摘要:
This method of upgrading a biomass comprises: an upgrading step for performing upgrading treatment of a cellulose based biomass with an oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of at least 0.5, in presence of water and under a pressure of at least saturated water vapor pressure, and reducing said oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of said biomass to no more than 0.38, and a separation step for separating an upgraded reactant obtained from said upgrading step into a solid component and a liquid component.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate containing Si as a main component, and an active element formed on the semiconductor substrate and including an insulating metal silicide thin film formed on the semiconductor substrate, dangling bonds of Si of the semiconductor substrate being terminated by the insulating metal silicide thin film.
摘要:
An immediate printing type image forming apparatus is provided of which the warm-up time is sufficiently shortened without causing any trouble to occur in the execution of image reading processing and/or image forming processing. The image forming apparatus is configured to determine a time required to raise the current temperature of the surface of a heating roller in a fixing unit to a predetermined temperature and increase the duty ratio of a power waveform to be fed to each of a copy lamp and a motor driving a polygon mirror when the time required thus determined is shorter than each of a time required to increase the current light quantity of the copy lamp to a predetermined light quantity and a time required to raise the current rotational speed of the motor to a predetermined speed, thereby turning each of the copy lamp and the motor into respective predetermined condition before the elapse of the determined time required.
摘要:
Provided is a liquid crystal display including an array substrate with first to third comb-shaped electrodes on a main surface thereof, a counter substrate with a common electrode that faces the first to third comb-shaped electrodes on a main surface thereof, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the array and counter substrates, and a color filter supported by one of the array and counter substrates and including first to third coloring layer facing the first to third comb-shaped electrodes, respectively, wherein the first comb-shaped electrode is different in shape and/or orientation from the second and third comb-shaped electrodes.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to propose image processing technology whereby even a player with a low skill level can enjoy a shooting game with more excitement. To achieve this object, according to the present invention, if a player outputs a slow regeneration request signal when processing transits to the status where an enemy-character is about to fire a bullet, the enemy-character and the bullet fired by the enemy-character are regenerated slowly. By this, the player can aim at the bullet with extra time.
摘要:
A heat exchanger for cooling oil with water includes (a) oil and water chambers alternately arranged to form a core portion; (b) a through hole formed in the core portion to allow an oil flow therethrough; (c) first and second oil passages communicating with the oil chambers; (d) a blocking plate for blocking a part of these oil passages; and (e) a cover member covering one side of the core portion. The through hole has one end as one of oil inlet and outlet, and the first oil passage has one end as the other. The cover member has an oil passage extending between the other end of the through hole and at least one of the other end of the first oil passage and an end of the second oil passage.
摘要:
A compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group. A is CH2, CO or SO2. B is a single bond, alkylene or alkenylene. D is O or S. E is alkylene or alkenylene. wherein G is a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkene ring, or a substituted cycloalkane ring. Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl ring. R3 is alkyl. n is 1-3. The invention includes a pharmacologically acceptable salt, ester or other derivative of a compound of the formula (I). The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating specified diseases utilizing a compound of formula (I).
摘要:
The invention provides an apparatus and a method for driving a cathode discharge tube such that the discharge starting voltage can be lowered by simple construction. At the start of lighting a cathode discharge tube light, AC voltage applied to the cathode discharge tube is raised at a speed slower than a rise speed of the cathode discharge tube. By lighting the cathode discharge tube in this way, the lighting start voltage can be reduced.
摘要:
Compounds of the formula and quaternary ammonium ions thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are carbocyclic aryl or aromatic heterocyclic; A is methylene, carbonyl or sulfonyl; B is a single bond, C1-C4 alkylene or C2-C4 alkenylene; D is oxygen or sulfur; E is C2-C6 alkylene, C1-C6 haloalkylene, C3-C6 cycloalkane-1,1-diyl or C3-C6-cycloalkane-1,1-diylmethyl; G is C1-C4 alkylene or C2-C4 alkenylene; and L is —NR3 or —C(R4)(R5), wherein R3 is a carbocyclic aryl or an aromatic heterocyclic; R4 is hydrogen, carbocyclic aryl or aromatic heterocyclic; R5 is —COR6, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, amino, or acylamino, wherein R6 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkoxy, or R4 and R5 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached represent a C5-C10 cycloalkyl or a C5-C10 heterocyclic. The compounds have tachykinin receptor antagonist activity and exhibit an activity against both the NK1 and NK2 receptors.
摘要:
In a liquid crystal display in which a liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization is sandwiched between substrates, liquid crystal alignment which achieves a wide viewing angle and hardly causes alignment destruction is readily formed. A common electrode is formed by a pair of meshed comb electrodes, and rubbing alignment is performed in the logitudinal direction of teeth of these comb electrodes. When the liquid crystal material transits from a nematic phase or an isotropic phase to a chiral smectic C phase, a positive DC voltage, for example, is applied between a pixel electrode and one of the comb common electrodes, and a negative voltage is applied between a pixel electrode and the other comb common electrode. This readily accomplishes liquid crystal alignment in which smectic layers bend horizontally with respect to the substrate surface in space portions between the interdigitated teeth of the comb electrodes.