摘要:
An inputtable/outputtable power estimating device and method that can correctly estimate maximum inputtable and/or outputtable power of a secondary battery that can continue for a prescribed period of time. When the secondary battery is continuously charged or discharged for a prescribed period of time, the estimated value of a maximum possible charge and/or discharge current is estimated such that the terminal voltage of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage. The inputtable and/or outputtable power is estimated as the power that can be used to charge the secondary battery or be discharged from it on the basis of the estimated maximum possible current(s) and the respective upper limit voltage or lower limit voltage.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for laser welding, whereby high welding strength, a low degree of variation in strength, and lack of occurrence of burrs can be achieved when two members formed of thermoplastic resin material are welded, are provided. In a laser welding apparatus 1, contact surfaces 4 of a first member 2 formed of transmissive thermoplastic resin that transmits a laser beam and a second member 3 formed of absorptive thermoplastic resin that absorbs a laser beam are joined by melting via laser beam R. The apparatus is equipped with a casing 5 that accommodates the first member and the second member, a vacuum pump 6 that reduces the pressure inside the casing, and a laser beam generator 10, whereby at least one of the contact surfaces of the first member and the second member becomes melted. In the apparatus, the first member and the second member are made to come into contact with each other under a reduced pressure atmosphere, and contact surfaces of the two members are irradiated with laser beam R from the side of the first member that transmits laser beam.
摘要:
A body member and flange members are butted together at first and second abutment portions, and are retained by first and second backing jigs. In this arrangement, inner circumferential surfaces of the first and second abutment portions are fitted on and in close contact with outer circumferential surfaces of the first and second backing jigs. Subsequently, the friction stir welding is performed along each of the first abutment portion and the second abutment portion by using a probe which is rotated at a high speed.
摘要:
In charge rate estimating apparatus and method for a secondary cell, a current flowing through the secondary cell is measured, a voltage across terminals of the secondary cell is measured, an adaptive digital filtering is carried out using a cell model in a continuous time series shown in an equation (1), all of parameters at one time are estimated, the parameters corresponding to an open-circuit voltage which is an offset term of the equation (1) and coefficients of A(s), B(s), and C(s) which are transient terms, and, the charge rate is estimated from a relationship between a previously derived open-circuit voltage V0 and the charge rate SOC using the open-circuit voltage V0, V = B ( s ) A ( s ) · I + 1 C ( s ) · V 0 , ( 1 ) wherein s denotes a Laplace transform operator, A(s), B(s), and C(s) denote poly-nominal functions of s.
摘要:
A body member and flange members are butted together at a first abutment portion and a second abutment portion. The first and second abutment portions are held by first and second backing jigs, respectively. The first backing jig has a circumscribing recessed section corresponding to an inner circumferential surface of the first abutment portion. Further, the first backing jig has a circumscribing opening communicated with the bottom of the recessed section. On the other hand, the second backing jig has a circumscribing recessed section corresponding to an inner circumferential surface of the second abutment portion. Further, the second backing jig has a circumscribing opening communicated with the bottom of the recessed section. First and second buffer members are attached to the recessed sections, respectively.
摘要:
A porous ion exchanger includes an open cell structure including interconnected macropores and mesopores whose average diameter is in a range of 1 to 1000 μm existing on walls of the macropores. Moreover, a total pore volume is in a range of 1 to 50 ml/g, ion exchange groups are uniformly distributed, and an ion exchange capacity is not less than 0.5 mg equivalent/g of dry porous ion exchanger. The porous ion exchanger can be used as an ion exchanger filled into a deionization module of an electrodeionization water purification device, solid acid catalyst, adsorbent, and filler for chromatography.
摘要:
A valve body of an intake controlling valve, which is selectively opened and closed to communicate and interrupt communications between chambers which are divided by a partition wall in a resin surge tank, may be used for internal combustion engines. A variable intake device for an internal combustion engine is manufactured such that the valve unit is integrally assembled to a resin surge tank body by installing the valve unit into an opening of an outer wall of the resin surge tank and an opening of the partition wall formed at the partition wall and fixing the valve unit. Between the frame and the opening of the partition wall, and the valve unit and the opening of the outer wall are integrally fixed at their contact portions through adhesion with an adhesive or by welding.
摘要:
A cylinder head gasket includes a pair of first and second gasket substrates. The gasket substrates are each formed with a first and a second projection which project in opposite directions, with a clearance therebetween. According to a first aspect of the invention, each projection undergoes a plastic deformation toward the clearance defined between them when the gasket substrates are held sandwiched between a cylinder head and a cylinder block, each projection undergoing a magnitude of plastic deformation which is greater or lesser in accordance with the magnitude of a surface pressure therebetween. According to a second aspect of the invention, each projection is formed with a radially central part which projects toward the radially central part of the other projection and which is in close contact with each other continuously in the circumferential direction.
摘要:
A vehicle speed control system comprises a section for calculating a command driving force-required to make a sensed vehicle speed equal to a preset command vehicle speed, a section for calculating a command engine output in accordance with the command driving force and the command vehicle speed, a section for calculating a command engine speed corresponding to the command engine output from a predetermined engine torque-versus-speed characteristic relationship in an engine constraint state of minimum throttle setting and fuel cutoff inhibition when the command driving. force is negative, and a section for calculating a command transmission ratio in accordance with the command engine speed. When the driving force command is negative, the control system put the engine in the constraint state and controls a continuously variable transmission in response to the command transmission ratio so as to prevent undesired vehicle speed hunting.
摘要:
An apparatus for controlling the positioning of a throttle valve situated to control the amount of air permitted to enter an internal combustion engine operable in a plurality of control modes. The apparatus includes a driver responsive to a drive signal indicating a target throttle valve position for moving the throttle valve to the target throttle valve position, a sensor sensitive to the movement of the throttle valve for producing a digital sensor signal indicative of a sensed throttle valve position, and a control unit for producing the drive signal to bring the sensed throttle valve position into coincidence with the target throttle valve position. The disturbances introduced onto the driver and the sensor are estimated based on the target and sensed throttle valve positions. The target throttle valve position is corrected based on the estimated disturbances.