摘要:
The degree of freedom in the shape of channels in a separator is increased, enabling an optimum gas channel to be designed, enabling a sufficient supply of gas below gas channel ribs, and improving cell performance through the reduction in diffusion polarization. Drainage property is also improved and flooding is prevented, thereby reducing diffusion polarization and improving cell performance. Cell performance is also improved through the reduction of contact resistance. A fuel cell separator comprises a separator substrate on which gas channel ribs are formed through vapor-phase growth of a carbon-based porous material with a nanosize structure. An electrode structure for a fuel cell, methods of manufacturing the separator and the fuel cell, and a solid polymer fuel cell comprising the electrode structure.
摘要:
Releasability of a mold and a resin layer during nanoimprinting is improved, thereby improving the durability of the mold. A nanoimprint mold for resin molding comprising a carbon nanowall layer provided on the surface thereof, a method of forming a nanopattern using the mold, and a resin-molded product obtained by the method.
摘要:
A light-receiving device of a pin junction structure, constituted by a quantum-wave interference layers Q1 to Q4 with plural periods of a pair of a first layer W and a second layer B and carrier accumulation layers C1 to C3. The second layer B has wider band gap than the first layer W. Each thicknesses of the first layer W and the second layer B is determined by multiplying by an odd number one fourth of wavelength of quantum-wave of carriers in each of the first layer W and the second layer B existing at the level near the lowest energy level of the second layer B. A &dgr; layer, for sharply varying energy band, is formed at an every interface between the first layer W and the second layer B and has a thickness substantially thinner than the first layer W and the second layer B. As a result, when electrons are excited in the carrier accumulation layers C1 to C3, electrons are propagated through the quantum-wave interference layer from the n-layer to the p-layer as a wave, and electric current flows rapidly.
摘要:
A light-emitting device comprising an emission layer which has a single layer structure is formed. The emission layer is sandwiched by a first quantum-wave interference layer constituted by plural periods of a pair of a first layer and a second layer, the second layer having a wider band gap than the first layer, and a second quantum-wave interference layer constituted by plural periods of a pair of a third layer and a fourth layer, the fourth layer having a wider band gap than the third layer. The first quantum-wave interference layer functions as an electron reflection layer, and its thickness is determined by multiplying by an odd number one fourth of quantum-wave wavelength of the injected electrons. The second quantum-wave interference layer functions as an electron transmission layer, and its thickness is determined by multiplying by an odd number one fourth of quantum-wave wavelength of the injected electrons. As a result, luminous efficiency of the device is improved. A barrier layer is formed at each interfaces between the first quantum-wave interference layer, the emission layer, and the second quantum-wave interference layer. As a result, generation of electron-hole pairs is improved.
摘要:
A light-emitting diode comprising a quantum-wave reflection layer for electrons, a quantum-wave transmission layer for electrons, and an emission layer formed between the quantum-wave reflection layer and th e quantum-wave transmission layer is used as a photocoupler. Compared with a commercial product having a response velocity of 20 MHz, a response velocity of the light-emitting diode of the present invention is improved to be 100 MHz to 200 MHz. The quantum-wave reflection layer for electrons and the quantum-wave transmission layer for electrons are formed to have thicknesses of one fourth and a half of quantum wave of electrons, respectively.
摘要:
A robot control system includes: an end effector for acting upon an object to be worked; a manipulator mechanically supporting the end effector to apply predetermined movements to the end effector; a plurality of sensors mounted on the end effector to detect a position (x) of the end effector and a force (f) between the end effector and the object and to obtain an acceleration speed (x"), a speed (x') and a work rate (-x'f) of the end effector; a pre-controller for controlling movement of the end effector and the manipulator; a plurality of selection function units connected in parallel to the pre-controller and at least one of the selection function units being selected in accordance with the acceleration speed (x"), the speed (x') and the work rate (-x'f); and a plurality of control units each connected to a corresponding selecting function unit for inputting a target trajectory (x.sub.d) of the end effector and for outputting a control signal (u) to the pre-controller to control movement of the end effector and the manipulator; wherein, the selection function unit is selected in accordance with a value of either "0" or "other than 0" of the acceleration speed, the speed and the work rate; and the control signal from the control unit corresponding to the selection function unit is input to the pre-controller to control movement of the end effector and the manipulator through the selection function unit.
摘要:
A field-effect transistor includes a semi-insulating substrate, a semiconductor layer consisting of successive layers of GaAs compound semiconductor formed on the substrate, a gate electrode forming a Schottky contact with the semiconductor layer, and source and drain electrodes each forming an ohmic contact to the semiconductor layer. A semiconductor layer includes a buffer layer, an active layer, and a contact layer, where the impurity concentration in the contact layer is substantially equal to that in the active layer at the interface therewith. The impurity concentration in the contact layer increases continuously from the interface toward the upper surface of the contact layer. The field-effect transistor achieves a reduction in the ON resistance and an increase in the gate breakdown voltage at the same time, and to reduce power loss and increase efficiency.
摘要:
A color image reproduction apparatus includes a light source, a filter, a sensor means, an ink ribbon, a printer including a printer head and a printer drive, a feeder and a controller. The light source illuminates spots on the color original and light reflected therefrom is filtered by one of three aligned segments of the filter which are connected end-to-end in an alignment direction which three segments respectively filter different first, second and third portions of the visual spectrum. The sensor is disposed behind the filter and senses the light filtered by one of the three different filter segments when the one of the segments is disposed in front of sensor. The sensor outputs an intensity signal indicating the intensity of the sensed light. The ink ribbon is fixed in relation to the filter and has three different color ink layers which are attached to each other end-to-end in the same alignment direction as are the light filter segments. Each ink layer is spaced a predetermined distance from a corresponding one of the three different filter segments. The printer head is disposed behind the ink ribbon and is spaced from the sensor a distance equal to the distance between corresponding ink layers and filter segments so as to be operable to apply ink from the ink layers to a print surface. The feeder successively feeds the three different filter segments across the front side of the sensor, and simultaneously successively feeds the three different ink layers across the front side of the printer head.
摘要:
An electronic print board comprising: a recording medium formed by a flexible sheet for recording erasable recordings and/or drawings or for holding a data sheet thereon, a mechanism for moving said recording medium, a scanning system for scanning the writings and/or drawings or data carried on a data sheet secured on the recording medium and providing electric signals corresponding to the writings and/or drawings or the data, operating unit including sheet size selecting switches, an image memory for storing data corresponding to the writings and/or drawings or the data carried on a data sheet secured on the recording medium. A control circuit for controlling the scanning operation of the scanning system, reading data from the image memory and printing the data on a printing sheet, and a reading and printing unit for reading data from the image memory and printing the data read from the image memory under the control of the control circuit. The electronic print board is capable of scanning the entire area of the surface of the recording medium or only a limited area of the same corresponding to a size of sheet selected, of printing the data corresponding the entire area of the recording medium or only the data within a limited area corresponding to a size of a data sheet selected by means of one of the sheet size selecting switches, and of producing one copy or a plurality of copies of the same data.
摘要:
A diffracted sound reduction device includes: a reproduction speaker that outputs reproduced sound having properties indicated by an input signal; control speakers each of which reproduces corresponding one of control signals, the diffracted sound being a part of the reproduced sound and arriving at corresponding one of the control points except the control point at the listener's position; and control filters each of which filters the input signal to generate corresponding one of the control signals. Each of the control points faces a corresponding speaker from among the reproduction speaker and the control speakers. Each of the control filters generates the corresponding one of the control signals so that a sound pressure of the diffracted sound at corresponding one of the control points is lower than a sound pressure of direct sound that is a part of the reproduced sound which arrives at the control point of the listener's position.