摘要:
A system for controlling fuel injection in an internal combustion engine such that when the target air-fuel ratio is switched from a rich value to a lean value, the air-fuel ratios are switched to the lean value by sequentially decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders, for example in a four cylinder engine into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, with predetermined time differences. During this time, an electronic air control valve (EACV) is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise opened with the switching of the air-fuel ratio s for the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, thereby causing the engine torque to remain the same to prevent the generation of a torque shock. When the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the lean level to the rich level, the amounts of fuel injected into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are controlled in such a manner that they are sequentially increased with predetermined time differences, and the EACV is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise closed. Thus, it is possible to avoid the generation of a torque shock, while preventing the degradation of the emission during switching of the air-fuel ratio.
摘要:
Compositions suitable for use in the preparation of dosage-form active vitamins D.sub.3 are disclosed. Each composition comprises an active vitamin D.sub.3 and a stabilizer selected from polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate and hydroxypropylcellulose. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of stable dosage-form active vitamins D.sub.3. Each process comprises adding the above stabilizer to an active vitamin D.sub.3 and then adding a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier to the resultant mixture.
摘要:
An apparatus for controlling hydraulic pumps for a construction machine wherein the construction machine includes first and second hydraulic pumps adapted to be driven by an engine and hydraulic actuators hydraulically connected to the first and second hydraulic pumps via first and second actuating valves is disclosed. A controlling section calculates extra horse powers .DELTA.HP.sub.1 and .DELTA.HP.sub.2 based on reference allowable absorptive horse powers set relative to the first and second hydraulic pumps and actual absorptive horse powers (HP.sub.01) and (HP.sub.02) derived from the first and second hydraulic pumps. In addition, the controlling section calculates allowable discharge capacities (V.sub.1P) and (V.sub.2P) based on the number (N) of revolutions of the engines, pressures (P.sub.1) and (P.sub.2) of hydraulic oils discharged from the first and second hydraulic pumps, the extra horse powers .DELTA.HP.sub.1 and .DELTA.HP.sub.2 and allowable discharge capacities (V.sub.1P) and (V.sub.2P). Then, the controlling section selects a smaller one of a target discharge capacity and the allowable discharge capacity (V.sub.1P) and a smaller one of another target discharge capacity and the allowable discharge capacity (V.sub.2P) as minimum target discharge capacities (V.sub.1) and (V.sub.2). Thereafter, the controlling section controls swash plate angles of the first and second hydraulic pumps such that the minimum target discharge capacities (V.sub.1) and (V.sub.2) are correctly set corresponding to the first and second hydraulic pumps. Consequently, absorptive horse powers to be derived from the first and second hydraulic pumps can properly be controlled while a sum of the reference allowable absorptive horse powers is kept constant.
摘要:
An operation control device is disclosed. According to a drive command value generated depending on the manipulated amount of a plurality of operating means (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16), the operation control device controls the drive amount of actuators (BMS, AMS, BKS, LDM, RDM, TNM) associated with the operated actuator. In the drive amount control, the operation control device changes a ratio of the manipulated amount and the drive amount command value by work accuracy flow rate data (41), weights the drive command values based on the same manipulated values of said operating means by priority mode weight data (42), and/or controls the timing of supply of the drive energy from at least two separate energy sources (FFP, RP) as a drive energy source for the respective actuators, and the supply amount of the drive energy, under control of pump utilization data (43) and pump swash plate control data (44). Every time the operating means are operated, these pieces of the control data are properly determined through proper operations (including the look-up table processing) according to the operations of the operating means, the selections of the work accuracy mode select switch (21) and the priority mode select switch (22).
摘要:
A substrate processing method and apparatus can securely carry out a pre-plating treatment that enables uniform plating in the necessary area of the surface of a substrate. The substrate processing method carries out a cleaning treatment and a catalyst-imparting treatment of a surface of a substrate as pre-plating treatments and then electroless plates a metal film on the catalyst-imparted surface of the substrate. The cleaning treatment is carried out in a wider area of the surface of the substrate than that area to which a catalyst is imparted by the catalyst-imparting treatment.
摘要:
A substrate processing method and apparatus can securely carry out a pre-plating treatment that enables uniform plating in the necessary area of the surface of a substrate. The substrate processing method carries out a cleaning treatment and a catalyst-imparting treatment of a surface of a substrate as pre-plating treatments and then electroless plates a metal film on the catalyst-imparted surface of the substrate. The cleaning treatment is carried out in a wider area of the surface of the substrate than that area to which a catalyst is imparted by the catalyst-imparting treatment.
摘要:
To provide a substrate processing unit, a substrate transfer method, a substrate cleansing process unit, and a substrate plating apparatus that make it possible for a substrate carry-in mechanism such as a robot arm to quickly release hold on the substrate after carrying in the substrate so as to shorten the time for holding the substrate and improve throughput. The substrate processing unit 10 includes a substrate holding mechanism 10 for holding the substrate 11 in a specified holding position, and a processing mechanism 32 for applying a specified process to the substrate held with the substrate holding mechanism in which a substrate guide mechanism 20 is provided with a guide pin 15 for guiding the substrate to vicinity of a holding position. The substrate holding mechanism has a plural number of rollers 14 on an outer periphery of the holding position of the substrate, with the plural number of rollers adapted to hold the substrate by supporting the periphery of the substrate from sides thereof in the vicinity of the holding position, and the roller has an integral structure made up of a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion formed above the large diameter portion, with an upper portion of the large diameter portion having a shoulder portion for the substrate in transfer to be temporarily placed on, and with the shoulder portion formed with a sloped surface sloping down toward its periphery.
摘要:
A construction machine comprises a lower traveling body and an upper revolving body rotatably attached to the lower traveling body via a revolving mechanism 2, wherein a rear surveillance camera is arranged on a back surface side of the upper revolving body between a counter weight of the upper revolving body and a swing circle of the revolving mechanism, and right and left crawler end portions of the lower traveling body 1 can be simultaneously visually checked by means of the rear surveillance camera.
摘要:
A substrate processing unit includes: a vertically-movable substrate holder for holding a substrate; a pan surrounding a periphery of the substrate holder; a cell, located below the substrate holder and within the pan, having in its interior a chemical processing section; and a cell cover, capable of closing a top opening of the cell, having a plurality of spray nozzles for separately spraying at least two types of processing liquids, wherein the pan and the cell each have an individual liquid discharge line.
摘要:
A substrate processing apparatus has a processing tank (10) for plating a substrate (W) in a plating solution (Q) holds therein, a cover (40) for selectively opening and closing an opening (11) of the processing tank (10), a spraying nozzle (60) mounted on an upper surface of the cover (40), and a substrate head (80) for attracting a reverse side of the substrate (W) to hold the substrate (W). With the cover (40) removed from the opening (11) of the processing tank (10), the substrate head (80) is lowered to dip the substrate (W) in the plating solution (Q) for thereby plating the substrate (W). When the substrate head (80) is lifted and the opening (11) of the processing tank (10) is closed by the cover (40), the substrate (W) is cleaned by the spraying nozzle (60).