摘要:
A fuel composition for use in gasoline engines which has excellent acceleration characteristics at high speeds and excellent fuel consumption. The fuel composition of this invention for use in gasoline engines satisfies the conditions: (1) the research octane number is not less than 90; (2) the density is in the range of from 0.740 to 0.760 g/cm3; (3) the distillation temperature at 50 vol % distilled is in the range of from 95 to 105 ° C., the distillation temperature at 90 vol % distilled is in the range of from 160 to 180° C., and the distillation end point is not more than 220° C.; and (4) the content of aromatic hydrocarbons with 9 or more carbon atoms is in the range of from 12 to 20% by volume, and the indane content is in the range of from 1.5 to 3.0% by volume.
摘要:
A bonding material using silver nanoparticles considerably changes in coating-material property in response to a slight change in composition, and the stability thereof has been insufficient for large-amount application. A bonding material which uses silver nanoparticles, meets the requirements for mass printing, attains dimensional stability, and gives a smooth printed surface is provided. The bonding material includes silver nanoparticles which have at least an average primary particle diameter of 1 nm to 200 nm and have been coated with an organic substance having 8 or less carbon atoms, a dispersion medium, and a viscosity modifier composed of an organic substance, and has a viscosity (measured at a shear rate of 15.7 [1/s]) of 100 Pa·s or lower and a thixotropic ratio (measured at a shear rate of 3.1 [1/s]/measured at a shear rate of 15.7 [1/s]) of 4 or lower.
摘要:
The method for manufacturing a silver particle-containing composition according to the invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a silver particle-containing composition coated with a fatty acid and includes a step (A) of preparing silver particles coated with a first fatty acid (a) with 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a second fatty acid (b) with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and a solvent in which the first and second fatty acids can disperse, respectively, a step (B) of adding the silver particles coated with the first fatty acid (a) and the second fatty acid (b) into the solvent, and a step (C) of substituting the second fatty acid (b) for the first fatty acid (a) coating the silver particles after the addition step.
摘要:
Provided are silver nanoparticles having a good affinity (that is, dispersibility) for y-butyrolactone (C4H6O2), an organic solvent which has a relatively high boiling point though having a relatively small molecular weight, and has a low viscosity and a low surface tension and which has little irritating odor. The above problems are solved by providing a silver micropowder excellent in affinity for at least y-butyrolactone, which comprises silver particles processed to adsorb at least one of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (C11H8O4) and gallic acid (C7H6O5) on the surfaces thereof and having an X-ray crystal particle diameter DX of from 1 to 40 nm, preferably from 1 to 15 nm. The invention also provides a silver ink obtained by dispersing silver particles processed to adsorb an organic compound having a carboxyl group on the surfaces thereof and having an X-ray crystal particle diameter DX of from 1 to 40 nm, preferably from 1 to 15 nm (or having a mean particle diameter DTEM, as measured through TEM microscopy, of from 3 to 40 nm, preferably from 4 to 15 nm), in y-butyrolactone.
摘要翻译:提供了对于γ-丁内酯(C 4 H 6 O 2)具有良好的亲和性(即分散性)的银纳米颗粒,这种有机溶剂虽然具有相对较小的分子量,但具有较高的沸点,并且具有低粘度和低表面张力 并且几乎没有刺激性气味。 通过提供对至少γ-丁内酯的亲和性优异的银微粉来解决上述问题,所述银微粒包括被处理吸附1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酸(C 11 H 8 O 4)和没食子酸(C 7 H 6 O 5)中的至少一种的银粒子, 其表面上的X射线晶体粒径DX为1〜40nm,优选为1〜15nm。 本发明还提供一种银粉,其通过将经加工的银颗粒分散在其表面上吸附具有羧基的有机化合物并且具有1至40nm,优选1至15nm的X射线晶体粒径DX( 或具有3至40nm,优选4至15nm的平均粒径DTEM(通过TEM显微镜测量),在γ-丁内酯中。
摘要:
A sinusoidal wave output from an RF oscillator provided in a transmitter is phase-modulated using a baseband OFDM signal output from a transmitter-signal processing unit 100, and this phase-modulated sinusoidal wave is used to modulate an optical wave. Using this light as signal light to achieve optical communication enables a low PAPR value such as 6 dB or less to be achieved where the photoelectric power is high in an optical fiber, thus enabling the above described problems to be solved. This signal light travels through an optical fiber serving as the transmission line and is converted by a receiver into an electric signal. The electric signal is synchronously detected using a sinusoidal wave output from an RF oscillator oscillating at the same frequency as the above RF oscillator provided in the transmitter. Ordinary OFDM signal processing for reception is performed.
摘要:
A transmitting apparatus includes a plurality of code spreaders different in spreading code, a reception processing unit that selectively distributes transmission data to the plurality of code spreaders, a plurality of optical transmitters each of which that transmit a code-spread signal to an optical fiber as a CDMA optical signal of a carrier wavelength different from that of the other optical transmitters, and a signal multiplexing unit that selectively supplies outputs of the plurality of code spreaders to the plurality of optical transmitters, and a receiving apparatus includes an optical receiver that receives a wavelength-division-multiplexed CDMA optical signal from the optical fiber, and a plurality of despreaders connected to the optical receiver and different in spreading code, wherein each of the despreaders reproduces a CDMA signal corresponding to its spreading code from an output signal of the optical receiver.
摘要:
A magnetic powder for magnetic recording medium comprises acicular particles constituted primarily of Fe, wherein the powder contains Co in an amount such that the Co/Fe ratio is 50 at. % or less and the Co is contained in a manner such that the surface portion has a higher concentration than the core portion of the particles, and upon subjecting the magnetic powder for magnetic recording medium to TG measurement, the powder exhibits at least two oxidation starting points: a low-temperature side oxidation starting point and a high-temperature side oxidation starting point. The magnetic powder achieves improved resistance to oxidation without sacrificing magnetic characteristics.
摘要:
In a cryptographic key distribution system by the phase modulation using a single photon state or a faint LD light, there is required an interferometer independent on polarization and stabilized against thermal fluctuations in order to make a transmission distance longer. Cryptographic key distribution systems are generally low in cryptographic-key-generating efficiency, and an improvement in the efficiency is demanded. In the present invention, two interferometers are disposed within the receiver so as to require no phase modulator within the receiver, thereby achieving a polarization-independent receiver. The pulses are paired, and the signal is transmitted with the relative phase, and the interval of the paired pulses is sufficiently reduced to set the optical path within the interferometer in the receiver to be smaller, thereby achieving the interferometer stabilized against thermal fluctuations. The transmission rate is set sufficiently larger than the average detection rate, and only a part of the transmitted random numbers is detected at random. This reduces a probability that an eavesdropper and a regular recipient observe data at the same slot.
摘要:
An optical transmission system accomplishes optical transmission to a long distance by combining a multiplexing line terminal with optical amplifiers, linear repeaters, and regenerators with optical amplifiers combined together. The system also accomplishes the optical transmission to a short distance by directly connecting the linear terminals therebetween, with an electric-to-optic converter replaced by an electric-to-optic converter having a semiconductor amplifier, with an optic-toelectric converter by an optic-to-electric converter having an avalanche photodiode as light receiver, an with no use of any optical booster amplifier and optical preamplifier in the multiplexing line terminal. With these, the optical transmission system can be easily constructed depending on the transmission distance required.
摘要:
An optical transmission system accomplishes optical transmission to a long distance by combining a multiplexing line terminal with optical amplifiers, linear repeaters, and regenerators with optical amplifiers combined together. The system also accomplishes the optical transmission to a short distance by directly connecting the linear terminals therebetween, with an electric-to-optic converter replaced by an electric-to-optic converter having a semiconductor amplifier, with an optic-toelectric converter by an optic-to-electric converter having an avalanche photodiode as light receiver, and with no use of any optical booster amplifier and optical preamplifier in the multiplexing line terminal. With these, the optical transmission system can be easily constructed depending on the transmission distance required.