公开(公告)号：US07042617B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-09

申请号：US10405163

申请日：2003-04-02

Applicant: Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: G02F1/13

CPC classification number: G02F1/172

Abstract: Optical devices utilizing flakes (also called platelets) suspended in a host fluid have optical characteristics, such as reflective properties, which are angular dependent in response to an AC field. The reflectivity may be Bragg-like, and the characteristics are obtained through the use of flakes of liquid crystal material, such as polymer liquid crystal (PLC) materials including polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) and polymer nematic liquid crystal (PNLC) material or birefringent polymers (BP). The host fluid may be propylene carbonate, poly(ethylene glycol) or other fluids or fluid mixtures having fluid conductivity to support conductivity in the flake/host system. AC field dependent rotation of 90° can be obtained at rates and field intensities dependent upon the frequency and magnitude of the AC field. The devices are useful in providing displays, polarizers, filters, spatial light modulators and wherever switchable polarizing, reflecting, and transmission properties are desired.

Abstract translation: 使用悬浮在宿主流体中的薄片（也称为血小板）的光学装置具有光学特性，例如反射性质，其响应于AC场具有角度依赖性。 反射率可以是布拉格样，并且通过使用诸如聚合物液晶（PLC）材料的液晶材料薄片获得特征，所述液晶材料包括聚合物胆甾型液晶（PCLC）和聚合物向列型液晶（PNLC）材料，或 双折射聚合物（BP）。 主体流体可以是碳酸丙烯酯，聚（乙二醇）或具有流体导电性的其它流体或流体混合物以支持薄片/主体系统中的导电性。 在取决于AC场的频率和幅度的速率和场强度下，可以获得90°的AC场相关旋转。 这些装置在提供显示器，偏振器，滤光器，空间光调制器以及需要可切换的偏振，反射和透射特性的地方是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US20020192675A1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-19

申请号：US10061395

申请日：2002-02-04

Applicant: The University of Rochester

Inventor： Maurice Zauderer ,  Ernest S. Smith

IPC: C12Q001/68 ,  G01N033/53 ,  G01N033/567 ,  C12N015/87

CPC classification number: C12N15/1086 ,  C07K14/4702 ,  C07K14/4703 ,  C07K14/78 ,  C07K2319/00 ,  C12N15/1079 ,  C12Q1/6897

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for identifying, i.e., selecting and/or screening for regulator molecules such as polypeptides and/or U1 SnRNAs which irectly or indirectly influence, e.g., induce or suppress, the transcriptional activation of a target transcriptional regulatory region in a eukaryotic host cell. Also provided are regulator molecules identified by such methods, and methods of isolating polynucleotides encoding regulator molecules identified by these methods.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供用于鉴定，即选择和/或筛选调节分子例如多肽和/或U1 SnRNA的方法和组合物，其直接或间接地影响，例如诱导或抑制靶转录调节区的转录激活 真核宿主细胞。 还提供了通过这些方法鉴定的调节剂分子，以及分离编码通过这些方法鉴定的调节剂分子的多核苷酸的方法。

公开(公告)号：US6163174A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-19

申请号：US318421

申请日：1999-05-25

Applicant: Eby Friedman ,  Radu M. Secareanu

Inventor： Eby Friedman ,  Radu M. Secareanu

IPC: G11C5/06 ,  G11C7/10 ,  H03K19/00 ,  H03K19/017 ,  G11C8/00

CPC classification number: H03K19/01707 ,  G11C5/063 ,  G11C7/1051 ,  G11C7/1078 ,  H03K19/0013

Abstract: CMOS buffer circuits are provided having multiple stages of driving transistors defining a fast "1" data path and a fast "0" data path for transmitting data signals from the input to output of the buffer. Each stage before the last stage in each of the data paths has at least one nulling transistor coupled to the driving transistor of the stage. Separate from the data paths, the nulling transistors of each data path are operated to synchronously null the driving transistors of the data path to prepare such driving transistors for the next fast transition in the input data signal. Another nulling transistor may be also coupled to the driving transistor of each stage before the last stage of each data path which prevents the data path from floating when the data path is not transmitting a transition of the input signal to output of the buffer. The CMOS buffer circuits are suitable for driving large capacitive loads optimally over any range of input signal frequency, restoring slow transitioning digital signals, or driving highly resistive RC interconnect lines.

Abstract translation: 提供CMOS缓冲电路，其具有定义快速“1”数据通道的多级驱动晶体管和用于从缓冲器的输入到输出的数据信号传输的快速“0”数据通路。 在每个数据路径中的最后阶段之前的每一级具有耦合到该级的驱动晶体管的至少一个零位晶体管。 与数据路径分开，操作每个数据通路的零位晶体管以使数据通路的驱动晶体管同步失真，以准备用于输入数据信号中的下一个快速转换的驱动晶体管。 另外的零陷晶体管也可以在每个数据路径的最后阶段之前的每一级的驱动晶体管耦合，当数据路径不传输输入信号到缓冲器的输出时，防止数据路径浮动。 CMOS缓冲电路适用于在任何范围的输入信号频率，恢复慢速转换数字信号或驱动高电阻RC互连线路上最佳地驱动大容性负载。

公开(公告)号：US5540908A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-30

申请号：US286065

申请日：1994-08-04

Applicant: Cameron J. Koch ,  Edith M. Lord

Inventor： Cameron J. Koch ,  Edith M. Lord

IPC: G01N33/53 ,  A61B5/055 ,  A61K49/00 ,  A61K51/00 ,  C07D233/66 ,  C07D233/91 ,  C07K14/00 ,  C07K14/415 ,  C07K14/76 ,  C07K16/00 ,  C07K16/16 ,  C07K16/18 ,  C07K16/44 ,  G01N33/577 ,  G01T1/161 ,  A61K51/10 ,  A61K31/415 ,  A61K101/02 ,  G01N33/531

CPC classification number: C07K16/44 ,  A61K49/001 ,  C07D233/91

Abstract: Novel nitroaromatic compounds and immunogenic conjugates comprising a novel nitroaromatic compound and a carrier protein are disclosed. The invention further presents monoclonal antibodies highly specific for the claimed nitroaromatic compounds, the compounds' protein conjugates, the compounds' reductive byproducts, and adducts formed between the compounds and mammalian hypoxic cell tissue proteins. The invention is further directed to methods for detecting tissue hypoxia using immunohistological techniques, non-invasive nuclear medicinal methods, or nuclear magnetic resonance. Diagnostic kits useful in practicing the methods of claimed invention are also provided.

Abstract translation: 公开了包含新型硝基芳族化合物和载体蛋白质的新型硝基芳族化合物和免疫原性缀合物。 本发明还提供对所要求保护的硝基芳族化合物，化合物的蛋白质缀合物，化合物的还原副产物以及化合物和哺乳动物缺氧细胞组织蛋白质之间形成的加合物高度特异性的单克隆抗体。 本发明还涉及使用免疫组织化学技术，非侵入性核医学方法或核磁共振来检测组织缺氧的方法。 还提供了可用于实践所要求保护的发明的方法的诊断试剂盒。

公开(公告)号：US5453844A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-26

申请号：US154311

申请日：1993-11-17

Applicant: Nicholas George ,  Bryan J. Stossel

Inventor： Nicholas George ,  Bryan J. Stossel

IPC: H04N1/44 ,  H04N7/30 ,  H04N1/41

CPC classification number: H04N19/60 ,  H04N1/4486

Abstract: Data representing the image of an original picture having high resolution are first acquired. The data are then processed in accordance with a blurring function, which can be a randomly distributed point spread function. Processing can be carried out either in object space or in spatial-frequency space. In object space a multi-dimensional convolution is required. In the spatial frequency domain, processing is performed by a pointwise product of data representing the Fourier transform of the original image and the Fourier transform of the blurring function. The resulting blurred image is thereby coded such that the original scene is no longer discernible, but can be recovered provided the blurring function is known. Additionally, this blurred image can be shown to contain the detail of the original but can be stored or transmitted as data which are compressed by compression ratios which can range from 2 to 100. The compressed data can be restored to provide an image with detail like the original by inverse filtering using data representing the Fourier transform of the blurring function.

Abstract translation: 首先获取表示具有高分辨率的原始图像的图像的数据。 然后根据可以是随机分布的点扩散函数的模糊函数来处理数据。 处理可以在对象空间或空间 - 频率空间中进行。 在对象空间中，需要多维卷积。 在空间频域中，通过表示原始图像的傅立叶变换的数据和模糊函数的傅里叶变换的数据的点积乘积进行处理。 因此，所得到的模糊图像被编码，使得原始场景不再可辨别，但是可以在已知模糊功能的情况下被恢复。 另外，这个模糊的图像可以被显示为包含原始的细节，但可以作为数据被存储或传输，压缩比可以在2到100之间的压缩比。压缩的数据可以被恢复以提供具有细节的图像 通过使用表示模糊功能的傅里叶变换的数据进行逆滤波来进行原始处理。

公开(公告)号：US5446588A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-29

申请号：US283001

申请日：1994-07-29

Applicant: Michael D. Missig ,  G. Michael Morris

Inventor： Michael D. Missig ,  G. Michael Morris

IPC: G02B3/08 ,  G02B25/00 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B27/44

CPC classification number: G02B27/4211 ,  G02B25/00 ,  G02B27/0037 ,  G02B27/4216 ,  G02B27/4277 ,  G02B3/08

Abstract: Eyepiece optical systems having arrangements of surfaces where light is refracted or diffracted provide eyepieces with fewer elements and more compact designs than comparable, conventional eyepiece designs. These eyepiece optical systems have three elements each with positive focussing power, and provide a wide field-of-view of about 70.degree. and an eye relief of approximately 80% of the total focal length of the eyepiece. One embodiment has (from the eye side) a refracting, meniscus, positive element with a surface concave toward the eye, a bi-convex element having a refracting convex surface and a second refracting convex surface, and a refractive/diffractive doublet element with a refracting convex surface and diffracting surface (each element being of positive power). Another embodiment, from the eye side has a first diffractive/refractive doublet having a diffracting surface and a convex refracting surface, an equi-convex element having two refracting convex surfaces and a second refracting/diffracting element having a diffracting surface and a convex refracting surface.

Abstract translation: 具有折射或衍射光的表面布置的目镜光学系统与可比较的常规目镜设计相比，提供具有更少元件的目镜和更紧凑的设计。 这些目镜光学系统具有三个元件，每个元件具有正的聚焦功率，并且提供大约70度的宽视野，并且眼睛大约是目镜的总焦距的80％。 一个实施例具有（从眼睛侧）具有朝向眼睛凹陷的折射弯月面，正面元件，具有折射凸面和第二折射凸面的双凸起元件，以及具有折射/衍射双元件 折射凸表面和衍射表面（每个元件具有正功率）。 从眼睛的另一实施例具有具有衍射面和凸折射面的第一衍射/折射双折射体，具有两个折射凸面的等凸元件和具有衍射面和凸折射面的第二折射/衍射元件 。

公开(公告)号：US5419331A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-30

申请号：US194233

申请日：1994-02-10

Applicant: Kevin J. Parker ,  Sheikh K. Alam

Inventor： Kevin J. Parker ,  Sheikh K. Alam

IPC: G01S15/58 ,  A61B8/00

CPC classification number: G01S15/582

Abstract: In order to avoid the use of complex transform and correlation techniques for estimating the velocity of a target from which ultrasonic RF bursts are received as return echoes, the time of occurrence of successive returns are compared with a plurality of delay trajectories each representing a different target velocity. The trajectory with which the returns match with minimum variance, or maximum likelihood of being in time coincidence, provides an estimate of the velocity of the target. In different embodiments the RF return, the envelope of the return or the quadrature components thereof are processed to determine to which delay trajectory they are most proximal. The search for the delay trajectory is called a "butterfly search" in two dimensions (slow time or transmitted pulse repetition periods and fast time or range). Each butterfly line corresponds to a distinct linear velocity. The criterion that a signal corresponding to the returns should be equal in amplitude at all points along the correct trajectory may be used for envelope and RF signals. The use of the quadrature components is preferred in noisy environments, such as where the target is the scatterers in blood flow and blood flow velocity is to be determined. In the embodiment using the quadrature components, each butterfly line is searched for corresponding normalized likelihood ratio maxima, since such maxima occur on the correct butterfly line. The butterfly search can be implemented with less computation complexity than correlation or transform operations heretofore used for blood flow velocity estimation, and with fewer repeat pulses, and the results are more accurate in the presence of noise.

Abstract translation: 为了避免使用复合变换和相关技术来估计从其接收超声波脉冲串的目标的速度作为回波回波，将连续返回的发生时间与多个延迟轨迹进行比较，每个延迟轨迹表示不同的目标 速度。 返回与最小方差匹配的轨迹或时间一致的最大似然度提供目标速度的估计。 在不同的实施例中，RF返回，返回的包络或其正交分量被处理以确定它们最接近的延迟轨迹。 延迟轨迹的搜索在二维（慢时间或发射脉冲重复周期以及快速时间或范围）中被称为“蝶形搜索”。 每条蝴蝶线对应于不同的线速度。 对于包络和RF信号，可以将对应于返回的信号的信号在沿着正确轨迹的所有点处的幅度相等的标准。 在噪声环境中，优选使用正交分量，例如目标是血流中的散射体和血流速度的确定。 在使用正交分量的实施例中，搜索每个蝴蝶线对应的归一化似然比最大值，因为这样的最大值出现在正确的蝴蝶线上。 蝴蝶搜索可以以比以往用于血流速度估计的相关或变换操作更少的计算复杂度实现，并且具有较少的重复脉冲，并且结果在存在噪声时更准确。

公开(公告)号：US5371570A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

申请号：US157

申请日：1993-01-04

Applicant: G. Michael Morris ,  Yasuhiro Yoshitake

Inventor： G. Michael Morris ,  Yasuhiro Yoshitake

IPC: G02B27/00 ,  G03F9/00 ,  G03B27/42

CPC classification number: G03F9/70 ,  G02B27/0043 ,  G02B27/4211 ,  G02B27/4222

Abstract: A chromatic aberration-corrected optical system for broad-band through-the-lens (TTL) imaging and position detection of alignment marks deposed on a substrate located at the exposure plane of an exposure apparatus, for example, a stepper machine, uses a first projection lens capable of focusing a first broad-band alignment illumination and a second exposure illumination onto the substrate. A second achromat lens and a third refractive/diffractive hybrid lens are configured and designed to provide, in conjunction with the first projection lens, longitudinal and lateral chromatic aberration correction over a wavelength range from about 550-650 nm of the broad-band alignment illumination.

Abstract translation: 用于宽带透镜（TTL）成像的色差校正光学系统和位于曝光装置例如步进机的曝光平面上的基板上的对准标记的位置检测使用第一 投影透镜，其能够将第一宽带对准照明和第二曝光照明聚焦到基板上。 第二消色差透镜和第三折射/衍射混合透镜被配置和设计成与第一投影透镜一起提供在宽带对准照明的约550-650nm的波长范围上的纵向和横向色像差校正 。

公开(公告)号：US5360897A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-01

申请号：US819305

申请日：1992-01-09

Applicant: Porter W. Anderson ,  Ronald J. Eby

Inventor： Porter W. Anderson ,  Ronald J. Eby

IPC: A61K39/102 ,  A61K39/385 ,  A61K47/48 ,  C07K17/02

CPC classification number: A61K39/385 ,  A61K39/092 ,  A61K39/102 ,  A61K47/4833 ,  A61K2039/6037 ,  Y10S424/831 ,  Y10S424/832 ,  Y10S530/807

Abstract: An immunogenic conjugate which is the reductive amination product of an immunogenic capsular polymer fragment having at least one reducing group and derived from a bacterial capsular polymer of a bacterial pathogen, and a bacterial toxin or toxoid. The invention also relates to methods for the preparation of the conjugates, a vaccine containing the conjugates which elicits effective levels of anti-capsular polymer antibodies in humans. Also disclosed are methods for inducing active immunization against systemic infection in young mammals caused by bacterial pathogens comprising the administration of an immunogenic amount of the above-described conjugate. In a preferred embodiment, the capsular polymer fragment prior to conjugation has at least one aldehyde group at each end of the fragment. The final conjugate made with such capsular polymers has a lattice or network structure, and provides extremely high levels of anti-capsular polymer antibodies in infants.

Abstract translation: 免疫原性缀合物，其是具有至少一个还原基团并衍生自细菌病原体的细菌荚膜聚合物和细菌毒素或类毒素的免疫原性荚膜聚合物片段的还原性胺化产物。 本发明还涉及制备缀合物的方法，含有缀合物的疫苗，其引发人体中有效水平的抗荚膜聚合物抗体。 还公开了诱导由包含施用免疫原性量的上述缀合物的细菌病原体引起的幼年哺乳动物的全身感染的主动免疫的方法。 在优选的实施方案中，缀合之前的荚膜聚合物片段在片段的每个末端具有至少一个醛基。 用这种荚膜聚合物制成的最终缀合物具有晶格或网络结构，并在婴儿中提供极高水平的抗荚膜聚合物抗体。

公开(公告)号：US5349471A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-20

申请号：US17712

申请日：1993-02-16

Applicant: G. Michael Morris ,  David Kay ,  Dale Buralli ,  David Kubalak

Inventor： G. Michael Morris ,  David Kay ,  Dale Buralli ,  David Kubalak

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G11B7/135 ,  G02B3/08 ,  G02B27/44

CPC classification number: G02B5/1895 ,  G02B27/0037 ,  G02B27/4238 ,  G02B5/1876 ,  G11B7/1374 ,  G11B2007/13722

Abstract: A diffractive/refractive hybrid lens for use in an optical data storage system as an objective is provided by a convex-plano singlet having a refractive element defined by plano-convex surfaces and a diffractive element defined by a Fresnel zone-like pattern on the plano surface which together provide the total power of the lens. The refractive lens is made of a high index, high dispersion glass so that the curvature and thickness of the refractive lens is minimized while providing a large numerical aperture (at least 0.45) at the expense of increased longitudinal chromatic aberration, which are compensated by the diffractive element and without the need for one or more additional curved surfaces as in low index biaspheric glass objective lenses for chromatic and mono-chromatic aberration reduction, which increases the thickness and curvatures of the lens. The invention enables longitudinal chromatic aberration to be corrected for at least a 10 nm band width around a center wavelength over a 20 nm range, as results when different lasers are used and as laser power varies during optical data storage on an optical data storage device (an optical disk). The thin, light weight low curvature achromat has maximum tolerance for various possible manufacturing errors such as decentering, variations in thickness of the lens, tilt and focal length especially for on-axis field of view less than 2.degree. while providing a very high quality spot (Strehl ratio of at least 0.9.).

Abstract translation: 用作光学数据存储系统作为目的的衍射/折射混合透镜由具有由平凸表面限定的折射元件和由平面上的菲涅耳带状图案限定的衍射元件的凸平面单重晶片提供 一起提供透镜的总功率的表面。 折射透镜由高折射率高分散玻璃制成，使得折射透镜的曲率和厚度最小化，同时以增加的纵向色差为代价提供大的数值孔径（至少为0.45），其由 并且不需要一个或多个附加的弯曲表面，如在用于彩色和单色像差降低的低折射率偏置玻璃物镜中，这增加了透镜的厚度和曲率。 本发明使得能够在20nm范围内围绕中心波长的至少10nm带宽校正纵向色差，这是因为当使用不同的激光器并且在​​光学数据存储装置中的光学数据存储期间激光功率变化时的结果 光盘）。 薄的，重量轻的低曲率消色差对于各种可能的制造误差具有最大公差，例如偏心，透镜厚度变化，倾斜和焦距，特别是对于小于2°的轴上视场，同时提供非常高的质量点 （Strehl比至少为0.9）。