摘要:
Surfactant containing one or more of lysophospholipid represented by general formula; ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen atom or the acyl residue of fatty acid, but either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, the other being acyl group. X represents an organic group remaining after removing one hydrogen atom of an optional hydroxyl group of polyhydric alcohol therefrom] and the method for producing the same are described.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of producing a bipolar transistor which enables an external base region, an intrinsic base region and an emitter region to be formed in self-alignment with respect to the base electrode. More specifically, the method comprises the steps of side-etching an insulating film formed underneath the base electrode by a wet etching process to provide an undercut portion, depositing polycrystalline silicon so as to extend into the undercut portion by low pressure CVD to thereby fill the undercut portion with the polycrystalline silicon, and subjecting the polycrystalline silicon to thermal oxidation, thereby simultaneously forming a sidewall spacer whereby the base electrode and the emitter electrode are electrically isolated from each other and an oxide film on the emitter forming region, the oxide film having high selectivity in anisotropic etching with respect to the substrate (silicon).
摘要:
A silica glass crucible for pulling up a silicon single crystal including a wall part and a bottom part is provided with a natural silica glass layer which forms at least one part of a an inner surface of the bottom part, and a synthetic silica glass layer which forms at least an inner surface of the wall part, wherein a concentration of Ca included in the natural silica glass layer is 0.5 ppm or less.
摘要:
A silica glass crucible for pulling up a silicon single crystal including a wall part, a corner part and a bottom part is provided with an outer layer formed from an opaque silica glass layer which includes many bubbles, and an inner layer formed from a transparent silica glass layer which substantially does not include bubbles, wherein at least one part of an inner surface of the wall part and the corner part being an uneven surface formed with multiple damaged parts having a depth of 50 μm or more and 450 μm or less, and wherein a region among the inner surface of the bottom part within a certain range from the center of the bottom part being a smooth surface which does is substantially not formed with damage.
摘要:
In a method of fabricating a semiconductor device having a MISFET of trench gate structure, a trench is formed from a major surface of a semiconductor layer of first conductivity type which serves as a drain region, in a depth direction of the semiconductor layer, a gate insulating film including a thermal oxide film and a deposited film is formed over the internal surface of the trench, and after a gate electrode has been formed in the trench, impurities are introduced into the semiconductor substrate of first conductivity type to form a semiconductor region of second conductivity type which serves as a channel forming region, and impurities are introduced into the semiconductor region of second conductivity type to form the semiconductor region of first conductivity type which serves as a source region.
摘要:
An aqueous ink used together with a black ink containing a self-dispersion pigment, wherein the aqueous ink contains a reactive component for destabilizing the dispersion state of the self-dispersion pigment, the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 30 milliseconds is 41 mN/m or more, and the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 500 milliseconds is from 28 mN/m or more to 38 mN/m or less as determined by a maximum bubble pressure method.
摘要:
An aqueous ink contains at least an aqueous medium, a surfactant, and a dye. The aqueous medium includes only water and at least one water-soluble organic compound(s) and the static surface tension of the aqueous medium is from 45 mN/m or more to 57 mN/m or less. The dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink satisfies the following conditions: (1) The dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 50 milliseconds is from 42 mN/m or more to less than 49 mN/m; (2) The dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 500 milliseconds is from 28 mN/m or more to 38 mN/m or less; and (3) A difference between the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 50 milliseconds and the dynamic surface tension of the aqueous ink at a lifetime of 500 milliseconds is 7 mN/m or more.
摘要:
A method for producing a phospholipid using transphosphatidylation, which comprises homogenizing a mixture of a raw material phospholipid, a hydroxyl-containing acceptor, phospholipase D, and water in the absence of an organic solvent to obtain a homogenized mixture; and subjecting the homogenized mixture to a transphosphatidylation reaction at 15° C. to 65° C. The homogenized mixture has a lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal structure. An objective phospholipid can be obtained from the homogenized mixture through transphosphatidylation without using an organic solvent or calcium.
摘要:
In an ink set having a plurality of inks, the ink set has at least a pigment ink and a dye ink. The pigment ink contains at least water, a surfactant, a self-dispersion pigment, and a poor medium for self-dispersion pigment and/or a salt; a dynamic surface tension of the pigment ink at a lifetime of 50 milliseconds is higher than 47 mN/m. The dye ink contains at least water, a surfactant and a dye. An ink set is provided which can obtain images having a high image density and a superior bleeding resistance without regard to the types of recording mediums.
摘要:
An ink jet ink providing an image having excellent lightfastness and having sticking resistance and intermittent ejection stability. The ink jet ink is characterized by containing at least a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a compound represented by the following general formula (II).