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    Measurement with a magnetic field
    1.
    发明授权
    Measurement with a magnetic field 有权
    用磁场测量

    公开(公告)号：US07215117B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-08

    申请号：US10492135

    申请日：2002-10-07

    Applicant: David John Buttle

    Inventor： David John Buttle

    IPC: G01B7/24 ,  G01N27/72

    CPC classification number: G01N27/9053 ,  G01N3/32 ,  G01N19/08 ,  G01N27/72 ,  G01N2203/0019 ,  G01N2203/0073 ,  G01N2203/0244 ,  G01N2203/0635 ,  G01R33/12

    Abstract: Material properties such as stress in a ferromagnetic material may be measured using an electromagnetic probe. While generating an alternating magnetic field in the object, and sensing the resulting magnetic field with a sensor, the signals from the magnetic sensor may be resolved into in-phase and quadrature components. The signals are affected by both geometrical parameters such as lift-off and by material properties, but these influences may be separated by mapping the in-phase and quadrature components directly into material property and lift-off components, and hence a material property and/or the lift-off may be determined. The mapping may be represented in the impedance plane as two sets of contours representing signal variation with lift-off (A) (for different values of stress) and signal variation with stress (B) (for different values of lift-off), the contours of both sets (A, B) being curved. The stress contours (B) intersect any one liftoff contour (A) at a constant angle. Hence calibration measurements taken along a few contours of each set enable the positions of the other contours of each set to be determined.

    Abstract translation: 诸如铁磁材料中的应力的材料特性可以使用电磁探针来测量。 当在物体中产生交变磁场并且用传感器感测所得到的磁场时，来自磁传感器的信号可以被分解为同相和正交分量。 这些信号受诸如剥离和材料特性等几何参数的影响，但是这些影响可以通过将同相和正交成分直接映射到材料性质和剥离部件中而分离，因此材料性质和/ 或者可以确定剥离。 映射可以在阻抗平面中表示为两组轮廓，表示具有提升（A）（对于不同的应力值）和信号随应力（B）的变化的信号变化（对于不同的提升值）， 两组（A，B）的轮廓曲线。 应力轮廓（B）以恒定的角度与任何一个离开轮廓（A）相交。 因此，沿着每组的几个轮廓进行的校准测量使得能够确定每组的其它轮廓的位置。

    Stable LVDT extensometer
    2.
    发明授权
    Stable LVDT extensometer 失效
    稳定的LVDT引伸计

    公开(公告)号：US06907677B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-06-21

    申请号：US10346817

    申请日：2003-01-18

    Applicant: George A. Hartman

    Inventor： George A. Hartman

    IPC: G01B7/16 ,  G01L1/22 ,  G01N3/06

    CPC classification number: G01B7/16 ,  G01L1/2206 ,  G01N2203/0635

    Abstract: A new extensometer is disclosed that avoids prior art problems of drift and other problems from variations in temperature, humidity and other environmental factors. Two primary extensometer body parts each hold at one end specimen contact rods and at their other ends a displacement measuring sensor, preferably a linear variable differential transformer. A thin hinge area connects the two body parts into a single piece monolithic construction so that relative movement between the two body parts is restricted to a single rotational degree of freedom.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种新的伸长计，其避免了由温度，湿度和其它环境因素的变化引起的漂移等现有技术问题。 两个主要引伸计主体部分分别保持在一端试样接触杆，另一端保持位移测量传感器，优选线性可变差动变压器。 薄的铰链区域将两个主体部分连接成单件整体结构，使得两个主体部件之间的相对运动被限制为单个旋转自由度。

    Apparatus for characterizing material properties and method
    3.
    发明申请
    Apparatus for characterizing material properties and method 审中-公开
    用于表征材料特性和方法的装置

    公开(公告)号：US20020170360A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-11-21

    申请号：US09858878

    申请日：2001-05-15

    Inventor： Lallit Anand ,  Brian P. Gearing ,  Sauri Gudlavalleti

    IPC: G01N003/20

    CPC classification number: G01N3/24 ,  G01N3/20 ,  G01N2203/0025 ,  G01N2203/0026 ,  G01N2203/0075 ,  G01N2203/0254 ,  G01N2203/027 ,  G01N2203/0286 ,  G01N2203/0635

    Abstract: A testing apparatus has an integral load cell element. The apparatus may be used to characterize a property of a sample on, for example, the mesoscale. The apparatus has a frame, at least one actuator and at least one displacement sensor. The apparatus may further include a controller and data acquisition equipment. At least one portion of the frame defines at least one flexure element that is capable of being displaced, by the actuator or a sample, along a rectilinear axis. The frame defining the flexure element has a platform and at least two parallel beams or springs supporting the platform. The portion of the frame defining the flexure element tends to restrict displacement of the sample rectilinearly along an axis that is parallel to the applied force. The arrangement also provides a counter-rotating associated with a cantilever spring assembly. An indentation testing apparatus is has the capability to indent a sample with an indenter. A biaxial testing apparatus has the capability to apply a displacement along two axes. The actuators of the biaxial testing apparatus are de-coupled to remove interaction between the applied forces. The testing apparatus can be tailored to a specific characterization test by selecting an appropriate sample size, geometry, frame material, flexure element geometry, indenter, actuator and displacement sensor. The testing apparatus is capable of measuring 1 nullN to 10 N forces with a resolution of 50 nullN.

    Abstract translation: 一种测试装置具有一体的称重传感元件。 该装置可以用于表征样品在例如中尺度上的性质。 该装置具有框架，至少一个致动器和至少一个位移传感器。 该装置还可以包括控制器和数据采集设备。 框架的至少一部分限定至少一个弯曲元件，其能够由致动器或样品沿着直线轴线移位。 限定挠曲元件的框架具有平台和支撑平台的至少两个平行的梁或弹簧。 限定弯曲元件的框架的部分倾向于限制样品沿着与所施加的力平行的轴线直线地移动。 该布置还提供与悬臂弹簧组件相关的反向旋转。 压痕测试装置具有使用压头缩进样品的能力。 双轴测试装置具有沿两个轴施加位移的能力。 双轴测试装置的致动器被去耦合以消除所施加的力之间的相互作用。 可以通过选择适当的样品尺寸，几何形状，框架材料，挠曲元件几何形状，压头，致动器和位移传感器来将测试设备定制成特定的表征测试。 测试仪器能够以50μN的分辨率测量1〜10N的力。

    Nondestructive fatigue test method for ferromagnetic construction materials
    4.
    发明授权
    Nondestructive fatigue test method for ferromagnetic construction materials 失效
    铁磁建筑材料非破坏性疲劳试验方法

    公开(公告)号：US06345534B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

    申请号：US09608914

    申请日：2000-06-30

    Applicant: Seiki Takahashi

    Inventor： Seiki Takahashi

    IPC: G01B530

    CPC classification number: G01N3/066 ,  G01N2203/0017 ,  G01N2203/0218 ,  G01N2203/0635

    Abstract: A nondestructive test method determines fatigue of a test ferromagnetic construction material by quantifying a change in effective stress due to aging of the test material, in which the magnetic susceptibility (&khgr;c) of the test material is measured in its aged state under a magnetic field having a specified intensity (H) according to a relation as expressed by a first equation: c=&khgr;c H3. The magnetic susceptibility (&khgr;c) so measured and the magnetic field intensity (H) are put into the first equation, to obtain a susceptibility coefficient (c) of the test material. The susceptibility coefficient (c) so obtained is put into a second equation: &sgr;={log (c)−a}/b, where a and b are known constants determined by an internal structure of the test material, to obtain a current tensile stress (&sgr;) of the test material. The current tensile stress (&sgr;) of the test material so obtained is compared with a known, initial tensile stress (&sgr;0) of the same test material, to determine a change in effective tensile stress of the test material.

    Abstract translation: 非破坏性测试方法通过量化由于测试材料的老化引起的有效应力的变化来测定测试铁磁结构材料的疲劳，其中测试材料的磁化率（＆khgr; c）在其老化状态下在磁性 根据由第一等式表示的关系具有指定强度（H）的场：c =＆khgr; c H3。 将测量的磁化率（＆khgr; c）和磁场强度（H）放入第一等式中，以获得测试材料的磁化率系数（c）。 将如此获得的磁化率系数（c）放入第二个等式：σ= {log（c）-a} / b，其中a和b是由测试材料的内部结构确定的已知常数，以获得电流拉伸 测试材料的应力（σ）。 将如此获得的测试材料的当前拉伸应力（σ）与同一测试材料的已知初始拉伸应力（sigma0）进行比较，以确定测试材料的有效拉伸应力的变化。

    Method of achieving high transduction under tension or compression
    8.
    发明授权
    Method of achieving high transduction under tension or compression 有权
    在张力或压缩条件下实现高转换的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07597010B1

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-06

    申请号：US11274635

    申请日：2005-11-15

    Applicant: Arthur E. Clark ,  Marilyn Wun-Fogle ,  James B. Restorff

    Inventor： Arthur E. Clark ,  Marilyn Wun-Fogle ,  James B. Restorff

    IPC: G01L3/00

    CPC classification number: H01L41/12 ,  C21D8/12 ,  C21D8/125 ,  G01N2203/0635 ,  H01F1/047

    Abstract: A method of using a magnetostrictive material to achieve a high magnetomechanical coupling factor comprising building an internal anisotropy energy into the magnetostrictive material and applying a tensile or compressive stress to the magnetostrictive material with the built-in internal anisotropy energy. The internal anisotropy energy is built into the magnetostrictive material by annealing the magnetostrictive material under an annealing stress or a suitable magnetic field. For a positive magnetostrictive material, when the annealing stress is compressive, the stress applied to the annealed material under operation is tensile, and when the annealing stress is the tensile, the stress applied to the annealed material under operation is compressive. For a negative magnetostrictive material, when the annealing stress is compressive, the stress applied to the annealed material under operation is tensile, and when the annealing stress is tensile, the stress applied to the annealed material under operation is compressive.

    Abstract translation: 一种使用磁致伸缩材料来实现高磁机械耦合因子的方法，包括将内部各向异性能量建立到磁致伸缩材料中，并以内置的各向异性能量向磁致伸缩材料施加拉伸或压缩应力。 通过在退火应力或合适的磁场下退火磁致伸缩材料，将内部各向异性能量内置于磁致伸缩材料中。 对于正磁致伸缩材料，当退火应力为压缩时，作用于退火材料的应力是拉伸的，当退火应力为拉伸时，施加在退火材料上的应力是压缩的。 对于负磁致伸缩材料，当退火应力为压缩时，作用于退火材料的应力是拉伸的，当退火应力为拉伸时，施加在退火材料上的应力是压缩的。

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