(k). If the measured speed value ω(k) lies outside of the tolerance band, the measured speed value ω(k) is replaced by a speed value ωk(k) that is within the tolerance band.
摘要:
A motor vehicle has a clutch which is controlled by an electronic clutch management system. When the vehicle is in gear with the engine running and is stationary or almost stationary with no gas being given, the system causes the clutch to become engaged just enough to make the vehicle creep.
摘要:
There are disclosed a method of and an apparatus for regulating the operation of a friction clutch or another torque transmission system in the power train of a motor vehicle. The regulation is such that the operator of the vehicle is informed of a prevailing or impending condition which entails or is about to entail damage to the system or to the entire power train. Such situation can arise in response to excessive and/or prolonged slip of abutting friction surfaces in a friction clutch, overheating of one or more parts of the system for any other reason(s), as a result of improper selection of the transmission speed for starting of the vehicle and/or due to excessive wear upon the friction linings and/or other parts. The remedial undertaking can include such regulation of the system that the ride become uncomfortable to the occupant(s) of the vehicle and/or automatic elimination of the cause(s) of unsatisfactory torque transmission.
摘要:
Antibodies against N-glycan structures of cell membrane surfaces and showing in an ELISA test a positive reaction against antigenic oligosaccharides, said antibodies comprising chitobiose-mannose-trisaccharides.
摘要:
A clutch actuator and to a method for the control thereof. The actuator actuates a multi-disk clutch, and to do so has actuator modules. The number of which corresponds to the number of the friction clutches. The modules have separate control units and electric motors, which are controlled by the control units and act on the friction clutches by a disengaging mechanism. In order to counter block the partial drive trains disposed downstream of the friction clutches, particularly automatically closed friction clutches during a malfunction of an actuator module, the actuator modules are connected among each other to a data line, which allows monitoring of the actuator modules and counter-measures.
摘要:
The invention relates to a smart actuator for actuating a clutch having a communication interface for connecting to a higher-level control unit, and at least one data line for connecting to the higher-level control unit, where the smart actuator is configured to identify errors in the higher-level control unit and/or an assigned second smart actuator, and where the smart actuator has controlling means that are suitable for converting the controlled system into a safe system state in the case of a recognized error. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding control method and a control system in which the smart actuators and the method are used.
摘要:
A process and device for the currentless referencing of a clutch position in non self-locking clutch actuating systems which are switched without current for a first predetermined, passive period of time or until an actuator standstill occurs, in order to verify a clutch reference position, then the clutch position achieved is determined by first measurement and current is supplied to the clutch actuating system for a predetermined, active period of time, the clutch actuating system being then switched again without current for another predetermined, passive period of time or until an actuator standstill occurs, the clutch position being determined by another measurement; finally the measured clutch position is checked to determine whether it can be verified as a new clutch reference position.
摘要:
In a method of operating a motor vehicle with an electronically controlled automatic clutch device, a control device and one or more data-storing devices for values of operating quantities and parameters, the values are stored in at least duplicate form in the data-storing device. The data are stored in prescribed formats and the integrity of the data is checked according to prescribed criteria, to ensure that incorrect data are not used in the operation of the vehicle.
摘要:
A transmission system including a shift mechanism for operating and controlling the transmission system. To automatically detect geometric characteristic values of the transmission system or of the shifting device a selector motor and a shift motor actuate a selector finger that is displaceably mounted in a selection-shift-passageway layout. Starting from an initial position whose coordinates within the selection-shift-passageway layout are unknown, the selector finger is displaced in the directions of shifting and in the directions of selection in order to detect paths of movement in the direction of selection or shifting. The selector finger is repeatedly displaced to establish the maximum paths of movement until the predetermined transmission geometric characteristic values are completely detected. Also disclosed are a control device for controlling a transmission system that includes a shift mechanism, and a method for controlling such a transmission system.
摘要:
A motor vehicle has a clutch which is controlled by an electronic clutch management system. When the vehicle is in gear with the engine running and is stationary or almost stationary with no gas being given, the system causes the clutch to become engaged just enough to make the vehicle creep.