摘要:
Process for preparing polymer powder from an aqueous polymer dispersion with water-soluble compounds, the fraction of such compounds being smaller than that of said aqueous polymer dispersion and being based on the polymer present in the form of polymer particles insoluble in water, which comprises subjecting the aqueous polymer dispersion to membrane filtration in a first step of the process and to spray drying in a subsequent second step of the process.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of N-phosphonomethylglycine from an aqueous mixture which contains N-phosphonomethylglycine, ammonium halides, and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides and optionally organic impurities in dissolved form, where (a) the pH of the mixture is adjusted to a value in the range from 2 to 8, (b) a separation of the mixture on a selective nanofiltration membrane is performed, a retentate which is richer in N-phosphonomethylglycine and poorer in halides and a permeate which is richer in halides and poorer in N-phosphonomethylglycine being obtained, and (c) the N-phosphonomethylglycine is recovered from the retentate. The process according to the invention makes possible the recovery of the N-phosphonomethylglycine with simultaneous separation of the halide salts.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing oligomers consisting mainly of repeating units derived from 1- or 2-butene from a hydrocarbon stream consisting substantially of branched and linear hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms, and comprising olefinic branched and linear hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms (C4 starting stream) by a. in step a), separating the C4 starting stream into a fraction consisting mainly of linear hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms (l-C4 fraction) and a fraction consisting mainly of branched hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms (b-C4 fraction), by contacting the C4 starting stream with a membrane which is easier to pass for linear hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms than for branched hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms, b. in step b), optionally after removing butanes, oligomerizing the olefinic hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms present in the l-C4 fraction, c. in step c), subjecting the olefinic hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms present in the b-C4 fraction to one of the following steps: c1. reaction with methanol to give methyl tert-butyl ether (step c1) c2. hydroformylation to give substantially isovaleraldehyde (step c2) c3. polymerization to polyisobutylene (step c3) c4. dimerization to 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (step c4) c5. alkylation, substantially to form saturated hydrocarbon compounds having 8 or 9 carbon atoms (step c5).
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种制备低聚物的方法,所述低聚物主要由来自1-或2-丁烯的重复单元组成,所述烃流基本上由具有4个碳原子的支链和直链烃化合物组成的烃料流,并且包含具有4个碳原子的烯烃支链和直链烃化合物 碳原子(C 4 H 3起始物流)。 在步骤a)中,将C 4 S起始物流分离成主要由具有4个碳原子的直链烃化合物(1 C 4 H 3馏分)组成的馏分和主要由支链 通过使C 4-14原料流与容易通过具有4个碳原子的直链烃化合物的膜接触,使具有4个碳原子的烃化合物(bC 4 H 4) 对于具有4个碳原子的支链烃化合物,b。 在步骤b)中,任选地在除去丁烷之后,使存在于1-C 4 H 4馏分中的具有4个碳原子的烯烃化合物低聚,c。 在步骤c)中,将存在于b-C 4 S 4馏分中的具有4个碳原子的烯烃化合物进行以下步骤之一:c1。 与甲醇反应,得到甲基叔丁基醚(步骤c1)c2。 加氢甲酰化得到基本上异戊醛(步骤c2)c3。 聚合到聚异丁烯(步骤c3)c4。 二聚成2,4,4-三甲基-1-戊烯(步骤c4)c5。 烷基化,基本上形成具有8或9个碳原子的饱和烃化合物(步骤c5)。
摘要:
In a process for concentrating an at least partially crystalline solid containing at least one zeolite in a mixture comprising at least one auxiliary, for example a template compound, and said solid, the mixture is ultrafiltrated in a step (II) to divide the mixture into a retentate and a permeate, the solids content in the retentate being higher than that in the mixture and the solids content in the permeate being lower than that in the mixture. This procedure allows auxiliaries, in particular template compounds, present in the permeate to be recycled into a crystallizing step (I) upstream of step (II).
摘要:
A process for the simultaneous production of dicarboxylic acids and diamines from a) polymers based on polyamides of dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives with diamines, orb) compositions containing essentially such polymers, by splitting these polymers into their monomeric constituents, comprises treating these polymers or compounds with a base in alcoholic medium, and subsequently converting the resulting dicarboxylate salts electrochemically into the corresponding dicarboxylic acids and bases.
摘要:
The invention is directed to an air spring (2) having a flexible member wherein a roll-off piston (8) is connected to a flexible member (6) of the air spring (2) via a threaded fastener assembly. The piston volume (8a) is used to provide a softer spring constant in that the piston volume (8a) and the volume (6a) of the flexible member (6) communicate with each other. The sealing ring configured at the lower edge (6c) of the flexible member (6) is clamped tightly between a clamping plate (12) and the sealing surface (8c) of the piston by utilizing a threaded spindle (10) which is sufficiently long. The clamping plate (12) is provided with holes (14). The clamping plate (12) can be configured as a deep-drawn pot provided with several bores (14).
摘要:
Acid is removed from cathodic electrocoating baths in which electroconductive substrates are being coated with cationic resins present in the form of aqueous dispersions, at least a portion of the coating bath being subjected to an ultrafiltration where the ultrafiltration membrane retains the cationic resin to form an ultrafiltrate which contains water, solvent, low molecular weight substances and ions and is at least partly recycled into the coating bath, by subjecting at least a portion of the ultrafiltrate to a specific electrodialysis treatment before returning it into the electrocoating bath.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of conditioning suspended catalysts, wherein at least part of the catalyst-comprising reaction medium is taken from one or more reactors and the suspended, at least partially inactivated catalysts are separated off and purified by means of at least one membrane filtration, with at least one of the membrane filtrations being carried out as a diafiltration.
摘要:
A process for preparing polyether polyols by reaction of the following starting materials: a) one or more alkylene oxides and, if appropriate, carbon dioxide and also b) one or more H-functional starter substances, in the presence of a catalyst, in a reaction unit having a plurality of parallel layers A, B which are microstructured so that each layer has a multiplicity of channels which are arranged parallel to one another and form a continuous flow path from one side of the plate to the opposite side of this, wherein a distribution device for introduction of the starting materials and the catalyst is provided at one end of the channels of the layers A and a collection device for the reaction mixture is provided at the other end of these is proposed.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods of producing surface-modified nanoparticulate particles at least of one metal oxide, metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide hydroxide, and aqueous suspensions of these particles. Furthermore, the invention relates to the surface-modified nanoparticulate particles, obtainable by these methods, at least of one metal oxide, metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide hydroxide and aqueous suspensions of these particles, and to their use for cosmetic sunscreen preparations, as stabilizer in plastics and as antimicrobial active ingredient.