摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a substrate on which an electronic circuit is provided. Two or more pads may be present which can connect the electronic circuit to an external device outside the substrate. A current meter is electrically in contact with at least a part of the substrate and/or the pad. The meter can measure a parameter forming a measure for an aggregate amount of a current flowing between the substrate and said pads. A control unit is connected to the current meter and the electronic circuit, for controlling the electronic circuit based on the measured parameter.
摘要:
In one embodiment the present invention includes a computer-implemented method of evaluating interactions between processes. The method includes storing a message choreography meta-model that includes an interaction meta class and a constraint meta-class. The interaction meta-class relates to an exchange of a message between a sender and a receiver, and the constraint meta-class relates to an input to the interaction meta-class. The method further includes executing a user interface computer program with which a user creates a message choreography model between a first process and a second process. The message choreography model is based on the message choreography meta-model. The message choreography model includes interactions that conform to the interaction meta class, and includes constraints that conform to the constraint meta class. The method further includes executing a verification computer program that performs a verification of the message choreography model. The verification includes verifying absence of an inconsumable message. The method further includes executing a testing computer program that performs a testing based on the message choreography model. The testing validates on an existing implementation the message exchange execution described by the choreography.
摘要:
A method and a device are provided for operating an internal combustion engine which allow for an improved diagnosis of the valve mechanism of cylinders of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, a variable characteristic of a suction performance of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine is ascertained. The variable characteristic of the suction performance is ascertained as a function of the mass flow flowing into an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine and of a change of the intake manifold pressure during an intake phase of the cylinder.
摘要:
A method and a device are provided for operating a drive unite having an engine and a transmission, which make possible an improved shifting strategy. In a first operating state, the engine is operated using a first number of active cylinders. In a second operating state, the engine is operated using a second number of active cylinders. The first number is different from the second number. A gear ratio is set as a function of at least one operating variable of the drive unit. The gear ratio is also set as a function of the current or the attainable operating state of the engine with respect to the number of the active cylinders.
摘要:
A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine make it possible to shift the combustion limit. In this context, a predefined output variable of the internal combustion engine such as the torque, for example, is realized in at least one operating state of the internal combustion engine by at least a retardation of an ignition angle. It is checked whether, due to the retardation of the ignition angle, a variable like, for example, a misfiring, characteristic for the combustibility of the air/fuel mixture in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, exceeds a predefined limiting value in terms of a deterioration of the combustibility, and in this case, at least one actuator of the internal combustion engine, different from an actuator for setting the ignition angle, such as the exhaust-gas recirculation valve or EGR valve, for instance, is controlled along the lines of improving the combustibility of the air/fuel mixture.
摘要:
In a method of controlling an internal combustion engine, at least one operating variable is controlled, a pre-control ignition timing efficiency is formed as a function of operating parameters of the engine and/or external intervention measures, and the pre-control ignition timing efficiency determines the setpoint values of the at least one operating variable. In a transition from a first operating state to a second operating state, the pre-control ignition timing efficiency is varied by a transition function.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine (1), especially for a motor vehicle is described, which is provided with a combustion chamber (4) into which fuel can be injected directly by an injection valve (9) and can be ignited by a spark plug (10) in a first operating mode during an induction phase or in a second operating mode during a compression phase. An air/fuel mixture can be supplied via a tank venting (15, 16, 17) to the combustion chamber (4). The internal combustion engine (1) is controlled (open loop and/or closed loop) by a control apparatus (18) in such a manner that, in a third operating mode, a lean air/fuel mixture is drawn into the combustion chamber (4) via the tank venting (15, 16, 17) and, additionally, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (4) in the induction phase and in the compression phase.
摘要:
A switchable claw coupling has two rotatably arranged coupling parts (2, 3). One of said coupling parts (3) is axially movable. To reduce the loads on the claws (20, 21) during the coupling operation, the coupling part 3 has a cam (22). The cam (22) at its end face is able to slide on a supporting face 28 of the other coupling part (2). A recess (23), in the supporting face (28), is engaged by the cam (22) to enable engagement within only a limited range.
摘要:
A device is disclosed for crankshaft-synchronous detection of a periodically changing variable of an internal combustion engine, for example the load, which is measured by a sensor whose output signal which is preprocessed or filtered in a suitable fashion is sensed with a selectable timing pattern. The start of sampling is resynchronized for each segment, the signal of a CA sensor being used for synchronization, the said CA sensor sensing a disc connected to the crankshaft and outputting one signal edge per segment. The combination for crankshaft-synchronous sampling with constant timing with respect to the segment permits the use of different load detection sensors with improved accuracy in comparison with previously used methods. The average value of the load for each segment can be determined from the sampled measured values and the quantity of air inducted per power cycle can also be determined.
摘要:
A device which attaches an agricultural implement (2) to a tractor (1), and in addition, establishes a driving connection between the power take-off shaft of the tractor and the drive of the implement has, for this purpose, a drive unit (8) which includes two bevel gear angle drives (9, 10) arranged one above the other. One of the drives (9, 10) is firmly connected to the drawbar of the implement with the other one connectable to the lower steering arm of the tractor by an attaching stirrup (12). The attaching system allows the tractor and implement to pivot relative to one another around a vertical axis (25), a transverse axis (26) and a longitudinal axis (27). To achieve pivotability relative to the drive unit (8) around the longitudinal axis (27), the attaching stirrup (12) is supported by a sleeve (47) on a flange housing (39) which is arranged coaxially relative to the first connecting journal (20) of the drive unit (39) thereby achieving an improvement in the transmission of towing forces.