公开(公告)号：US5908964A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-01

申请号：US803177

申请日：1997-02-19

申请人： Matti Koskinen ,  Petri Lindqvist ,  Harri Jarvelin ,  Juhani Aittamaa

发明人： Matti Koskinen ,  Petri Lindqvist ,  Harri Jarvelin ,  Juhani Aittamaa

IPC分类号： C07C41/06 ,  C07C41/42 ,  C07C43/04

CPC分类号： C07C41/42 ,  C07C41/06

摘要： The invention concerns a process for preparing a tertiary alkyl ether product. The process comprises reacting the isoolefins of an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock in a reaction zone (1-3) with an alkanol to form a reaction mixture, which is subjected to distillation in a first distillation zone (4). The bottoms product of the first distillation contains the ether(s), whereas the overhead stream contains unreacted alkanol and a mixture of light hydrocarbons. The overhead stream is subjected to a second distillation in a second distillation zone (15). The overhead product of the second distillation mainly contains the lightest hydrocarbons and a small amount of alkanol, and the bottoms product contains an essentially oxygenate-free hydrocarbon stream which can be used as such for alkylation. In order to increase the conversion of the process, a side drawoff is withdrawn from the second distillation zone (15) and recirculated to the reaction zone (1-3).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备叔烷基醚产物的方法。 该方法包括使反应区（1-3）中的烯烃原料的异烯烃与烷醇反应以形成反应混合物，其在第一蒸馏区（4）中进行蒸馏。 第一次蒸馏的塔底产物含有醚，而顶部物流含有未反应的链烷醇和轻烃的混合物。 塔顶流在第二蒸馏区（15）中进行第二次蒸馏。 第二次蒸馏的塔顶产物主要含有最轻的烃和少量的链烷醇，底部产物含有基本上不含氧的烃流，可用于烷基化。 为了增加该方法的转化率，从第二蒸馏区（15）取出侧抽出物并再循环至反应区（1-3）。

公开(公告)号：US5852220A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-22

申请号：US771417

申请日：1996-12-20

申请人： Harri Jarvelin ,  Petri Lindqvist ,  Esa Tamminen

发明人： Harri Jarvelin ,  Petri Lindqvist ,  Esa Tamminen

IPC分类号： C07C41/06 ,  C07C41/05

CPC分类号： C07C41/06

摘要： A process for producing tertiary alkyl ethers by reacting an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, which contains a mixture of reactive C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 isoolefins, with an alkanol in the presence of a catalyst that will enhance the reaction between the isoolefins and the alkanol. By adjusting the weight ratio of the isobutylene to the reactive C.sub.6 isoolefins of the feed to a value of about 0.2 to 10, it is possible to increase the conversion of reactive C.sub.4 's to over 95%, of reactive C.sub.5 's to over 85% and of reactive C.sub.6 's to over 57%.

摘要翻译： 在催化剂存在下，使含有活性C4-C7异烯烃的混合物的烯烃原料与烷醇反应生成叔烷基醚的方法，该催化剂将增强异烯烃和链烷醇之间的反应。 通过将异丁烯与进料的活性C 6异烯烃的重量比调节至约0.2至10的值，可以将反应性C4的转化率增加至超过95％，反应性C5的转化率超过85％，反应性 C6超过57％。

公开(公告)号：US5789092A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US676108

申请日：1996-06-27

申请人： David John Spiers ,  Jyrki Rainer Leppanen

发明人： David John Spiers ,  Jyrki Rainer Leppanen

IPC分类号： H01M8/04007 ,  H01M10/50

CPC分类号： H01M8/04007 ,  H01M10/615 ,  H01M10/637

摘要： The invention concerns a method and an equipment for prevention of cooling of electrochemical devices (10). The temperature of the electrochemical device (10) is measured and, as the temperature falls below a certain preset lower limit (T.sub.minimum), an additional load (17), which is at least high enough so that the electric current that it produces heats the electrochemical device (10), is connected to the device. The additional load (17) is disconnected from the electrochemical device (10) as the temperature has reached a certain preset upper limit (T.sub.maximum).

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI94 / 00587 Sec。 371日期1996年6月27日第 102（e）日期1996年6月27日PCT 1994年12月29日PCT PCT。 公开号WO95 / 18469 日期1995年7月6日本发明涉及一种用于防止电化学装置（10）的冷却的方法和设备。 测量电化学装置（10）的温度，并且随着温度低于某一预设下限（Tminimum），附加负载（17）至少足够高，使得其产生的电流加热 电化学装置（10）连接到装置。 随着温度达到一定的预设上限（Tmaximum），附加负载（17）与电化学装置（10）断开连接。

公开(公告)号：US5662833A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-02

申请号：US562245

申请日：1995-11-22

申请人： Jukka Laakso ,  Jan-Erik Osterholm ,  Hannele Jarvinen

发明人： Jukka Laakso ,  Jan-Erik Osterholm ,  Hannele Jarvinen

IPC分类号： C08L61/06 ,  C08L67/06 ,  C08L79/02 ,  H01B1/12 ,  C08L61/10 ,  C08L61/28 ,  C08L63/00

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08L61/06 ,  C08L67/06 ,  C08L79/02

摘要： The present invention relates to electrically conducting thermoset compositions and methods for preparing them. In the compositions according to the invention, the conducting component is a polyaniline protonated with a protonic acid containing at least one hydroxyl group. The thermoset matrix can be, for instance, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, or a polyester resin.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及导电热固性组合物及其制备方法。 在根据本发明的组合物中，导电组分是用含有至少一个羟基的质子酸质子化的聚苯胺。 热固性基质可以是例如酚醛树脂，三聚氰胺 - 甲醛树脂或聚酯树脂。

公开(公告)号：US5585038A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-17

申请号：US253904

申请日：1994-06-03

申请人： Pauli Kirmanen ,  Esko Savolainen ,  Esa Virtanen ,  Toivo K arn a ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Heikki Ruohonen ,  Kimmo V akiparta ,  Olli Ikkala ,  Hannele J arvinen

发明人： Pauli Kirmanen ,  Esko Savolainen ,  Esa Virtanen ,  Toivo K arn a ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Heikki Ruohonen ,  Kimmo V akiparta ,  Olli Ikkala ,  Hannele J arvinen

IPC分类号： C08G73/00 ,  C08G73/02 ,  C08L79/00 ,  C08L79/08 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01B1/04

CPC分类号： C08G73/0266 ,  H01B1/128

摘要： The invention relates to a conductive polymer complex which contains a polyaniline or derivative thereof doped with a protonic acid. By the method according to the invention, a conductive polymer is obtained having substantially reduced acidity, sufficiently high conductivity level, and which is suitable, for example, for being melt processed in conventional plastics processing apparatus. The acidity of the conductive polymer can be reduced by having the conductive polymer contain both a metal compound and an additionally neutralizing compound. The obtained conductive polymer material, having a pH value of approximately 3-8, can be mixed with an insulating polymer to produce a conductive plastics mixture. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a conductive polymer that is more processable by incorporating therein a plasticizing agent selected from the group consisting of water, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及含有掺杂有质子酸的聚苯胺或其衍生物的导电聚合物络合物。 通过根据本发明的方法，获得了具有显着降低的酸度，足够高的导电率的导电聚合物，并且其适用于例如在常规塑料加工设备中熔融加工。 通过使导电聚合物含有金属化合物和另外的中和化合物，可以降低导电聚合物的酸度。 获得的pH值约为3-8的导电聚合物材料可与绝缘聚合物混合以制备导电塑料混合物。 本发明还涉及一种制备导电聚合物的方法，该导电聚合物通过在其中加入选自水，C1-C3醇及其混合物的增塑剂更加可加工。

公开(公告)号：US5512685A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-30

申请号：US244379

申请日：1994-12-20

申请人： Hannele Jarvinen ,  Leila Lahtinen ,  Osmo Hormi ,  Jan Nasman ,  Anna-Liisa Tammi

发明人： Hannele Jarvinen ,  Leila Lahtinen ,  Osmo Hormi ,  Jan Nasman ,  Anna-Liisa Tammi

IPC分类号： C07D333/08 ,  C07D333/06 ,  C07D333/02

CPC分类号： C07D333/08

摘要： The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3-substituted thiophenes in which the substituent is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkyl group. According to the invention, the preparation is carried out by allowing an alkali metal salt of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkyl-succinic acid to react with a compound of sulfur and phosphorus, e.g. tetraphosphorus decasulfide, in an organic solvent at a temperature of 100.degree.-180.degree. C., the product obtained being 3-(C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkyl)thiophene. The said reaction may be the last step in a process in which the initial material is maleic acid anhydride with which .alpha.-C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkene is combined so that C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkenylsuccinic acid anhydride is obtained, whereafter this is hydrogenated catalytically to produce C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkylsuccinic acid anhydride. This is thereafter reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide so that an alkali salt of the C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkylsuccinic acid is obtained, which salt is reacted with a compound of sulfur and phosphorus to produce 3-(C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkyl)thiophene, which constitutes the final product.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FI92 / 00333 Sec。 371日期1994年12月20日第 102（e）日期1994年12月20日PCT提交1992年12月8日PCT公布。 出版物WO93 / 12106 日期：1993年6月24日。本发明涉及一种制备3-取代噻吩的方法，其中取代基是C4-C18-烷基。 根据本发明，通过使C4-C18-烷基 - 琥珀酸的碱金属盐与硫和磷的化合物反应来进行制备。 十四硫化四磷，在有机溶剂中，在100-180℃的温度下，得到的产物是3-（C 4 -C 18 - 烷基）噻吩。 所述反应可以是其中初始材料是马来酸酐与其中α-C 4 -C 18 - 烯烃组合使得得到C 4 -C 18 - 烯基琥珀酸酐的方法中的最后一个步骤，然后将其氢化催化以产生 C4-C18-烷基琥珀酸酐。 然后与碱金属氢氧化物反应，得到C4-C18-烷基琥珀酸的碱金属盐，该盐与硫和磷的化合物反应生成3-（C 4 -C 18烷基）噻吩，其中 构成最终产品。

公开(公告)号：US5340499A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

申请号：US927858

申请日：1992-08-11

申请人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Timo Niemi ,  Heikki Ruohonen ,  Esko Savolainen ,  Helge Lindstrom ,  Esa Virtanen ,  Olli Ikkala ,  Alejandro Andreatta

发明人： Toivo Karna ,  Jukka Laakso ,  Timo Niemi ,  Heikki Ruohonen ,  Esko Savolainen ,  Helge Lindstrom ,  Esa Virtanen ,  Olli Ikkala ,  Alejandro Andreatta

IPC分类号： C08K3/22 ,  C08L79/02 ,  C08L101/00 ,  H01B1/12 ,  H01B1/00

CPC分类号： H01B1/128 ,  C08K3/22 ,  C08L101/00 ,  C08L79/02 ,  Y10S264/17 ,  Y10S264/26 ,  Y10S428/922 ,  Y10T428/29 ,  Y10T428/31504

摘要： Compositions and methods are described that relate to the use of reaction products of metal compounds and protonic acids for plasticizing and neutralizing acidic, protonated compositions comprising substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines and co-polymers and or mixtures thereof; and for reducing the percolation threshold for conductivity in blends with insulating bulk polymers.

摘要翻译： 描述了涉及金属化合物和质子酸的反应产物用于增塑和中和包含取代和未取代的聚苯胺和共聚物及其混合物的酸性质子化组合物的组合物和方法; 并且用于减少与绝缘本体聚合物的共混物中的电导率的渗透阈值。

公开(公告)号：US5300578A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-05

申请号：US9772

申请日：1993-01-27

申请人： Torvald Vestberg ,  Ismo Lehtiniemi

发明人： Torvald Vestberg ,  Ismo Lehtiniemi

IPC分类号： C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/18 ,  C08F2/44 ,  C08F255/02 ,  C08F2/20 ,  C08F255/04

CPC分类号： C08F255/02

摘要： A method for preparing a polyolefine--vinyl polymer composite, wherein about 10-200 parts by weight of vinyl monomer and about 0.01-4.0 parts by weight of a free radical polymerization initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of vinyl monomer, are impregnated in 100 parts of weight of polyolefine particles by slowly mixing these at a temperature of about 20.degree.-130.degree. C. while maintaining the particle structure of the polyolefine. After 50-99% of the amount of the monomer has been absorbed into the polyolefine particles, a water suspension is prepared by adding to the above-mentioned mixture about 80-1000 parts by weight water, based on 100 parts of weight of polyolefine+vinyl monomer, as well as a stabilizing agent. The temperature of the water suspension is then increased for polymerizing the vinyl monomer.

摘要翻译： 一种制备聚烯烃 - 乙烯基聚合物复合材料的方法，其中基于100重量份的乙烯基单体将约10-200重量份的乙烯基单体和约0.01-4.0重量份的自由基聚合引发剂浸渍在 通过在保持聚烯烃的颗粒结构的同时在约20摄氏度至130摄氏度的温度下缓慢混合它们100重量份的聚烯烃微粒。 在50-99％的单体量被吸收到聚烯烃颗粒中之后，通过向上述混合物中加入约80-1000重量份的水，基于100重量份的聚烯烃+ 乙烯基单体，以及稳定剂。 然后增加水悬浮液的温度以使乙烯基单体聚合。

公开(公告)号：US5290748A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-01

申请号：US912211

申请日：1992-07-16

申请人： Hilkka Knuuttila ,  Eeva-Liisa Lakomaa

发明人： Hilkka Knuuttila ,  Eeva-Liisa Lakomaa

IPC分类号： B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/30 ,  B01J37/02 ,  C08F4/24 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F4/22

CPC分类号： C08F10/00 ,  B01J37/0238 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/30

摘要： The present invention concerns a polymerization catalyst of olefins, said catalyst containing an active chromium compound on an inorganic support. The catalyst in accordance with the invention is prepared by vaporizing a precursor of chromium oxide such as chromyl chloride and allowing the chromium oxide vapor to react with the surface of, e.g., silica gel support material at 160.degree. . . . 500.degree. C. A selective binding of the chromium oxide to the support material is achieved by keeping the vapor pressure sufficiently high and the duration of interaction with the support sufficiently long so as to maintain an excess of the chromium compound in relation to the number of available binding sites on the support material. The activity of a catalyst in accordance with the invention even with a very low content of catalytic metal is as high as the activity of a catalyst of an appreciably higher metal content that has been prepared by the methods of the conventional technology.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及烯烃的聚合催化剂，所述催化剂在无机载体上含有活性铬化合物。 根据本发明的催化剂是通过使铬氧化物的前体如氯化氯蒸发并使铬氧化物蒸气与例如硅胶支撑材料的表面在160度反应来制备的。 。 。 通过保持蒸汽压力足够高并且与载体的相互作用的持续时间足够长以便使铬化合物的过量相对于载体材料的数量保持不变，实现铬氧化物与载体材料的选择性结合 支撑材料上的可用结合位点。 即使使用非常低含量的催化金属，根据本发明的催化剂的活性与通过常规技术方法制备的显着更高的金属含量的催化剂的活性一样高。

公开(公告)号：US5198559A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-30

申请号：US554415

申请日：1990-07-19

申请人： Leila Lahtinen ,  Salme Koskimies ,  Simo Tuominen ,  Eija Valtonen

发明人： Leila Lahtinen ,  Salme Koskimies ,  Simo Tuominen ,  Eija Valtonen

IPC分类号： C07C233/18 ,  C07C233/69 ,  C08K5/20

CPC分类号： C08K5/20 ,  C07C233/18 ,  C07C233/69

摘要： The present invention relates to N acyl and O acyl derivatives of N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine which are produced as follows: ammonium halide, sulphate or aldehyde, and isobutyl aldehyde are subjected to condensation reaction and the obtained product is reduced to the corresponding amino alcohol. The hydrogen atoms linked to the nitrogen atom and the oxygen atom are thereafter substituted by acyl groups. The N-acylation and esterification of hydroxyl groups can be performed simultaneously using a carboxyl acid, carboxyl acid halide, or carboxyl acid anhydride. The N,N-bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl)amine derivatives can be used as polymer stabilizers, PCV plasticizers, emulsifiers, corrosion resistance agents, and metal complexing agents.