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    Method for making low cost infrared windows
    33.
    发明授权
    Method for making low cost infrared windows 失效
    制造低成本红外线窗的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5643505A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-01

    申请号：US511670

    申请日：1995-08-07

    Applicant: Norman H. Harris ,  Thomas K. Dougherty

    Inventor： Norman H. Harris ,  Thomas K. Dougherty

    IPC: C03C3/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01G15/00 ,  C03B8/00 ,  C03C3/32 ,  C03C4/10 ,  C04B35/547 ,  G02B1/02 ,  G02B5/20 ,  B29D11/00 ,  B05B5/00 ,  B05D5/06

    CPC classification number: C01G15/006 ,  C01G9/08 ,  G02B1/02 ,  G02B5/208

    Abstract: Low cost broadband infrared windows are fabricated using a near net shape process which greatly reduces the cost of machining and grinding window materials. The fabrication of zinc sulfide (ZnS) IR windows uses ceramic powder processing to avoid the expensive prior art chemical vapor deposition method. Further, the invention involves a means of hardening and strengthening ZnS as part of the powder process, with IR transmission performance comparable to undoped CVD-prepared ZnS. The compositional modification used in the practice of the invention involves the introduction of gallium sulfide (Ga.sub.2 S.sub.3) as a second phase which acts to toughen and harden the ZnS. The process of the present invention achieves a hardening effect without degrading the IR transmission properties also by means of controlling the polycrystalline microstructure grains to a very small size. At the same time, porosity, which strongly degrades IR transmission, is minimized by full densification. The gallium is introduced into the ZnS by a coprecipitation process to both lower the raw material cost and obtain a suitable submicrometer precursor for the subsequent ceramic processing. The Ga-doped ZnS is then densified into an IR window and a second phase, zinc thiogallate (ZnGa.sub.2 S.sub.4), is precipitated out as a hardening phase by heat treatment. Alternatively, Ga metal is evaporated onto densified ZnS and subjected to heat treatment to form the zinc thiogallate phase.

    Abstract translation: 低成本宽带红外窗口使用近净形状工艺制造，大大降低了加工和研磨窗材料的成本。 硫化锌（ZnS）IR窗口的制造使用陶瓷粉末加工来避免昂贵的现有技术化学气相沉积方法。 此外，本发明涉及一种硬化和强化ZnS作为粉末工艺的一部分的手段，其IR传输性能与未掺杂的CVD制备的ZnS相当。 在本发明的实践中使用的组成变化包括引入作为增韧和硬化ZnS的第二相的硫化镓（Ga 2 S 3）。 本发明的方法也可以通过将多晶微结构晶粒控制到非常小的尺寸来实现硬化效果而不降低IR透射特性。 同时，通过完全致密化将孔隙率大大降低，使透射率大大降低。 通过共沉淀法将镓引入到ZnS中，以降低原材料成本并获得用于随后的陶瓷加工的合适的亚微米前体。 然后将Ga掺杂的ZnS致密化为IR窗口，通过热处理将第二相（硫化镓锌（ZnGa 2 S 4））析出为硬化相。 或者，将Ga金属蒸发到致密化的ZnS上，并进行热处理以形成硫代镓酸锌相。

    Method of manufacturing ZnS particles
    34.
    发明授权
    Method of manufacturing ZnS particles 失效
    制备ZnS颗粒的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5498369A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-12

    申请号：US278476

    申请日：1994-07-20

    Applicant: Michael Bredol ,  Jacqueline Merikhi ,  Cornelis Ronda

    Inventor： Michael Bredol ,  Jacqueline Merikhi ,  Cornelis Ronda

    IPC: C01G9/08 ,  C09K11/08 ,  C09K11/56 ,  C09K11/54

    CPC classification number: C01G9/08

    Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing ZnS particles by wet-chemical precipitation from aqueous zinc salt solutions, ZnS being precipitated onto nuclei introduced into the solution. Nuclei of a controlled particle size and particle size distribution are obtained in that the nuclei of the aqueous precipitation solution are added in the form of a water-soluble organosol which contains the nuclei.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过从锌盐水溶液中湿化学沉淀制备ZnS颗粒的方法，ZnS沉淀到引入该溶液的核上。 获得受控粒度和粒度分布的核，其中沉淀溶液的核以包含核的水溶性有机溶胶的形式加入。

    Zinc removal from aluminate solutions
    38.
    发明授权
    Zinc removal from aluminate solutions 失效
    从铝酸盐溶液中除去锌

    公开(公告)号：US4282191A

    公开(公告)日：1981-08-04

    申请号：US172420

    申请日：1980-07-25

    Applicant: Robert D. Bird ,  Harry R. Vance

    Inventor： Robert D. Bird ,  Harry R. Vance

    IPC: C01F7/47 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01F7/06

    CPC classification number: C01F7/47 ,  C01G9/08

    Abstract: In a process of the preparation of alumina from an alumina value containing material wherein a caustic sodium aluminate process liquor is subjected to a treatment to reduce the level of zinc impurity by the addition of ZnS seed in the presence of sulfide ion, the improvement comprising:(I) forming the zinc sulfide seed a by process comprising the steps of:(A) dissolving ZnO in NaOH to produce a caustic Na.sub.2 ZnO.sub.2 solution; and(B) reacting the solution of (A) with Na.sub.2 S to form ZnS, the Na.sub.2 S being present at a level sufficient to provide a concentration of Na.sub.2 S of at least about 0.150 g/l of Na.sub.2 S when the product of this step is added to the process liquor;(II) adding the product of step (B) to the process liquor to precipitate as ZnS, zinc contained as sodium zincate in the process liquor; and(III) filtering the process liquor to yield an NaAlO.sub.2 liquor containing less than 15 mg/l and preferably below about 10 mg/l zinc as ZnO.

    Abstract translation: 在从含有氧化铝的材料制备氧化铝的方法中，其中使用苛性钠铝酸盐处理液进行处理以通过在硫化物离子存在下加入ZnS种子来降低锌杂质的含量，其改进包括： （I）通过以下步骤形成硫化锌种子a：（A）将ZnO溶解在NaOH中以产生苛性Na 2 ZnO 2溶液; 和（B）使（A）的溶液与Na 2 S反应形成ZnS，Na 2 S以足以提供至少约0.150g / l Na 2 S浓度的Na 2 S的水平存在，当将该步骤的产物加入到 加工液; （II）将步骤（B）的产物加入到处理液中，以作为ZnS，在处理液中作为锌酸钠包含的锌沉淀; 和（III）过滤处理液以产生含有小于15mg / l，优选低于约10mg / l锌的NaAlO 2溶液作为ZnO。

    Process for controlling environmental pollution from steam containing hydrogen sulfide
    39.
    发明授权
    Process for controlling environmental pollution from steam containing hydrogen sulfide 失效
    从含硫化氢的蒸汽控制环境污染的过程

    公开(公告)号：US4202864A

    公开(公告)日：1980-05-13

    申请号：US938942

    申请日：1978-09-01

    Applicant: Jerome S. Spevack

    Inventor： Jerome S. Spevack

    IPC: B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01G49/12 ,  F03G7/04 ,  F22G1/00 ,  C01B17/16 ,  C01B31/20 ,  F03G7/02

    CPC classification number: F03G7/04 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G49/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

    Abstract: Certain impure steams, especially those from geothermal sources, are polluted with hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, other gases, and finely divided particulate solid matter in a form resembling dust or smoke. These contaminants reduce the efficiency of the steam as a heat transfer fluid, are detrimental to equipment utilizing steam as an energy source, and result in environmental pollution or expensive requirements for limiting the same. By the invention herein so polluted steam is selectively processed in the gaseous state upstream of said equipment to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom, with or without removing other pollutants, to reduce environmental pollution from effluents thereof, to recover valuable materials therefrom, and to improve the utility of the steam as an energy source. This is done by contacting a flow of the steam with aqueous liquid reactant media consisting essentially of one or more reactive compounds of certain metals which form solid metal sulfide reaction products and which preferably are electropositive with respect to hydrogen. The valuable materials subsequently may be recovered from said media as useful byproducts. The reactant compounds may be recycled and may be regenerated from the metal sulfide reaction products.

    Abstract translation: 某些不纯的蒸汽，特别是那些来自地热源的不纯的蒸汽，以硫化氢，氨，二氧化碳，其他气体以及类似于灰尘或烟雾的细颗粒状固体物质污染。 这些污染物降低作为传热流体的蒸汽的效率，对利用蒸汽作为能源的设备是不利的，并且导致环境污染或限制其的昂贵要求。 通过本发明，污染的蒸汽在所述设备上游的气态下被选择性地处理，以从其中除去其中的硫化氢，同时或不去除其它污染物，以减少其流出物的环境污染，从中回收有价值的材料，并提高效用 的蒸汽作为能源。 这通过使蒸汽流与基本上由一种或多种形成固体金属硫化物反应产物的某些金属的一种或多种反应性化合物组成的水性液体反应介质接触，并且其优选相对于氢是正电性的。 有价值的材料随后可以作为有用的副产物从所述介质中回收。 反应物化合物可以被再循环并且可以从金属硫化物反应产物再生。

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