Abstract:
Piggable plate heat exchanger assemblies enable piggable cleaning of interior surfaces thereof. Piggable plate heat exchanger assemblies include an inner plate member and first and second channel forming members with adjacently positioned first and second channel forming extension plates to enclose the inner plate member to form first and second channels for first and second fluid flow. Other piggable plate heat exchanger assemblies include plate members and first and second end members in conjunction with corresponding plate members positioned at first and second ends of corresponding plate members to form first and bypass channels to flow first and second fluids. Still other piggable plate heat exchangers include a plurality of plate members and a plurality of end members forming in conjunction with the plate members a first channel and a second channel in an interweaving relation for flow of a first fluid substantially normal to flow of a second fluid.
Abstract:
A light pen for writing on a polarized light sensitive surface is disclosed. Light emitting diodes emit non-polarized light and a polarization block comprising of a truncated cone shaped collimating optical element, a broad band polarization divider, a broadband semi-wave plate, shifting bi-prism and light beam coupler are built to convert the non-polarized light to be converted to polarized uniform intensity light that is focused using a set of projection lens to a writing surface. The said light pen can be used for creating non erasable writing on many types of articles, documents, and records that would provide verification of authenticity and security.
Abstract:
The sand and dust storm detection method utilizes a hybrid design of a sand and dust storm detection system (SDSDS) having a wireless sensor network (WSN) and a satellite imaging system that detects sand and dust storm events of all types. A layered architecture of context-aware middleware is used. While the WSN provides real time data from the area of interest, near-real time METEOSAT MSG images are obtained from the METEOSAT web site.
Abstract:
Methods for removing a material layer from a base substrate utilizing spalling in which mode III stress, i.e., the stress that is perpendicular to the fracture front created in the base substrate, during spalling is reduced. The substantial reduction of the mode III stress during spalling results in a spalling process in which the spalled material has less surface roughness at one of its' edges as compared to prior art spalling processes in which the mode III stress is present and competes with spalling.
Abstract:
A redox-active triangular prism is provided. The redox-active triangular prism includes a plurality of pure enantiomers selected from a group consisting of (−)-NDI-Δ and (+)-NDI-Δ. Methods for their preparation as solvent-templated supramolecular structures and a characterization of their redox-active behavior are provided.
Abstract:
The method for the preparation of epoxy-clay nanocomposites uses high shear mixing of Nanomer I.30 E nanoclay into the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy by optimization of high shear mixing speeds, mixing times and degassing temperature. The results showed that the optimum high shear mixing speed and mixing time for optimal clay dispersion were 6000 rpm and 60 min, respectively. Increasing the degassing temperature from 65° C. to 100° C. for the first two hours of the degassing process enhanced nanoclay dispersion, resulting in nanocomposites with a morphology dominated by disorder intercalation with some exfoliated structure. This enhancement in nanocomposite morphology can be attributed to the improvement in epoxy diffusion into the intergallery spacing between clay layers due to temperature rise.
Abstract:
Laser ablation can be used to form a trench within at least a blanket layer of a stressor layer that is atop a base substrate. A non-ablated portion of the stressor layer has an edge that defines the edge of the material layer region to be spalled. Laser ablation can also be used to form a trench within a blanket material stack including at least a plating seed layer. A stressor layer is formed on the non-ablated portions of the material stack and one portion of the stressor layer has an edge that defines the edge of the material layer region to be spalled. Laser ablation can be further used to form a trench that extends through a blanket stressor layer and into the base substrate itself. The trench has an edge that defines the edge of the material layer region to be spalled.
Abstract:
Homochiral metal organic framework (MOF) selected from a group consisting of (Sp)-P5A-MOF-1 and (Rp)-P5A-MOF-1 is provided. The homochiral MOFs are prepared from pure enantiomer struts of formula (I): The homochiral MOFs are suitable for separation of enantiomers from racemic mixtures.
Abstract:
High strength transparent corundum ceramics using corundum powder and methods of manufacture are disclosed. The method of forming transparent corundum ceramics includes milling corundum powder in aqueous slurry with beads. The method further includes processing the slurry by a liquid shaping process to form a gelled body. The method further includes sintering the gelled body in air and pressing the gelled body by hot isostatic pressing to form a ceramic body.
Abstract:
A fully automated flow assisted-solid-phase microextraction (FA-SPME) is developed for the determination of chloroethers in aqueous samples. A CTC CombiPAL autosampler coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to automate the extraction process. In this method, the SPME fiber is exposed to a sample in direct immersion. After exposure, the fiber is desorbed at the injection port of GC-MS.