公开(公告)号：US20050074643A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-07

申请号：US10679756

申请日：2003-10-06

Applicant: Paul Adams ,  Andrew Curello ,  Floyd Fairbanks ,  Guy Lefebvre ,  Yann Lefebvre ,  Rene Frigiere ,  Michel Doucet

Inventor： Paul Adams ,  Andrew Curello ,  Floyd Fairbanks ,  Guy Lefebvre ,  Yann Lefebvre ,  Rene Frigiere ,  Michel Doucet

IPC: B01J4/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06 ,  B01J8/00

CPC classification number: H01M8/04208 ,  B01J4/008 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  H01M8/04201 ,  H01M8/065 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2250/30 ,  Y02B90/18 ,  Y02E60/362 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: Fuel supplies for fuel cells are disclosed. The fuel supplies can be a pressurized or non-pressurized cartridge that can be used with any fuel cells, including but not limited to, direct methanol fuel cell or reformer fuel cell. In one aspect, a fuel supply may contain a reaction chamber to convert fuel to hydrogen. The fuel supplies may also contain a pump. The fuel supply may have a valve connecting the fuel to the fuel cell, and a vent to vent gas from the fuel supply. Methods for forming various fuel supplies are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于燃料电池的燃料供应。 燃料供应可以是可与任何燃料电池（包括但不限于直接甲醇燃料电池或重整器燃料电池）一起使用的加压或非加压筒。 在一个方面，燃料供应可以包含将燃料转化为氢的反应室。 燃料供应还可以包含泵。 燃料供应可以具有将燃料连接到燃料电池的阀和用于从燃料供应排出气体的排气口。 还公开了形成各种燃料供应的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5746985A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-05

申请号：US877513

申请日：1997-06-17

Applicant: Tomonori Takahashi

Inventor： Tomonori Takahashi

IPC: B01D53/22 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C01B3/56 ,  H01M8/06 ,  F01N3/10

CPC classification number: B01J4/04 ,  B01J10/007 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B3/386 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  C01B2203/0205 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/1223 ,  C01B2203/1229 ,  C01B2203/1604

Abstract: A reforming reactor is provided with a catalyst and a heating resistor. The heating resistor is embedded in a catalyst. A reforming reactor can start rapidly with high thermal efficiency and which is excellent in recovery of hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 重整反应器设有催化剂和加热电阻。 加热电阻器嵌入催化剂中。 重整反应器可以以高热效率快速启动，并且氢回收率优异。

公开(公告)号：US5730875A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-24

申请号：US749742

申请日：1996-11-15

Applicant: Thomas L. Grisham ,  Janet K. Peters ,  Keith W. Sharp ,  Edward E. Ebel

Inventor： Thomas L. Grisham ,  Janet K. Peters ,  Keith W. Sharp ,  Edward E. Ebel

IPC: B01J4/04 ,  B01J10/00 ,  C01D7/18 ,  C02F1/38 ,  C01D7/00

CPC classification number: C01D7/18 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J4/04

Abstract: A method of optimizing and controlling gas-liquid phase chemical reactions includes the steps of introducing a liquid reactant to the hollow interior of a cylindrical porous tube in a thin film following a spiral flow pattern around and along the wall of the tube; controlling the physical characteristics of the liquid film and the flow pattern followed by the film through the tube; mixing a gas reactant and an inert gas in preselected proportion; sparging the mixture of gas reactant and inert gas through the wall of the tube and into the liquid film to form a multiplicity of gas bubbles in interfacial contact with the gas; allowing the gas reactant and the liquid reactant to chemically react; segregating the remaining gas from the liquid within the tube; and separating the cleaned liquid stream from the contaminant laden gas stream.

Abstract translation: 优化和控制气 - 液相化学反应的方法包括以下步骤：在围绕并沿着管壁的螺旋流动模式下将液体反应物引入薄膜中的圆柱形多孔管的中空内部; 通过管子控制液膜的物理特性和随后的膜流动模式; 以预选比例混合气体反应物和惰性气体; 将气体反应物和惰性气体的混合物通过管壁喷射到液体膜中以形成与气体界面接触的多个气泡; 使气体反应物和液体反应物发生化学反应; 将剩余气体与管内的液体分离; 以及将清洁的液体流与载有污染物的气流分离。

公开(公告)号：US5723045A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-03

申请号：US696222

申请日：1996-08-13

Applicant: Ernest Ludwig Daman

Inventor： Ernest Ludwig Daman

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F1/72

CPC classification number: B01J19/24 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F11/086 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00112 ,  B01J2219/00157 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00186 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus are disclosed for the supercritical water oxidation of organic waste materials which avoids or at least substantially reduces the corrosion and solids deposition problems associated with prior art techniques. According to this invention, externally heated supercritical water is fed to a platelet tube reactor to both protectively coat its inner surface and heat the waste stream to oxidation reaction conditions. Higher reaction temperatures can be used as compared to prior art processes, which significantly improves the reaction rate and permits smaller reactors to be used. The protective film of water on the reactor inner surface, coupled with the elimination of preheating of the waste material, substantially reduces solids deposition and corrosion.

公开(公告)号：US5583240A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-10

申请号：US205183

申请日：1994-03-02

Applicant: William J. Asher ,  Daryl L. Roberts ,  Jerry L. Jones ,  Douglas E. Gottschlich

Inventor： William J. Asher ,  Daryl L. Roberts ,  Jerry L. Jones ,  Douglas E. Gottschlich

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  B01D63/06 ,  B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J14/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07B41/04 ,  C07B45/02 ,  C07B61/00

CPC classification number: B01D67/0088 ,  B01D63/061 ,  B01D67/0041 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01J10/007 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J14/005 ,  B01J19/2425 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  B01J8/009 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01D2323/08 ,  B01J2208/00008 ,  B01J2208/00265 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00548 ,  B01J2208/00575 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: An exothermic process for forming a product which may be in a liquid phase is disclosed wherein a first reactant, preferably a liquid reactant, is directly fed into a reaction zone containing mixing elements and which comprises a first compartment of a reactor. A second reactant, which is maintained at a higher pressure, is fed into a second compartment of the reactor separated from the first compartment by a porous wall. The second reactant passes through this porous wall into the reaction zone to react with the first reactant. The process thereby controls rates of the reactions and the exothermic heats generated by the reactions. Pulsatile flow in one or both reaction compartments improves mixing. An evaporator for a portion of the product improves product quality and permits higher reaction temperatures in the reactor.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于形成可能处于液相的产物的放热方法，其中将第一反应物，优选液体反应物直接进料到含有混合元件的反应区中，并且其包含反应器的第一隔室。 保持在较高压力下的第二反应物通过多孔壁进料到与第一隔室分离的第二反应室中。 第二反应物通过该多孔壁进入反应区以与第一反应物反应。 该方法由此控制由反应产生的反应速率和放热。 一个或两个反应室中的脉动流改善混合。 用于产品的一部分的蒸发器提高产品质量并允许反应器中的较高反应温度。

公开(公告)号：US5523003A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-04

申请号：US244994

申请日：1994-06-20

Applicant: Michael Sell ,  Michael Bischoff ,  Andreas Mann ,  Rolf-Dieter Behling ,  Klaus-Viktor Peinemann ,  Klemens Kneifel

Inventor： Michael Sell ,  Michael Bischoff ,  Andreas Mann ,  Rolf-Dieter Behling ,  Klaus-Viktor Peinemann ,  Klemens Kneifel

IPC: B01D53/22 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D71/64 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F5/04 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J31/08 ,  C02F1/70 ,  C02F3/20 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C12M1/12

CPC classification number: C02F1/70 ,  B01F5/0471 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F3/208 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02W10/15

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of introducing hydrogen into aqueous liquids without forming bubbles.In this case, the introduction of the gas takes place through a composite membrane with a non-porous coating on the liquid side. Preferred fields of use relate to the charging of hydrogen into biologically or catalytically operating processes for the removal of oxygen, nitrite and/or nitrate from water.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 02924 Sec。 371日期：1994年6月20日 102（e）日期1994年6月20日PCT提交1992年12月16日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 13022 日期：1993年7月8日本发明涉及将氢气引入含水液体而不形成气泡的方法。 在这种情况下，气体的引入通过在液体侧具有无孔涂层的复合膜进行。 优选的使用领域涉及将氢气充入用于从水中除去氧，亚硝酸盐和/或硝酸盐的生物或催化操作方法。

公开(公告)号：US5461648A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

申请号：US329417

申请日：1994-10-27

Applicant: George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb ,  M. Lalith Kumar

Inventor： George W. Nauflett ,  Robert E. Farncomb ,  M. Lalith Kumar

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/02 ,  C02F11/08 ,  G21C1/00 ,  G21C9/00

CPC classification number: G21C1/00 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J19/0066 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C02F11/086 ,  B01J2219/00765 ,  B01J2219/0231 ,  G21Y2002/103 ,  G21Y2004/303 ,  Y02E30/30 ,  Y02E30/40 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: A supercritical water oxidation reactor includes a vessel with an interiorurface, two cooling sections, a heat exchanger, an oxygenating section, a pump, and a trap. The interior surface of the vessel has a corrosion-resistant, artificial ceramic or diamond-like coating. The artificial diamond coating is thin and crystal-like in structure. The heat exchanger is located between the two cooling sections. The heat exchanger and the two cooling sections surround the exterior of the vessel. The oxygenating section comprises a porous cylindrical baffle positioned within the vessel. The porous baffle transfers oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or other oxygenating substances to an aqueous hazardous waste introduced into the reactor.In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the oxygenating section includes a shaft having a helical extension. The shaft has a corrosion-resistant, artificial diamond or diamond-like coating on its outer surface. The shaft rotates the helical extension to assist in removing solids from the aqueous hazardous waste.

Abstract translation: 超临界水氧化反应器包括具有内表面的容器，两个冷却部分，热交换器，氧合部分，泵和捕集器。 容器的内表面具有耐腐蚀，人造陶瓷或类金刚石涂层。 人造金刚石涂层结构薄，晶体状。 热交换器位于两个冷却段之间。 热交换器和两个冷却部分围绕容器的外部。 氧合部分包括位于容器内的多孔圆柱形挡板。 多孔挡板将氧气，过氧化氢或其他氧化物质转移到引入反应器的有害废水中。 根据本发明的另一方面，氧合部分包括具有螺旋延伸部的轴。 轴在其外表面上具有耐腐蚀的人造金刚石或类金刚石涂层。 轴旋转螺旋延伸部分以帮助从含水危险废物中除去固体。

公开(公告)号：US5456888A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-10

申请号：US152516

申请日：1993-11-16

Applicant: Jean-Marc Gilson ,  Denis Sbardella

Inventor： Jean-Marc Gilson ,  Denis Sbardella

IPC: C08G85/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08G77/06 ,  C08G77/08

CPC classification number: C08G77/06 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00774

Abstract: A continuous static polymerization reactor for the production of liquid polymers comprises an elongated hollow reaction chamber (30) which has a porous wall (31) and a jacket means (40) spaced around the reaction chamber (30), which is provided with means (44) for introducing a fluid through the porous wall (31). The reactor is particularly useful for a process for making liquid polymers by condensing monomers and/or oligomers. It comprising the use of a pressurized gas to cause the reaction mixture to reach a foam consistency. This is beneficial in the condensation polymerization. Feeding a fluid through the porous wall into the reaction chamber avoids build up of the polymer on the wall.

Abstract translation: 用于制备液体聚合物的连续静态聚合反应器包括具有多孔壁（31）和围绕反应室（30）间隔开的夹套装置（40）的细长中空反应室（30），其设有装置 44），用于通过多孔壁（31）引入流体。 反应器特别可用于通过缩合单体和/或低聚物制备液体聚合物的方法。 其包括使用加压气体以使反应混合物达到泡沫稠度。 这在缩聚中是有益的。 将流体通过多孔壁进入反应室避免聚合物在壁上积聚。

公开(公告)号：US5227141A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-13

申请号：US878531

申请日：1992-05-05

Applicant: Jae J. Kim ,  Wha Y. Lee ,  In K. Song

Inventor： Jae J. Kim ,  Wha Y. Lee ,  In K. Song

IPC: B01J15/00 ,  B01J4/04 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B01J23/30 ,  B01J27/188 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C1/24 ,  C07C5/333 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C41/09 ,  C07C43/06

CPC classification number: C07C41/09 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  B01J8/009 ,  B01J8/02 ,  C07C1/24 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00539 ,  C07C2527/18 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A membrane catalytic reactor which comprises a heteropolyacid selected from the group consisting of 12-tungstophosphoric acid, 12-molybdophosphoric acid, 12-molybdotungstophosphoric acid, and 12-tungstosilicic acid, and polysulfone membrane is provided. This membrane catalytic reactor is applicable to vapor-phase dehydration, dehydrogenation, oxidation, and simultaneous separation of organic or inorganic materials, particularly vapor-phase dehydration of ethanol.

Abstract translation: 提供一种膜催化反应器，其包含选自由12-钨磷酸，12-钼磷酸，12-钼钨磷酸和12-钨硅酸组成的组的杂多酸和聚砜膜。 该膜催化反应器适用于有机或无机材料的气相脱水，脱氢，氧化和同时分离，特别是乙醇的汽相脱水。

公开(公告)号：US5141604A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US447596

申请日：1989-12-08

Applicant: William M. Ayers

Inventor： William M. Ayers

IPC: B01J4/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C01B6/00 ,  C01B15/029 ,  C01B21/16 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/15 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C45/49 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C25B1/00

CPC classification number: C07C255/00 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  B01J4/04 ,  C01B15/029 ,  C01B15/0295 ,  C01B21/16 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C01B6/00 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C01C1/0405 ,  C07C29/15 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C45/49 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C25B1/00 ,  B01J2219/00177 ,  B01J2219/00186 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: The present invention involves a method of chemically removing a mobile atom from a mobile atom-containing reactant molecule. The method includes: (a) absorbing the mobile atom-containing reactant on one side of a solid, mobile atom transmissive membrane; (b) passing the mobile atom through the membrane to the opposite surface; (c) reacting the mobile atom; (d) desorbing the mobile atom depleted reactant molecule from the reaction side of the membrane. The mobile atom may be hydrogen and the method preferably involves controlling the flux of mobile atoms through the membrane to control the rate of removal of mobile atoms from the first reactant molecule. Electrically conductive, atom permeable, biasing means are used to control the surface potential, e.g. biasing means on the hydrogen removal reaction side as well as biasing means on the opposite side of the membrane. The reactor used in the method is another aspect of the present invention.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种从含移动原子的反应物分子中化学去除移动原子的方法。 该方法包括：（a）在固体，移动原子透射膜的一侧上吸收含有移动原子的反应物; （b）将移动原子通过膜传递到相对表面; （c）使移动原子反应; （d）从膜的反应侧解吸移动的原子消耗的反应物分子。 移动原子可以是氢，并且该方法优选地涉及控制通过膜的移动原子的通量以控制从第一反应物分子去除移动原子的速率。 导电的，原子可透过的偏压装置用于控制表面电势，例如， 除氢反应侧的偏置装置以及膜相反侧的偏置装置。 该方法中使用的反应器是本发明的另一方面。