Abstract:
A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.
Abstract:
An electron multiplier apparatus of the type used in ion detectors, and modifications thereto for extending the operational lifetime or otherwise improving performance. The electron multiplier includes a series of discrete electron emissive surfaces configured to provide an electron amplification chain, the electron multiplier being configured so as to inhibit or prevent a contaminant from entering into, or passing partially through, or passing completely through the electron multiplier. The electron multiplier may include one or more baffles configured. so as to decrease vacuum conductance of the electron multiplier compared to the same or similar electron multiplier not having one or more baffles.
Abstract:
The MCP assembly of this embodiment is formed at least of a conductive upper support member, an MCP unit, an output electrode, a flexible sheet electrode, and a conductive lower support member as a structure for improving handleability of a flexible sheet electrode having a mesh area. The flexible sheet electrode includes the mesh area provided with plural openings. The flexible sheet electrode and the lower support member are physically and electrically connected to each other, and the flexible sheet electrode is sandwiched between the upper support member and the lower support member. As a result, even if the flexible sheet electrode becomes thin as an opening ratio of the mesh area increases, potential is set while the flexible sheet electrode is firmly held in the MCP assembly.
Abstract:
An optical tissue imaging system includes a probe for insertion into a transparent cylindrical capillary. The capillary includes an internal cylindrical channel that extends along a central axis. The capillary is inserted into tissue of a subject, and the probe may rotate and translate within the capillary. The probe may include a mirror configured to reflect light to the tissue outside of the cylindrical capillary.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a method comprising: emitting electrons from an electron ejector in response to an incident photon; driving the electrons through a hole toward a detector configured to collect the electrons and provide an output signal representative of the incident photon; driving the electrons away from sidewalls of the hole, using an electric field.
Abstract:
As a result of the size of the detector elements thereof, optoelectronic detectors such as photoelectron multipliers comprising a light-entry region sealed by a protective disc can only be used with much outlay for recording an image of a diffraction-limited focus volume in a two-dimensional spatially resolved manner, even if the image is significantly magnified in relation to the focus volume. The novel detector is intended to enable the spatially resolved detection of point spread functions with little outlay and high accuracy. 2.2 For this purpose, a body made of glass or glass ceramics comprising an opening, in which one end of an optical fiber is arranged, is cemented to the cover disc in such a way that the end of the optical fiber faces the cover disc and the optical axis thereof intersects the light-entry region. Thus, the relative position of optical fiber and entry region can be provided permanently with high accuracy. Preferably, the detector includes a plurality of detection channels, in particular 32 channels, comprising a respective light-entry region and the body includes a plurality of openings comprising a respective optical fiber. 2.3 Fluorescent microscopy.
Abstract:
A light detector includes a cooling device between a photomultiplier tube (PMT) device and a heat sink. A thermally conductive shield encloses the PMT device and the cooling device and is in thermal contact with the heat sink such that the heat sink transfers heat to the shield. The light detector may be included in sample analyzing apparatus configured for making optical measurements of a sample.
Abstract:
As a result of the size of the detector elements thereof, optoelectronic detectors such as photoelectron multipliers comprising a light-entry region sealed by a protective disc can only be used with much outlay for recording an image of a diffraction-limited focus volume in a two-dimensional spatially resolved manner, even if the image is significantly magnified in relation to the focus volume. The novel detector is intended to enable the spatially resolved detection of point spread functions with little outlay and high accuracy. 2.2 For this purpose, a body made of glass or glass ceramics comprising an opening, in which one end of an optical fibre is arranged, is cemented to the cover disc in such a way that the end of the optical fibre faces the cover disc and the optical axis thereof intersects the light-entry region. Thus, the relative position of optical fibre and entry region can be provided permanently with high accuracy. Preferably, the detector includes a plurality of detection channels, in particular 32 channels, comprising a respective light-entry region and the body includes a plurality of openings comprising a respective optical fibre. 2.3 Fluorescent microscopy.
Abstract:
In a micro-channel plate, an electron emission film and an ion barrier film formed on a substrate are integrally formed by the same film formation step. In this structure, the electron emission film and the ion barrier film are made as continuous and firm films and the ion barrier film can be made thinner. Since the ion barrier film is formed on the back side of an organic film, the organic film is exposed during removal of the organic film. This prevents the organic film from remaining and thus suppresses degradation of performance of the ion barrier film due to the residual organic film, so as to suppress ion feedback from the micro-channel plate and achieve a sufficient improvement in life characteristics of an image intensifier.
Abstract:
In an X-ray image intensifier, an incident window on which X-rays are incident is fixed to a support frame fixed to a glass vessel. The incident window has a dome portion and a flat portion around the dome portion, and is fixed to the support frame through an annular brazing sheet. The brazing sheet has brazing material layers. The brazing material layers are melted, thereby welding the brazing sheet, the incident window, and the support frame with each other. A groove is formed in the brazing sheet to form a brazing material puddle, so the brazing material will not reach the input screen of the incident window during melting.