摘要:
Prior to failure determination of a three-way catalyst, which is carried out on the basis of a reverse frequency ratio of upstream and downstream O2 sensors, deterioration determination is performed at the point when the reverse frequency ratio of the O2 sensors starts to increase, and low NOx control is then implemented. The implement of the low NOx control makes it possible to compensate for the deterioration of the three-way catalyst with respect to NOx purification and to keep NOx emissions from the three-way catalyst equal to or less than the regulation value.
摘要:
An ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine of the spark ignition type such as a gasoline engine. A throttle opening of the engine is sampled and a throttle opening variation is calculated. A real volumetric efficiency is calculated based on a real intake air amount and a real engine rotational speed by a real volumetric efficiency calculating device and the real volumetric efficiency is corrected based on the throttle opening variation by a volumetric efficiency correcting device to calculate an effective volumetric efficiency. An ignition timing is set in accordance with the effective volumetric efficiency and the engine rotational speed by an ignition timing setting device and an ignition timing controlling signal is developed based on the ignition timing set by the ignition timing setting device. An igniting device operates upon reception of the ignition timing controlling signal. When the real volumetric efficiency exceeds, particularly upon acceleration of the engine, a predetermined threshold value corresponding to a throttle opening around the full open value, the sampling operation is inhibited. Knocking upon acceleration can thus be prevented with certainty while preventing interference with quick acceleration of the engine.
摘要:
An aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an eyeglass lens, comprising determining a manufacturing condition by a method of determining a manufacturing condition of an eyeglass lens comprising a vapor-deposited film formed by vapor deposition using a vapor deposition source the main component of which is ZrO2, and forming a vapor-deposited film by vapor deposition using a vapor deposition source the main component of which is ZrO2 under the manufacturing condition that has been determined.
摘要:
A material for vapor deposition which is obtained by mixing a specific organosilicon compound having an alkyl group substituted with fluorine, a specific silane compound and a specific modified silicone oil, a process for producing an optical member which comprises a step of solidifying the material for vapor deposition described above by heating and a step of vapor depositing the solidified material for vapor deposition on a substrate made of a plastics by heating by a heating means to form a thin film exhibiting a water-repelling property, a process for producing a plastic lens for spectacles which is the above process applied to producing the plastic lens for spectacles, and a plastic lens for spectacles which is produced in accordance with the process. The water-repelling thin film in the optical member and in the plastic lens for spectacles produced in accordance with the above processes exhibits improved slipping property in combination with improved durability and abrasion resistance from those of conventional thin films.
摘要:
Prior to failure determination of a three-way catalyst, which is carried out on the basis of a reverse frequency ratio of upstream and downstream O2 sensors, deterioration determination is performed at the point when the reverse frequency ratio of the O2 sensors starts to increase, and low NOx control is then implemented. The implement of the low NOx control makes it possible to compensate for the deterioration of the three-way catalyst with respect to NOx purification and to keep NOx emissions from the three-way catalyst equal to or less than the regulation value.
摘要:
Antireflection films are coated on the both sides of an optical lens by sputtering in a sputtering system. In a vacuum processing chamber (22) for performing the sputtering, a plurality of optical lens base materials are placed transversely on a substrate holder (26). The holder (26) is set rotatably in a vacuum atmosphere. The optical lens base materials are embedded to holes (26a) formed in the holder (26), facing their concave surface up, by using ring-shaped holding tools (52, 152). The height of the ring-shaped holding tool (52) is larger than the height of the edge of the optical lens base material (11) within the limits of 2 mm when the thickness of the lens edge of the optical lens base material is large. Part of the ring-shaped holding tool (152) which is put together with the upper surface of the optical lens base material (111) is tapered when the thickness of the lens edge of the optical lens base material is small.
摘要:
This invention relates to a control system and method for an in-cylinder injection internal combustion engine, which perform control of the timing of fuel injection, the timing of ignition and an EGR rate to assure the stability of combustion in the engine and also its exhaust gas cleaning performance while promoting an improvement in gas mileage by performing injection in compression strokes. The system is provided with a fuel injection valve for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, a spark plug arranged in the combustion chamber, an EGR valve arranged in an EGR passage, a fuel injection timing control unit for controlling a fuel injection timing of the fuel injection valve on a basis of a preset target fuel injection timing, an ignition timing control unit for controlling an ignition timing of the spark plug on a basis of a preset target ignition timing, an exhaust gas recirculation rate control unit for controlling an opening of the EGR valve on a basis of a preset target EGR rate, and a misfire determination unit for detecting a burning fluctuation, whereby upon detection of a burning fluctuation, the target fuel injection timing, the target ignition timing and the target EGR rate are retarded or decreased.
摘要:
An apparatus for determining a failure of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) apparatus includes an electronic control unit. When judging the fulfillment of the failure diagnosis executing condition, the electronic control unit stores the intake pressure detected by a pressure sensor, and then introduces part of the exhaust gas from an engine to an intake passage via an EGR passage to start the EGR for failure diagnosis. Thereafter, the intake pressure is detected again. If a significant change in intake pressure does not occur before and after the execution of the EGR for failure diagnosis, it is judged that the EGR apparatus is faulty. If the failure diagnosis executing condition becomes unfulfilled during the execution of failure diagnosis, the EGR for failure diagnosis is stopped, and the failure diagnosis entailing EGR is prohibited from the time when the EGR for failure diagnosis is stopped until a predetermined period of time has elapsed, by which the deterioration in riding quality and drivability of the vehicle is prevented.
摘要:
A leakage judgment with respect to a fuel tank is carried out. If the fuel tank is not leaking, a leakage judgment with respect to a canister is carried out. If there is a possibility of leakage in the fuel tank, a leakage judgment with respect to the fuel tank and the canister is carried out. If it is judged that there is leakage in the fuel tank and the canister, the leakage judgment with respect to the canister is carried out.
摘要:
An electric vehicle includes engine in which the amount of fuel supply is controlled by a throttle, a generator that produces electricity using the power of the engine, a motor outputs power to a drive shaft, an EGR system that supplies gas, exhausted from the engine, to a manifold of the engine, a clutch that switches between the transmission and the non-transmission of power from the engine to the drive shaft, a sensor that measures the change of a pressure of the manifold before and after the EGR system supplies the gas to the manifold, and ECU that performs fault detection of the EGR system using the sensor when conditions, where a series mode is selected, the degree of opening of the throttle is constant, are satisfied.