Abstract:
Apparatus for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions, comprising a single-walled pressure vessel or shell containing cross-flow (e.g., radial flow) heat transfer exchangers, a continuous catalytic bed having at least two stages, and means for effecting "cross-over" material flows from "outside" to "inside" (for exothermic reactions) and vice versa (for endothermic reactions), whereby conditions of: maximum gas temperature always being in the core of the apparatus, minimal pressure drop, and minimal compression of catalyst particles are achieved, along with significant economic savings in cost of the apparatus and catalyst (through extension of catalyst life).
Abstract:
A reactor for catalytic gas reactions such as synthesis of methanol or ammonia comprises at least one cylindrical catalyst bed having a height not greater than half its over-all diameter and defined on its underside by a grid supported by a dished plate having peripheral mechanical connection to a downward extension of the bed wall. Preferably there are several such beds and an indirect heat exchanger upsteam of the downstream-most bed. The reactor is suitably 5-10 m in diameter and is especially for use at under 120 bar abs in an integrated process for producing methanol and ammonia.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.
Abstract:
A reactor system comprising a multibed catalytic converter including a mixing region upstream of a catalytic bed, the mixing region is arranged to mix a feed gas of the catalytic bed with a mixing gas, the mixing gas is introduced in the mixing region via a plurality of mixing gas feed lines, each of said lines includes at least one flow regulators device so that the amount of mixing gas admitted into the mixing region by each of the mixing gas feed lines is independently controlled.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a process for production of a monoalkyl aromatic compound by alkylation of alkylatable aromatic compounds with an alkylating agent in a reactor comprising at least a first and a second series-connected alkylation reaction zones and a cooler disposed between the first and the second series-connected alkylation reaction zones. The process comprising a step of cooling at least a portion of an effluent withdrawn from the first alkylation reaction zone before being introduced into the second alkylation reaction zone.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of polypropylene in a reactor from propylene and optionally ethylene and/or at least one other oolefin monomer, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate, wherein the process comprises—feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate—feeding the propylene and the optional at least one other oolefin monomer to the reactor—withdrawing the polypropylene from the reactor—circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, wherein the circulating fluids are compressed using a compressor and cooled using a heat exchanger, resulting in a cooled recycle stream comprising liquid, and wherein the cooled recycle stream is introduced into the reactor using the inlet for the recycle stream wherein an alkane chosen from the group of iso-butane, n-butane, cyclopropane and mixtures thereof is added to the reactor and wherein the molar composition of the components in the recycle stream is chosen such that the dew temperature of the recycle stream at the reactor pressure is at least 0.10° C. below the temperature of the reactor
Abstract:
Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component.
Abstract:
A furnace for steam reforming a feed stream containing hydrocarbon, preferably methane, having: a combustion chamber, a plurality of reactor tubes arranged in the combustion chamber for accommodating a catalyst and for passing the feed stream through the reactor tubes, and at least one burner which is configured to burn a combustion fuel in the combustion chamber to heat the reactor tubes. In addition at least one voltage source is provided which is connected to the plurality of reactor tubes in such a manner that in each case an electric current which heats the reactor tubes to heat the feedstock is generable in the reactor tubes.
Abstract:
A reactor for producing desired reaction products has a housing, a plurality of catalyst conduits within the housing, and a plurality of coolant conduits within the housing. The coolant conduits are interspersed among the catalyst conduits, and each catalyst conduit is positioned adjacent to at least two coolant conduits.