摘要:
The present invention relates to the compounds cis-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile and trans-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile and to a process for their preparation. The process relates to the preparation of cis-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile and trans-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile or optionally one of these two compounds, by fractionally distilling a mixture containing cis- and trans-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile under reduced pressure, separating off a main fraction containing at least 80% by weight of cis-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile and a main fraction containing at least 80% by weight of trans-4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)cinnamonitrile, further purifying these main fractions by means of fractional crystallization or melt crystallization or adjusting one of these main fractions by isomerization to the cis/trans isomer ratio corresponding to the particular thermodynamic equilibrium and returning it to the process and returning the remaining fractions to the process directly or after isomerization.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing biphenyls of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1a to R.sup.10a are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkynyl, alkoxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), acyloxy-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), O-phenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, fluorine, chlorine, OH, NO.sub.2, CN, COOH, CHO, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.2 R, SOR, NH.sub.2, NH-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), N-alkyl.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), C-Hal.sub.3, NHCO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), CONH-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), CON-(alkyl).sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), COO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), CONH.sub.2, CO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), NHCOH, NHCOO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), CO-phenyl, COO-phenyl, CHCHCO.sub.2 -alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12), CHCHCO.sub.2 H, PO-phenyl.sub.2, PO-alkyl.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), by reaction of haloaromatics or aryl sulfonates of the formula (II) ##STR2## with arylboron derivatives of the formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1a to R.sup.10a are as defined above and X is bromine, chlorine or OSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, OSO.sub.2 -aryl, OSO.sub.2 -alkyl and Y is B(OH).sub.2, B(O-alkyl).sub.2, B(O-aryl).sub.2, wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) ##STR4## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.5 -C.sub.8)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, fluorine, NH.sub.2, NH-alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), N(alkyl).sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), CO.sub.2 -alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), OCO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, and R.sup.7, R.sup.8 are (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl and Y is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid, is used as catalyst.
摘要:
Osmium-catalyzed methods of addition to an olefin are discussed. In the method of asymmetric dihydroxylation of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, an oxidant and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric oxyamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, a metallochloramine derivative, an osmium-containing compound and, optionally, a tetraalkyl ammonium compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric diamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, a metallo-chloramine derivative, an amine and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In one embodiment, an olefin, a chiral ligand which is a polymeric dihydroquinidine derivative or a dihydroquinine derivative, acetone, water, a base, an oxidant and osmium tetroxide are combined to effect asymmetric dihydroxylation of the olefin.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct one-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines by means of ammonia in high yields using a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines comprising the process steps A) provision of a solution of a primary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase, B) contacting of the phase with free ammonia and/or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than 0.05 and/or in that process step B is carried out at pressures greater than 10 bar.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the production of trifluoromethylated unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds which comprises reacting an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl halide with a trifluoroacetate of formula (I) or (II), wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C5 alkyl group and M an alkali metal or an ammonium ion, in the presence of and an anorganic halogenide salt or a trifluoroacetacid salt as activator compound and a catalytic combination of a copper salt with a monodentate, bidentate or tridentate aromatic or aliphatic amine or pyridine ligand.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a catalyst based on ruthenium complexes and to a process for the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins using catalysts based on ruthenium complexes.
摘要:
Described is a process for preparing diaryl ethers of the formula (I) Ar—O—Ar′ (I) In which Ar is an aryl or substituted aryl group and Ar′ is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group, by reacting an aryl of formula (II) or a aryloxy salt of formula (III) Ar—OH (II) Ar—OR (III) In which Ar has the same meaning as in formula (I) and R is an alkali metal, with an aryl or heteroaryl bromide of formula (IV) Ar′—Br (IV) In which Ar′ has the same meaning as in formula (I), characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a copper(I)salt and a 1-substituted imidazole as catalyst system.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the telomerization of acyclic olefins having at least two conjugated double bonds (I) or mixtures in which such olefins are present with nucleophiles (II) using a metal-carbene complex as catalyst.