公开(公告)号：US20090047429A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-19

申请号：US12030362

申请日：2008-02-13

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Fan Yang ,  Richard Lunt

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Fan Yang ,  Richard Lunt

IPC: C23C16/44

CPC classification number: C23C14/24 ,  B05D1/60 ,  C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/228

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus and methods for organic continuum vapor deposition of organic materials on large area substrates.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了有机材料在大面积基板上的有机连续蒸气沉积的装置和方法。

公开(公告)号：US07488542B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-10

申请号：US10913211

申请日：2004-08-06

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov ,  Scott Sibley ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov ,  Scott Sibley ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L51/54 ,  H01L51/56

CPC classification number: H01L51/0084 ,  C07D487/22 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/10 ,  C09K2211/1003 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1018 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/1033 ,  C09K2211/1074 ,  C09K2211/18 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  C09K2211/186 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0067 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5221 ,  H01L51/5234 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H01L2251/5323 ,  H05B33/14 ,  H05B33/28 ,  Y10S428/917 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: Organic light emitting devices are disclosed which are comprised of a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence wherein the heterostructure is comprised of an emissive layer containing a phosphorescent dopant compound. For example, the phosphorescent dopant compound may be comprised of platinum octaethylporphine (PtOEP), which is a compound having the chemical structure with the formula:

Abstract translation: 公开了由用于产生电致发光的异质结构组成的有机发光器件，其中异质结构由含有磷光掺杂剂化合物的发射层组成。 例如，磷光掺杂剂化合物可以由具有以下化学结构的化合物的铂八乙基卟吩（PtOEP）组成：

公开(公告)号：US07431968B1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-07

申请号：US10233470

申请日：2002-09-04

Applicant: Max Shtein ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Max Shtein ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: C23C16/00

CPC classification number: C23C14/12 ,  C23C14/24

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic film is provided. A non-reactive carrier gas is used to transport an organic vapor. The organic vapor is ejected through a nozzle block onto a cooled substrate, to form a patterned organic film. A device for carrying out the method is also provided. The device includes a source of organic vapors, a source of carrier gas and a vacuum chamber. A heated nozzle block attached to the source of organic vapors and the source of carrier gas has at least one nozzle adapted to eject carrier gas and organic vapors onto a cooled substrate disposed within the vacuum chamber.

Abstract translation: 提供一种制造有机膜的方法。 非反应性载气用于运输有机蒸气。 将有机蒸气通过喷嘴块喷射到冷却的基底上，以形成图案化的有机膜。 还提供了一种用于执行该方法的装置。 该装置包括有机蒸汽源，载气源和真空室。 连接到有机蒸气源和载气源的加热喷嘴块具有至少一个适于将载气和有机蒸汽喷射到设置在真空室内的冷却基板上的喷嘴。

公开(公告)号：US20080176098A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-24

申请号：US11787874

申请日：2007-04-17

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Peter Peumans

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Vladimir Bulovic ,  Peter Peumans

IPC: B32B9/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L27/305 ,  H01L27/307 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/005 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4273 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device having a plurality of cells disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode. Each cell includes a photoconductive organic hole transport layer adjacent to a photoconductive organic electron transport layer. A metal or metal substitute is disposed between each of the cells. At least one exciton blocking layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract translation: 一种有机光敏光电器件，其具有设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的多个单元。 每个电池包括与光电导有机电子传输层相邻的光导有机空穴传输层。 金属或金属替代物设置在每个电池之间。 至少一个激子阻挡层设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。

公开(公告)号：US07381479B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-03

申请号：US11122160

申请日：2005-05-03

Applicant: Sergey Lamansky ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Vadim Adamovich ,  Peter I. Djurovich ,  Chihaya Adachi ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Raymond Kwong

Inventor： Sergey Lamansky ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Vadim Adamovich ,  Peter I. Djurovich ,  Chihaya Adachi ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Raymond Kwong

IPC: H01L51/54 ,  C09K11/06

CPC classification number: C09K11/06 ,  C07F15/0033 ,  C07F15/0086 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1011 ,  C09K2211/1014 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/1044 ,  C09K2211/1088 ,  C09K2211/1092 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  H01L51/0084 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H05B33/14 ,  Y10S428/917

Abstract: Emissive phosphorescent organometallic compounds are described that produce improved electroluminescence, particularly in the blue region of the visible spectrum. Organic light emitting devices employing such emissive phosphorescent organometallic compounds are also described. Also described is an organic light emitting layer including a host material having a lowest triplet excited state having a decay rate of less than about 1 per second; a guest material dispersed in the host material, the guest material having a lowest triplet excited state having a radiative decay rate of greater than about 1×105 or about 1×106 per second and wherein the energy level of the lowest triplet excited state of the host material is lower than the energy level of the lowest triplet excited state of the guest material.

公开(公告)号：US07078113B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-18

申请号：US10226861

申请日：2002-08-23

Applicant: Mark E. Thompson ,  Xiaofan Ren ,  Peter Djurovich ,  Haiping Hong ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Chihaya Adachi

Inventor： Mark E. Thompson ,  Xiaofan Ren ,  Peter Djurovich ,  Haiping Hong ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Chihaya Adachi

IPC: H05B33/12

CPC classification number: H01L51/5096 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/1044 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  C09K2211/187 ,  C09K2211/188 ,  H01L51/002 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/007 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0079 ,  H01L51/008 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0083 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  H01L2251/552 ,  H05B33/14 ,  Y10S428/917 ,  Y10T428/24942

Abstract: Light emitting devices having charge transporting layers comprising one or more metal complexes are provided. More particularly, devices include hole transporting layers comprising at least one metal complex are disclosed. The present devices can further comprise an electron blocking layer for improved efficiency.

公开(公告)号：US07061011B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US10721072

申请日：2003-11-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC: H01L35/24

CPC classification number: H01L51/0504 ,  H01L51/002 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0062

Abstract: An organic device is provided, having a first electrode and a second electrode. A first organic layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first organic layer includes a first organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and a second organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. A second organic layer is also disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second organic layer includes the second organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and the first organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. The first organic material may act as an n-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as a p-dopant in the first organic layer. Alternately, the first organic material may act as a p-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as an n-dopant in the first organic layer. Exemplary materials for the first and second organic materials include PTCDA and BTQBT. Devices that may be fabricated include organic light emitting devices, organic transistors, and organic photosensitive devices. Preferably, the electron affinity of the first organic material is within about 0.4 eV of the ionization potential of the second organic material, and more preferably within about 0.2 eV. The first and second organic layers may also be used in separate devices fabricated on the same substrate. A method of fabricating devices is provided, by co-depositing the first and second organic materials at different concentrations in different layers, such that a different material is the host in different layers.

Abstract translation: 提供了具有第一电极和第二电极的有机器件。 第一有机层设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第一有机层包括浓度为至少50％摩尔的第一有机材料和浓度小于50％摩尔的第二有机材料。 第二有机层也设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第二有机层包括浓度至少为50％摩尔的第二有机材料和第一有机材料，其浓度小于50％摩尔。 第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中充当n掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当p掺杂剂。 或者，第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中用作p掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当n掺杂剂。 用于第一和第二有机材料的示例性材料包括PTCDA和BTQBT。 可以制造的器件包括有机发光器件，有机晶体管和有机光敏器件。 优选地，第一有机材料的电子亲和力在第二有机材料的电离电位的约0.4eV内，更优选在约0.2eV内。 第一和第二有机层也可以用在同一衬底上制造的分开的器件中。 提供一种制造器件的方法，通过在不同层中以不同浓度共沉积第一和第二有机材料，使得不同的材料是不同层中的主体。

公开(公告)号：US07025277B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-11

申请号：US09956085

申请日：2001-09-20

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Peter Peumans

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Peter Peumans

IPC: G06K19/06

CPC classification number: G06K19/07745 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A smart card may include integrated circuitry and I/O components composed of organic materials. Organic materials are advantageous because they remain intact under instances of physical stress. They permit the smart card to undergo flexion from time to time without damaging the processing components thereon. Further, use of organic materials leads to reduced costs during manufacture. For example, the organic materials may be provided directly upon substrates composed of ordinary plastic materials thereby reducing the costs of manufacture of these smart cards when compared with smart cards that are made of traditional silicon-based integrated circuits.

公开(公告)号：US06970490B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-29

申请号：US10143354

申请日：2002-05-10

Applicant: Russell James Delmar Holmes ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Russell James Delmar Holmes ,  Marc A. Baldo ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L51/50 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/125 ,  H01S5/20 ,  H01S5/36 ,  H01S5/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/36 ,  H01L51/006 ,  H01L51/5048 ,  H01L51/5296 ,  H01S5/06203 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/125 ,  H01S5/2004

Abstract: When the density of excitons in an organic single crystal (including the linear acenes, polyacenes, and thiophenes) approaches the density of molecular sites, an electron-hole plasma may form in the material altering the overall excitonic character of the system. The formation of the electron-hole plasma arises as a result of the screening of Coulomb interactions within individual excitons by injected free carriers. The large exciton densities required to accomplish this screening process can only be realized when excitons collect near dislocations, defects, traps, or are confined in heterostructures. Such confinement and subsequently large exciton densities allows for the observation of physical phenomena not generally accessible in an organic material. Specifically, the formation of an electron-hole plasma in an organic single crystal can allow for the observation of field-effect transistor action and electrically-pumped lasing. Amorphous organic materials and polymeric organic materials can also used to sustain an electron-hole plasma and demonstrate similar phenomena as well.

Abstract translation: 当有机单晶（包括线性烯烃，多烯烃和噻吩）中的激子的密度接近分子位点的密度时，在材料中可能形成电子 - 空穴等离子体，从而改变系统的整体激子特性。 电子空穴等离子体的形成是通过注入游离载体筛选个别激子内的库仑相互作用的结果。 完成该筛选过程所需的大的激子密度只能在激子收集到位错，缺陷，陷阱附近或被限制在异质结构中时实现。 这种约束和随后的大的激子密度允许观察有机材料中通常不可接近的物理现象。 具体地说，在有机单晶中形成电子空穴等离子体可以观察场效应晶体管作用和电泵浦激光。 无定形有机材料和聚合有机材料也可以用于维持电子 - 空穴等离子体并且也表现出类似的现象。

公开(公告)号：US06885149B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-26

申请号：US10696286

申请日：2003-10-28

Applicant: Gautam Parthasarathy ,  Chihaya Adachi ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Gautam Parthasarathy ,  Chihaya Adachi ,  Paul E. Burrows ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: A61B17/00 ,  A61B17/22 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61F2/958 ,  A61F7/00 ,  A61F7/12 ,  A61M25/00 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H05B33/10 ,  H05B33/28 ,  H05B33/00 ,  H05B33/14 ,  H05B33/26

CPC classification number: H01L51/5234 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B2017/00084 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2018/00095 ,  A61F7/123 ,  A61F2007/126 ,  A61M25/00 ,  A61M25/1011 ,  A61M2025/1072 ,  A61M2025/1086 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/5052 ,  H01L51/5092 ,  H01L51/5096 ,  H01L2251/5323 ,  H01L2251/558

Abstract: A highly transparent non-metallic cathode is disclosed that comprises a metal-doped organic electron injection layer that is in direct contact with a transparent non-metallic electron injecting cathode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), wherein the metal-doped organic electron injection layer also functions as an exciton blocking or hole blocking layer. The metal-doped organic electron injection layer is created by diffusing an ultra-thin layer of about 5-10 Å of a highly electropositive metal such as Li throughout the layer. A representative embodiment of the highly transparent non-metallic cathode comprises a layer of ITO, a layer of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), which acts as an electron injection, exciton blocking, and hole blocking layer, and an ultra-thin layer of lithium, which degenerately dopes the layer of BCP, improving the electron injecting properties of the BCP layer. This cathode is demonstrated for use in an OLED having a transparency of about 90% or higher combined with a device external quantum efficiency of about 1% or higher.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种高度透明的非金属阴极，其包括与透明非金属电子注入阴极层（例如氧化铟锡（ITO））直接接触的金属掺杂的有机电子注入层，其中金属掺杂的有机 电子注入层也起着激子阻挡层或空穴阻挡层的作用。 金属掺杂的有机电子注入层通过在整个层中扩散约5-10个高电子正性金属如Li的超薄层而产生。 高度透明的非金属阴极的代表性实施例包括ITO层，作为电子注入的2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉（BCP）层，激子阻断 ，空穴阻挡层，以及简单地掺杂BCP层的锂的超薄层，改善了BCP层的电子注入性能。 该阴极被证明用于透明度为约90％或更高的OLED与装置外部量子效率为约1％或更高的OLED结合使用。