摘要:
A method, using a photocatalyst, to accelerate the reduction of semivolatile organic chemicals absorbed into porous, solid materials. The porous, solid material having absorbed one or more semivolatile organic contaminants. The photocatalytic material located on the surface of the porous, solid material is exposed to a light source, under aerobic conditions, which excites the photocatalyst and results in the reduction of the absorbed semivolatile organic chemical contaminants.
摘要:
The present invention provides an apparatus useful for the separation of hazardous and non-hazardous organic and inorganic constituents from various matrices. A method of separating such constituents is also provided.
摘要:
A method for the degradation of methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) and tertiary-butanol (TBA) using a mixture of Pseudomonas putida is described. The method enables almost complete remediation of MTBE and TBA in situ in contaminated water and/or soil.
摘要:
A method for reducing the toxicity of onium compounds, such as ammonium compounds and phosphonium compounds, by the use of certain additives is described. Suitable additives include, but are not necessarily limited to, carboxylic acids (e.g. naphthenic acids), sulfonic acids, organophosphonic acids, phenolic compounds, ether sulfates, phosphoric acid esters, sulfonated fatty acids, sulfated fatty acids, oligocarboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof, and alkali metal salts of these compounds and amine salts of these compounds.
摘要:
Energetic materials, such as nitrocellulose, TNT, RDX, and combinations thereof, optionally in combination with chemical warfare agents, such as mustard gas, Lewisite, Tabun, Sarin, Toman, VX, and combinations thereof, are destroyed when chemically reacted according to the method of the invention. The method comprises reacting the energetic materials and chemical warfare agents, of present, with solvated electrons which are preferably produced by dissolving an active metal such as sodium in a nitrogenous base such as anhydrous liquid ammonia.
摘要:
Methods and products for thermally degrading unwanted substances is provided which involves contacting such substances with a particulate metal composition in the presence of water and an alkali metal salt, and causing sufficient heat to be generated during such contacting to degrade the substance. The particulate metal compositions include respective quantities of particulate iron and magnesium, and optionally quantities of particulate aluminum and zinc. The compositions generate temperatures on the order of 300-550.degree. F. during such thermal degradations, along with quantities of hydrogen gas and water vapor.
摘要:
The process includes the steps of filling a first reactor (10) with a particulate support (22) comprising a solid matrix to be decontaminated and treated, or a matrix impregnated by a liquid or gaseous matrix to be decontaminated and treated; and introducing at one end (23) of the reactor (10) an oxidative flow triggering a thermoxidation reaction at the opposite end (24) in such a manner that a mobile flame front (26) is generated in the direction opposite (28) to the oxidative flow. The flame front has a temperature of at least 1200.degree. C. so as to substantially decompose or destroy contaminants, undesired substances and compounds initially present in the matrix. Preferably, prior to triggering the thermoxidation reaction, the particulate support (22) is mixed and/or treated with a decontaminating reagent.
摘要:
A chemical munitions destruction system subjects the chemical agent and energetic materials to a series of treatment processes until a preselected level of destruction is achieved. The treatment processes include chemical neutralization and processing of both the chemical and energetic agents, biological treatment of the aqueous waste streams and catalytic oxidation of the air exhaust streams. In certain cases, the energetic agent and/or the propellant components of the munitions are converted to valuable chemicals by means of catalytic hydrotreating.
摘要:
A method for decomposing and eliminating dioxins contained in flyash at a lower temperature and in a shorter time is provided, in which dioxins or dioxins-containing materials are brought into contact with amine compounds and/or ammonium compounds at a temperature lower than 300.degree. C. Chlorine in dioxins reacts with amine compounds and/or ammonium compounds and thus the dechlorination or replacement reaction of dioxin quickly proceeds under lower temperature. The method makes it possible to decompose dioxins under low temperature range in which dioxins have been thought to be undecomposable.