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公开(公告)号：US07456391B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-25
申请号：US11411393
申请日：2006-04-25
IPC分类号： B01D59/44
CPC分类号： H01J49/061 , H01J49/40
摘要： By connecting the Bradbury-Nielson gate (BNG) directly to a driver without a transmission line, distortion of the voltage waveform experienced a the BNG are much reduced. Because the magnitude of the modulation defects grows as the applied modulation voltage is increased, Bradbury-Nielson gates with finer wire spacing such as 100 microns, and operating at 10 to 15 V, significantly better signal-to-noise ratios are achieved. HT-TOFMS data were also post processed using an exact knowledge of the modulation defects.
摘要翻译： 通过将Bradbury-Nielson门（BNG）直接连接到没有传输线的驱动器，经历BNG的电压波形的失真大大减少。 由于调制缺陷的幅度随着施加的调制电压的增加而增加，所以Bradbury-Nielson门具有更细的导线间距，例如100微米，并且在10至15V下工作，实现了明显更好的信噪比。 HT-TOFMS数据也使用调制缺陷的确切知识进行后处理。
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62.发明申请Single-cell analysis systems, methods of counting molecules in a single-cell, cylindrical fluorescence detection systems 审中-公开单细胞分析系统，单细胞分析方法，圆柱形荧光检测系统公开(公告)号：US20080241843A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-02
申请号：US12004874
申请日：2007-12-21
申请人： Richard N. Zare , Bo Huang
发明人： Richard N. Zare , Bo Huang
CPC分类号： G01N33/5005 , B01L3/502761 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/0208 , G01N21/6428
摘要： Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for single-cell analysis systems, methods of detecting target components in a single cell, cylindrical fluorescence detection systems, and the like.
摘要翻译： 本公开的实施例提供单细胞分析系统，检测单个细胞中的靶组分的方法，圆柱形荧光检测系统等。
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公开(公告)号：US07176452B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US11107583
申请日：2005-04-15
申请人： Ignacio A. Zuleta , Richard N. Zare
发明人： Ignacio A. Zuleta , Richard N. Zare
CPC分类号： H01J49/061 , H01J49/0018 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A beam modulation device gate is constructed from a silicon material, such as a silicon layer on an silicon on insulator wafer. The device further comprises a set of electrical contacts on the layer. The layer defines a set of electrically conducting silicon material fingers forming an array, wherein each of at least some of the fingers is connected electrically to one of the electrical contacts. The gate may be used in a mass or ion mobility spectrometer. Where the gate is constructed from a silicon on insulator wafer, an insulator layer supports the silicon layer and a handle layer supports the insulator layer. When predetermined electrical potentials are applied to the electrical contacts, at least some of the fingers will be substantially at said predetermined electrical potentials to modulate a beam of charged particles that passes through said array of fingers. A plurality of devices of the type above may be used, where each of the devices modulates the beam so that the beam is deflected along a direction different from direction along which the beam is deflected by any of the remaining devices. A plurality of devices of the type above may be used for a mass gate or charged particle buncher device. For making an ion optical device, an array of fingers is formed in a silicon layer of the silicon on insulator wafer. A portion of a handle layer of the wafer on a side of an insulator layer of the wafer opposite to that of the fingers is removed; and a portion of the insulator layer is removed so that the fingers are connected to the wafer only through the silicon layer and at one end of the fingers.
摘要翻译： 光束调制器件栅极由诸如硅绝缘体晶片上的硅层的硅材料构成。 该装置还包括该层上的一组电触点。 该层限定了一组形成阵列的导电硅材料指状物，其中至少一些指状物中的每一个与电触点之一电连接。 栅极可用于质谱或离子迁移谱仪。 在栅极由硅绝缘体晶片构成的情况下，绝缘体层支撑硅层，并且手柄层支撑绝缘体层。 当预定的电势被施加到电触点时，至少一些指状物将基本处于所述预定的电势，以调制穿过所述指状物阵列的带电粒子束。 可以使用上述类型的多个装置，其中每个装置调制光束，使得光束沿着不同于任何剩余装置偏转光束的方向的方向偏转。 上述类型的多个装置可以用于质量门或带电粒子聚束器装置。 为了制造离子光学器件，在硅绝缘体晶片的硅层中形成指状物阵列。 除去晶片的与手指相反的晶片的绝缘体层一侧的手柄层的一部分; 并且去除绝缘体层的一部分，使得指状物仅通过硅层和手指的一端连接到晶片。
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公开(公告)号：US06532071B2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09755253
申请日：2001-01-04
IPC分类号： G01N2117
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： An analog detection system for determining a ring-down rate or decay rate 1/&tgr; of an exponentially decaying ring-down beam issuing from a lifetime or ring-down cavity during a ring-down phase. Alternatively, the analog detection system determines a build-up rate of an exponentially growing beam issuing from the cavity during a ring-up phase. The analog system can be employed in continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW CRDS) and pulsed CRDS (P CRDS) arrangements utilizing any type of ring-down cavity including ring-cavities and linear cavities.
摘要翻译： 一种模拟检测系统，用于确定在衰落阶段期间从寿命或衰落腔中发出的指数衰减衰减波束的衰减速率或衰减速率1 /τ。 或者，模拟检测系统确定在振铃阶段期间从空腔发出的指数增长的光束的累积速率。 模拟系统可用于连续波腔衰减光谱（CW CRDS）和脉冲CRDS（P CRDS）布置，利用任何类型的环形腔包括环形腔和线性腔。
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公开(公告)号：US06466322B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US09470903
申请日：1999-12-23
申请人： Barbara A. Paldus , Richard N. Zare
发明人： Barbara A. Paldus , Richard N. Zare
IPC分类号： G01N2161
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： An ring-down spectroscopy instrument comprising a ring-down cavity (RDC) and CW light source (CWLS). The CWLS produces light having components with different polarizations. The ring-down cavity is optically isolated from the light source so that light reflected from the cavity is precluded from perturbing the light source. A frequency shifter shifts a mean frequency of the first component of input light with respect to a mean frequency of the second component of input light by a frequency shift &Dgr;&ngr;. A first detector measures a signal beam with the a polarization. A second detector measures a tracking beam having a second polarization. The frequency shift &Dgr;&ngr; is equal to a difference between a resonant frequency of a first cavity mode with the first polarization and a resonant frequency of a second cavity mode having the second polarization. A threshold detector delivers a trigger pulse to the frequency shifter when an intensity of the signal beam reaches a predetermined value. The trigger pulse causes the frequency shifter to temporarily change the frequency shift &Dgr;&ngr;, thereby temporarily decoupling the first component of input light from the ring-down cavity. An embodiment of the invention includes a ring down spectroscopy method. Radiation coupled into a ring-down cavity is swept in frequency by to excite one or more resonant modes of the cavity. When a fundamental mode of the cavity reaches a predetermined threshold value a digitizer produces a ring-down decay curve. An absorption spectrum is determined by extrapolating a decay constant from a logarithm of the decay curve.
摘要翻译： 一种振铃光谱仪，包括一个环形腔（RDC）和CW光源（CWLS）。 CWLS产生具有不同偏振分量的光。 环形腔与光源光学隔离，使得从空腔反射的光不被扰乱光源。 频移器将输入光的第一分量的平均频率相对于输入光的第二分量的平均频率移位频移DELTA＆lt; ngr。 第一检测器测量具有偏振的信号光束。 第二检测器测量具有第二偏振的跟踪光束。 频移DELTA＆ngr; 等于具有第一极化的第一腔模式的谐振频率和具有第二极化的第二腔模式的谐振频率之间的差。 当信号光束的强度达到预定值时，阈值检测器将触发脉冲传送到移频器。 触发脉冲使得移频器暂时改变频移DELTA＆ngr，从而暂时将输入光的第一分量与衰减腔分离。 本发明的实施例包括环形光谱法。 通过激发耦合到环形腔中的一个或多个谐振模式的频率来扫描耦合到环形腔中的辐射。 当空腔的基本模式达到预定阈值时，数字转换器产生衰减衰减曲线。 通过从衰减曲线的对数外推衰减常数来确定吸收光谱。
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公开(公告)号：US06452680B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09497309
申请日：2000-02-03
IPC分类号： G01N2100
摘要： Method and system for cavity ring down spectroscopic analysis of non-cavity-filling sample. An interface of a sample (gas, liquid, thin film, bulk solid, etc.) is positioned at a Brewster angle relative to a p-wave polarized light beam propagating in an optical cavity so that substantially no light beam energy is lost by reflection at the interface. The light beam cycles one or more times in the cavity for each of a sequence of selected wavelengths, is extracted from the cavity, and is analyzed to determine an absorption spectrum for the sample. The cavity, except for the sample region may be filled with a solid, optionally dielectrically active and optionally having an electrical field applied thereto to vary the solid's refractive index according to the light beam wavelength used.
摘要翻译： 空腔填充样品的腔环下光谱分析方法与系统。 样品（气体，液体，薄膜，体积固体等）的界面相对于在光腔中传播的p波偏振光束位于布鲁斯特角，使得基本上没有光束能量被反射损失 在界面。 对于所选波长序列中的每一个，光束在空腔中循环一次或多次，从空腔中提取，并且被分析以确定样品的吸收光谱。 除了样品区域之外的空腔可以填充固体，任选地介电活性并且任选地具有施加到其上的电场以根据所使用的光束波长改变固体的折射率。
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公开(公告)号：US06300626B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US09375080
申请日：1999-08-16
申请人： Ansgar Brock , Nestor Rodriguez , Richard N. Zare
发明人： Ansgar Brock , Nestor Rodriguez , Richard N. Zare
IPC分类号： H01J4940
CPC分类号： H01J49/0027 , H01J49/40
摘要： An ion beam supplied from a source is modulated so that ions at a constant flux is passed during on periods or portions thereof and are deflected or stopped during off periods according to a binary sequence in order to encode the ion beam with phase information of the sequence. The binary sequence is such that ions released during two consecutive on periods overlap before reaching a detector, thereby increasing the duty-cycle. The detector output signal is demodulated using the phase information of the binary sequence to recover an ion mass spectrum.
摘要翻译： 从源提供的离子束被调制成使得恒定通量的离子在其周期或其部分期间通过，并且根据二进制序列在关闭期间偏转或停止，以便用序列的相位信息对离子束进行编码 。 二进制序列使得在两个连续的时间段期间释放的离子在到达检测器之前重叠，从而增加占空比。 检测器输出信号使用二进制序列的相位信息进行解调，以恢复离子质谱。
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公开(公告)号：US5942093A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-24
申请号：US878470
申请日：1997-06-18
申请人： David J. Rakestraw , Deon S. Anex , Chao Yan , Rajeev Dadoo , Richard N. Zare
发明人： David J. Rakestraw , Deon S. Anex , Chao Yan , Rajeev Dadoo , Richard N. Zare
IPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N30/28 , G01N27/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/44704 , G01N2030/285
摘要： Method and apparatus for controlling precisely the composition and delivery of liquid at sub-.mu.L/min flow rate. One embodiment of such a delivery system is an electro-osmotically driven gradient flow delivery system that generates dynamic gradient flows with sub-.mu.L/min flow rates by merging a plurality of electro-osmotic flows. These flows are delivered by a plurality of delivery arms attached to a mixing connector, where they mix and then flow into a receiving means, preferably a column. Each inlet of the plurality of delivery arms is placed in a corresponding solution reservoir. A plurality of independent programmable high-voltage power supplies is used to apply a voltage program to each of the plurality of solution reservoirs to regulate the electro-osmotic flow in each delivery arm. The electro-osmotic flow rates in the delivery arms are changed with time according to each voltage program to deliver the required gradient profile to the column.
摘要翻译： 用于以低于L / min流速精确控制液体的组成和输送的方法和装置。 这种输送系统的一个实施例是电渗透驱动的梯度流输送系统，其通过合并多个电渗流而产生具有亚L / min流速的动态梯度流。 这些流动由连接到混合连接器的多个输送臂输送，在该混合连接器中它们混合，然后流入接收装置，优选塔。 多个输送臂的每个入口被放置在相应的溶液储存器中。 多个独立的可编程高压电源用于将多个溶液储存器中的每一个施加电压程序以调节每个输送臂中的电渗流。 输送臂中的电渗流速度根据每个电压程序随时间而改变，以将所需的梯度曲线递送到柱。
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69.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5903358A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-11
申请号：US949241
申请日：1997-10-10
摘要： A cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) system uses a free-running continuous wave (c.w.) diode laser stabilized by frequency-shifted optical feedback in the presence of strong reflections from a high-finesse Fabry-Perot resonator. The frequency-shifted feedback stabilization eliminates the need for tightly controlling the relative positions of the laser and resonator. Non-frequency-shifted feedback is used for linewidth broadening. An acousto-optic modulator placed between the diode laser output and the resonator input frequency-shifts light reflected by the resonator input, causing the laser to cycle in phase with a period equal to the inverse of the frequency-shift. The laser diode linewidth can be stabilized from several MHz for high resolution spectroscopy of species at low pressures, to several hundred MHz for lower resolution spectroscopy of species at atmospheric pressures.
摘要翻译： 空腔环形光谱（CRDS）系统使用在高精度Fabry-Perot谐振器存在强反射的情况下通过频移光学反馈稳定的自由运行连续波（c.w.）二极管激光器。 频移反馈稳定消除了对激光器和谐振器的相对位置的紧密控制的需要。 非频移反馈用于线宽展宽。 放置在二极管激光器输出和谐振器输入之间的声光调制器频移由谐振器输入反射的光，使得激光器以等于频移倒数的周期相位循环。 激光二极管线宽可以从几MHz稳定，用于低压物种的高分辨率光谱，到几百MHz，用于在大气压下物种的较低分辨光谱。
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公开(公告)号：US5298134A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-29
申请号：US64849
申请日：1993-05-20
CPC分类号： G01N30/6039 , G01N27/44717 , G01N27/44773 , G01N30/16 , G01N2030/027 , G01N2030/162 , G01N2030/285 , G01N2030/8435 , G01N30/02
摘要： A cross or T-shaped device is disclosed for use in capillary electrophoresis or capillary chromatography. The device includes a first capillary tube and a second capillary tube connected to the first tube at a point between the two ends of the first tube so that the contents flowing in the second tube will mix with a fluid flowing in the first tube. The two tubes enclose spaces with cross-sectional dimensions less than about 200 microns. The two tubes are connected so that there is substantially no dead space at the connection. The device is made by boring a hole at a selected location in the first tube, introducing an elongated guide member into the hole, threading the member into the second tube until the second tube contacts the first tube. The second tube is then permanently connected to the first tube and the guide member is then removed to form a T-shaped device. To form the cross-shaped device, a second hole is drilled at a location opposite to the first hole and a guide member is introduced into the second hole as well. A third tube is threaded onto the guide member on the opposite side of the second tube until it contacts the first tube. The third tube is also permanently connected to the first tube and the guide member is removed to yield a device with a cross-shaped configuration.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于毛细管电泳或毛细管色谱中的十字或T形装置。 该装置包括第一毛细管和第二毛细管，第二毛细管在第一管的两端之间的点处连接到第一管，使得在第二管中流动的内容物将与在第一管中流动的流体混合。 两个管围绕截面尺寸小于约200微米的空间。 连接两个管，使得连接处基本上没有死空间。 该装置通过在第一管中的选定位置钻孔，将细长引导构件引入孔中，将构件穿入第二管直到第二管接触第一管而制成。 然后将第二管永久连接到第一管，然后移除引导构件以形成T形装置。 为了形成十字形装置，在与第一孔相对的位置处钻出第二孔，并且引导构件也被引入到第二孔中。 第三管在第二管的相反侧被拧到导向件上，直到它接触第一管。 第三管也永久连接到第一管并且引导构件被移除以产生具有十字形构造的装置。
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