公开(公告)号：US5766442A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-16

申请号：US829614

申请日：1997-03-31

Applicant: Nevill John Bridger ,  Andrew Derek Turner

Inventor： Nevill John Bridger ,  Andrew Derek Turner

IPC: C02F1/42 ,  B01J47/06 ,  B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/00 ,  C25B11/00 ,  C25B11/03 ,  C25B11/04 ,  C25B15/08 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/38 ,  H02G1/08

CPC classification number: B01J47/08 ,  B01J49/0052

Abstract: An electrode for use in electrochemical ion exchange which includes a hydrolysable metal phosphate such as zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO.sub.4).sub.2) which has been hydrolysed at least in part is regenerated. The electrode is made the anode of an electrochemical cell in which the electrolyte is an aqueous solution containing one or more phosphate ions provided, for example, by a dissolved salt (eg Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4, Na.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 or NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4) or orthophosphoric acid, or both. Preferably, the electrolyte is acidic (eg pH 2). Operation of the cell reverses the hydrolysis reaction and enhances the performance of the electrode.

Abstract translation: 用于电化学离子交换的电极，其包括至少部分被水解的可水解金属磷酸盐如磷酸锆（Zr（HPO 4）2）。 电极被制成电化学电池的阳极，其中电解质是含有例如由溶解的盐（例如Na 3 PO 4，Na 2 HPO 4或NaH 2 PO 4）或正磷酸或两者提供的一种或多种磷酸根离子的水溶液。 优选地，电解质是酸性的（例如pH 2）。 电池的操作反转水解反应并提高电极的性能。

公开(公告)号：US5658534A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-19

申请号：US170630

申请日：1993-12-21

Applicant: Colin Leonard Desborough ,  Roger Barrie Pike ,  Lawrence David Ward

Inventor： Colin Leonard Desborough ,  Roger Barrie Pike ,  Lawrence David Ward

IPC: B01J19/10 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B06B3/00 ,  B06B1/00

CPC classification number: B06B3/00 ,  B01J19/10 ,  B01J19/1881 ,  B01J2219/00768

Abstract: A liquid is subjected to ultrasound within a stainless steel pipe (35) of wall thickness 2.5 mm. Three ultrasonic transducers (56) are equally spaced around the pipe, each fixed to one end of a tapered resonant coupler (46) with a nodal flange (48) by which it is supported with its wider end coaxially within a steel collar (38) welded to the outside of the pipe wall. The space around the sides and the end of the coupler is filled by a buffer liquid such as olive oil. When the transducers (56) are energised they resonate, as do the couplers (46), and ultrasound is transmitted through the buffer liquid and the wall into the liquid inside the pipe (35). Within the pipe the intensity can be sufficient to cause cavitation, and so to cause sonochemical effects.

Abstract translation: 在壁厚2.5mm的不锈钢管（35）内对液体进行超声波处理。 三个超声波换能器（56）围绕管均等间隔，每个超声波换能器（56）均匀地分布在管子周围，每个超声波换能器（56）均固定在具有节点凸缘（48）的锥形谐振耦合器（46）的一端， 焊接到管壁的外侧。 侧面和耦合器的端部之间的空间由诸如橄榄油的缓冲液填充。 当换能器（56）通电时，与耦合器（46）一样，谐振，并且超声波通过缓冲液体和壁传递到管道（35）内的液体中。 在管内，强度足以引起气穴，从而引起声化学作用。

公开(公告)号：US06964202B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-15

申请号：US10243678

申请日：2002-09-16

Applicant: David John Buttle ,  Peter John Thayer ,  William Dalzell

Inventor： David John Buttle ,  Peter John Thayer ,  William Dalzell

IPC: G01N3/00 ,  G01N3/02 ,  G01N3/06 ,  G01N3/32 ,  G01N19/08 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01R33/12

CPC classification number: G01R33/12 ,  G01N3/32 ,  G01N19/08 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/9053 ,  G01N2203/0019 ,  G01N2203/0073 ,  G01N2203/0244 ,  G01N2203/0635

Abstract: The onset of rolling contact fatigue in an object may be detected by measuring the residual stresses in the surface of the object, and monitoring changes in their magnitude or their direction. The values of residual stresses in the surface are those averaged over a depth that may be in the range say 0.1 mm to 8.0 mm, for example about 2.5 mm. For ferromagnetic objects such as rails, the method may utilize an electromagnetic probe. Prior to rolling contact fatigue the surface stresses are compressive, and the onset of rolling contact fatigue may be characterized by a marked decrease of the stress in the generally transverse direction.

Abstract translation: 物体中的滚动接触疲劳的发生可以通过测量物体表面中的残余应力并监测其大小或方向的变化来检测。 表面上的残余应力的值是在可以在0.1mm至8.0mm的范围内的深度平均的值，例如约2.5mm。 对于诸如轨道的铁磁物体，该方法可以利用电磁探针。 在滚动接触疲劳之前，表面应力是压缩的，并且滚动接触疲劳的开始可以通过在大致横向上的应力显着降低来表征。

公开(公告)号：US06850055B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-01

申请号：US10245401

申请日：2002-09-18

Applicant: David John Buttle

Inventor： David John Buttle

IPC: G01N3/00 ,  G01N3/02 ,  G01N3/06 ,  G01N3/32 ,  G01N19/08 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01R33/12 ,  G01B7/24

CPC classification number: G01R33/12 ,  G01N3/32 ,  G01N19/08 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N27/9053 ,  G01N2203/0019 ,  G01N2203/0073 ,  G01N2203/0244 ,  G01N2203/0635

Abstract: The variation in properties of a ferromagnetic material with depth below the surface is assessed in a nondestructive fashion using a probe that incorporates an electromagnet. An alternating magnetic field is generated in the electromagnet and so in the object, and a magnetic sensor is arranged to sense a magnetic field due to the electromagnet. Signals from the magnetic sensor are analysed into an in-phase component and a quadrature component, and these are mapped directly into material property and lift-off components; this analysis enables accurate measurements of material property (such as stress) to be distinguished from changes in lift-off. The measurements are repeated for at least five different frequencies of the alternating magnetic field; and the measurements at different frequencies are deconvolved assuming a functional form for the variation of material property with depth, the function having no more than five unknown constants. The stress at depths for example in the range 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm can hence be measured nondestructively.

Abstract translation: 使用包含电磁体的探头以非破坏性方式评估具有深度低于表面的铁磁材料的性质变化。 在电磁体中产生交变磁场，并且在物体中产生交变磁场，并且磁传感器布置成感测由于电磁体引起的磁场。 来自磁传感器的信号被分析成同相分量和正交分量，并将其直接映射到材料性质和剥离分量中; 该分析使得能够精确地测量材料性质（例如应力）以与剥离的变化区分开来。 在交变磁场的至少五个不同频率上重复测量; 并且对于不同频率的测量，假设具有随深度的材料特性变化的函数形式，该函数具有不超过五个未知常数。 因此，深度的应力例如在0.5mm至5.0mm的范围内可以非破坏性地测量。

公开(公告)号：US20040081591A1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-29

申请号：US10722494

申请日：2003-11-28

Applicant: AEA Technology plc.

Inventor： John Patrick Perkins

IPC: B06B001/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/10 ,  B01J2219/0877

Abstract: Fluids in a vessel are subjected to a high ultrasonic intensity, by means of several ultrasonic transducers attached to a wall of the vessel, each transducer (14) radiating no more than 3 W/cm2, the transducers being sufficiently close to each other, and the number of transducers being sufficiently high, that the power dissipation within the vessel is at least 25 W/litre. The number of transducers, the power of the transducers, and the volume of the vessel may be such that the power density is between 40 and 80 W/litre. The vessel may be double walled, and the space between the two walls be filled by a low attenuation buffer liquid (36) whose cavitation threshold is above that of the liquid being treated.

Abstract translation: 容器中的流体通过附接到容器壁的几个超声波换能器受到高超声波强度，每个换能器（14）辐射不超过3W / cm 2，换能器足够靠近每个 换能器的数量足够高，容器内的功率消耗至少为25W /升。 换能器的数量，换能器的功率和容器的体积可以是功率密度在40和80W /升之间。 容器可以是双壁的，并且两个壁之间的空间由其空化阈值高于被处理液体的低衰减缓冲液（36）填充。

公开(公告)号：US6126779A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-03

申请号：US966215

申请日：1997-11-07

Applicant: Robert Frew Gillespie ,  Stephen Ivor Hall ,  David Raybone ,  Fiona Winterbottom

Inventor： Robert Frew Gillespie ,  Stephen Ivor Hall ,  David Raybone ,  Fiona Winterbottom

IPC: B01D53/32 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/08 ,  B01J19/12 ,  H05H1/24 ,  C23F1/02 ,  C23C16/00 ,  H05H1/30

CPC classification number: B01J19/126 ,  B01D53/323 ,  B01J12/002 ,  B01J19/088 ,  H05H1/46 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  B01J2219/1218 ,  H05H2001/4607

Abstract: A plasma enhanced gas reactor including a reaction chamber having a pair of field-enhancing electrodes each of which has an axial passage through it by one of which a reactant gas is admitted to the reaction chamber, and by the other of which reaction products are removed from the reaction chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种等离子体增强气体反应器，包括具有一对场强增强电极的反应室，每个场增强电极具有轴向通过其中的一个反应气体进入反应室，另一个反应产物被除去 从反应室。

公开(公告)号：US6096439A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US456254

申请日：1995-05-31

Applicant: Stephen John Bull ,  Adrian Michael Jones ,  Andrew Robert McCabe

Inventor： Stephen John Bull ,  Adrian Michael Jones ,  Andrew Robert McCabe

IPC: B29C35/08 ,  B29C59/16 ,  B32B27/16 ,  B32B27/32 ,  B32B27/36

CPC classification number: B29C59/16 ,  B29C2035/0872 ,  B29K2995/0067 ,  Y10S206/819 ,  Y10S428/91 ,  Y10T428/1352 ,  Y10T428/31786 ,  Y10T428/31938

Abstract: An improved polymer film material for the packaging of perishable foodstuffs, wherein the surface structure of the polymer is altered by means of an ion bombardment process so as to reduce the rates of transport of oxygen and water vapor through the polymer material wherein the polymer film material is produced by subjecting at least one surface of the film to ion bombardment with ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, helium, and argon at energies of 30-80 KeV and ion doses in the range of 10.sup.12 to 10.sup.18 ions/cm.sup.2.

Abstract translation: 用于包装易变质食品的改进的聚合物膜材料，其中通过离子轰击过程改变聚合物的表面结构，以便降低通过聚合物材料的氧气和水蒸气的传输速率，其中聚合物膜材料 是通过使膜的至少一个表面与能量为30-80KeV的离子选自氢，碳，氮，氦和氩的离子进行离子轰击而制造的，离子剂量在1012至1018离子范围内 / cm2。

公开(公告)号：US6051204A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US935499

申请日：1997-09-22

Applicant: Michael Joseph Bowe ,  Paul Fallows

Inventor： Michael Joseph Bowe ,  Paul Fallows

IPC: B01F3/08 ,  B01F3/12 ,  B01F5/00 ,  B01F5/02 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01F13/10 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01F5/10

CPC classification number: B01F5/0659 ,  B01F13/1027 ,  B01F5/0057 ,  B01F5/02 ,  B01F5/0275 ,  B01F2003/0028 ,  B01F2003/125 ,  B01F2005/0022 ,  B01F2005/0091

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, preventing the formation of deposits on surfaces downstream of a mixer in which possibly supersaturated mixtures issuing from the mixer are surrounded by a sheath of unsaturated solution. In an arrangement described, the sheath of unsaturated mixture is obtained by bleeding off some of the mixture issuing from the mixer sufficiently downstream of the mixer definitely to be unsaturated and returning this portion of the mixture to surround that issuing from the mixer.

Abstract translation: 用于防止在混合器下游的表面上形成沉积物的方法和装置，其中可能由混合器发出的过饱和混合物被不饱和溶液的护套包围。 在所述的布置中，不饱和混合物的护套是通过从混合器中充分排出混合器的一些充分下游的混合物排出一部分而获得的，以使其不饱和，并将混合物的这一部分从混合器中返回。

公开(公告)号：US5916431A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US351893

申请日：1994-11-10

Applicant: Andrew Derek Turner ,  Ronald Keith Dawson

Inventor： Andrew Derek Turner ,  Ronald Keith Dawson

IPC: B01D29/46 ,  B01D29/62 ,  B01D35/06 ,  B01D61/20 ,  B01D61/42 ,  B01D65/02 ,  B01D65/08 ,  C25F1/00 ,  C25F1/06

CPC classification number: C25F1/00 ,  B01D29/62 ,  B01D35/06 ,  B01D61/425 ,  B01D65/02 ,  B01D65/08 ,  B01D2321/185 ,  B01D2321/22

Abstract: During filtration, periodic application of a potential difference between an electrically conducting filter medium and counter electrode (as anode) generates a gaseous product at the filter and cleans the filter. To minimise corrosion the counter electrode is of low chromium stainless steel, for example 9% chromium.

Abstract translation: 在过滤期间，定期施加导电过滤介质和对电极（作为阳极）之间的电位差在过滤器处产生气态产物并清洁过滤器。 为了最小化腐蚀，对电极是低铬不锈钢，例如9％的铬。

公开(公告)号：US5902457A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-11

申请号：US291902

申请日：1994-08-18

Applicant: Lionel Houston Ford ,  John William Stairmand

Inventor： Lionel Houston Ford ,  John William Stairmand

IPC: B01F3/08 ,  B05B1/08 ,  B05B1/26 ,  B05B7/00 ,  B01D1/16 ,  B05B7/10

CPC classification number: B01D1/007 ,  B05B1/08 ,  B05B1/26 ,  B05B7/0012

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a liquid spray from two jets of fluid which issue from a pair of opposing nozzles and interact, wherein the fluid is supplied to the nozzles under fully turbulent conditions such that random variations in the momentum of the fluid as it leaves the nozzles occur which results in random variations in the orientation of the resultant spray of liquid drops.

Abstract translation: 一种从一对相对喷嘴发出并相互作用的两喷射流产生液体喷射的装置，其中在完全湍流条件下将流体供应到喷嘴，使得当流体离开喷嘴时流体的动量随机变化 发生，这导致所得液滴喷雾的取向的随机变化。