摘要:
There are provided an adsorption amount sensor which is capable of accurately detecting an amount of hydrocarbons or water adsorbed by a zeolite of a hydrocarbon adsorber, even during operation of an engine, as well as a coking sensor which is capable of accurately detecting an amount of coke deposition on inner surfaces of a pipe of an internal combustion engine, even during operation of an engine. The adsorption amount sensor has a plurality of electrodes arranged in the vicinity of the hydrocarbon adsorber in a manner opposed to each other and each carrying a zeolite thereon. The amount of hydrocarbons adsorbed is detected by using a parameter indicative of changes in at least one of a resistance value between the electrodes and an electrical capacitance between the electrodes. The coking sensor has a plurality of electrodes arranged within the pipe of the engine in a manner opposed to each other and each having a surface thereof coated with an insulating material. The amount of coke deposition is detected by using a parameter indicative of changes in at least one of a resistance value between the electrodes and an electrical capacitance between the electrodes.
摘要:
A state determining apparatus for an exhaust gas purifier is provided for accurately determining the state of the exhaust gas purifier including an adsorbent for adsorbing hydrocarbons, including a deterioration of the adsorbent, in accordance with an ignition time of an internal combustion engine. The state determining apparatus for an exhaust gas purifier is arranged in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine for determining the state of the exhaust gas purifier including the adsorbent capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture in exhaust gas. The state determining apparatus has a humidity sensor arranged at a location downstream of the adsorbent in the exhaust system for detecting the humidity of exhaust gases, and an ECU for determining the state of the adsorbent in accordance with the humidity of exhaust gases detected by the humidity sensor, and the ignition time of the internal combustion engine.
摘要:
A state determining apparatus for an exhaust gas purifier is provided for determining the state of the exhaust gas purifier including an adsorbent for adsorbing hydrocarbons; in accordance with the temperature state in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The state determining apparatus is arranged in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. The state determining apparatus comprises a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity within a bypass exhaust pipe, and an ECU for determining the temperature state of the exhaust system and determining the state of adsorbent in accordance with the humidity within the bypass exhaust pipe detected by the humidity sensor and the temperature state in the exhaust system detected by the ECU.
摘要:
A temperature estimating apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided for correctly calculating the temperature of an exhaust device even when the internal combustion engine is started under low temperature conditions. The temperature estimating apparatus comprises an ECU for estimating the temperature of a hydrocarbon adsorbent in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine through calculations. The ECU calculates an estimated adsorbent temperature of the adsorbent in accordance with an engine rotational speed, an absolute intake pipe inner pressure, an engine water temperature, an intake temperature, and a detected humidity of exhaust gases. This calculation is started when condensation, which has occurred within an intake pipe, is eliminated.
摘要:
[Problem] A method for manufacturing a bent hollow pipe is provided, in which even when a three-dimensionally bent pipe is formed, a gap, an uneven thickness, and the like would not occur at contact portions at the ends of both of the flange portions when press work is finished, and thus a pipe having the high quality contact portions can be formed.[Solution] In a method for manufacturing a bent hollow pipe, a material W, which is to be processed and which is a flat plate extending a first plane formed by a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, is pressed in a stepwise manner using a plurality of forming dies from a third direction perpendicular to the first plane, so that two sides of a second plane formed by the second direction and the third direction of the material W are brought into contact with each other, and the bent hollow pipe is made to be bent and extend in a three dimensional manner that is bent in the first plane and in the second plane. The method includes a step in which a push out portion 13 is formed that is pushed out onto the material W in the third direction and that is bent and extends within a third plane formed by the first direction and the third direction in a press work, and extension portions 15 are formed to extend away from each other at both sides which sandwich the push out portion 13 of the material W, and flange portions 16 are formed that are bent, in a direction opposite to a push out direction of the push out portion 13, at ends of the extension portions 15, a step in which while bending is maintained between the extension portions 15 and the flange portions 16, a bent portions 17 between the push out portion 13 and the extension portions 15 are bent in the opposite directions, so that the both of the flange portions 16 are formed in a direction in which the both of the flange portions 16 face each other, a step in which the both of the flange portions 16 of a three-dimensionally bent portion P that is bent in the first plane and in the second plane are bent and brought closer to each other as compared with both of the flange portions 16 in a portion other than the three-dimensionally bent portion P, and a step of bringing ends of the flange portions 16 into contact with each other.
摘要:
A group III nitride semiconductor optical device 11a has a group III nitride semiconductor substrate 13 having a main surface 13a forming a finite angle with a reference plane Sc orthogonal to a reference axis Cx extending in a c-axis direction of the group III nitride semiconductor and an active layer 17 of a quantum-well structure, disposed on the main surface 13a of the group III nitride semiconductor substrate 13, including a well layer 28 made of a group III nitride semiconductor and a plurality of barrier layers 29 made of a group III nitride semiconductor. The main surface 13a exhibits semipolarity. The active layer 17 has an oxygen content of at least 1×1017 cm−3 but not exceeding 8×1017 cm−3. The plurality of barrier layers 29 contain an n-type impurity other than oxygen by at least 1×1017 cm−3 but not exceeding 1×1019 cm−3 in an upper near-interface area 29u in contact with a lower interface 28Sd of the well layer 28 on the group III nitride semiconductor substrate side.
摘要:
The semiconductor device is formed in the form of a GaN-based stacked layer including an n-type drift layer 4, a p-type layer 6, and an n-type top layer 8. The semiconductor device includes a regrown layer 27 formed so as to cover a portion of the GaN-based stacked layer that is exposed to an opening 28, the regrown layer 27 including a channel. The channel is two-dimensional electron gas formed at an interface between the electron drift layer and the electron supply layer. When the electron drift layer 22 is assumed to have a thickness of d, the p-type layer 6 has a thickness in the range of d to 10d, and a graded p-type impurity layer 7 whose concentration decreases from a p-type impurity concentration in the p-type layer is formed so as to extend from a (p-type layer/n-type top layer) interface to the inside of the n-type top layer.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a suspension arm component for vehicles with sufficient strength or rigidity to withstand repetitive compressive and tensile forces, and a method for manufacturing such a component by pressing or hemming process alone, without recourse to any welding process, forming quickly and simply, a process with advantages in terms of material yield and cost. The suspension arm component for vehicles includes first flange pieces as well as second flange pieces, and a pair of half members, each having a hat-like shaped cross-section perpendicular to its axis, are joined together to protrude the first flange part and the second flange part from an expanded part, where both the first flange part and the second flange part extend linearly along the axis of the main body part. The main body part presents a rectangular shape in its side view.
摘要:
A vertical semiconductor device in which pinch-off characteristics and breakdown voltage characteristics can be stably improved by fixing the electric potential of a p-type GaN barrier layer with certainty is provided. The semiconductor device includes a GaN-based stacked layer having an opening, a regrown layer including a channel located so as to cover a wall surface of the opening, an n+-type source layer that is in ohmic contact with the source electrode, a p-type GaN barrier layer, and a p+-type GaN-based supplementary layer located between the p-type GaN barrier layer and the n+-type source layer. The p+-type GaN-based supplementary layer and the n+-type source layer form a tunnel junction to fix the electric potential of the p-type GaN barrier layer at a source potential.
摘要翻译:提供了通过确定地固定p型GaN势垒层的电位可以稳定地提高夹断特性和击穿电压特性的垂直半导体器件。 半导体器件包括具有开口的GaN基层叠层,包含覆盖开口壁面的沟道的再生长层,与源电极欧姆接触的n +型源极,p 位于p型GaN势垒层和n +型源极层之间的p +型GaN基辅助层。 p +型GaN基辅助层和n +型源极层形成隧道结,以将p型GaN阻挡层的电位固定在源极电位。
摘要:
A method of fabricating a III-nitride semiconductor laser device includes: preparing a substrate product, where the substrate product has a laser structure, the laser structure includes a semiconductor region and a substrate of a hexagonal III-nitride semiconductor, the substrate has a semipolar primary surface, and the semiconductor region is formed on the semipolar primary surface; scribing a first surface of the substrate product to form a scribed mark, the scribed mark extending in a direction of an a-axis of the hexagonal III-nitride semiconductor; and after forming the scribed mark, carrying out breakup of the substrate product by press against a second region of the substrate product while supporting a first region of the substrate product but not supporting the second region thereof, to form another substrate product and a laser bar.