Abstract:
There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons which utilizes a zeolite bound zeolite catalyst that has enhanced performance when utilized in hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., catalytic cracking, alkylation, disproportionation of toluene, isomerization, and transalkylation reactions. The catalyst comprises a first zeolite having particles of greater than about 0.1 micron average particle size and a binder comprising second zeolite particles having an average particle size less than said first particles.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for improving the catalytic activity of small and medium pore acidic zeolite catalyst which comprises the steps of treating a zeolite with a phosphorus compound to form a phosphorus treated zeolite and combining the phosphorus treated zeolite with AlPO.sub.4. Optionally the phosphorus treated zeolite is calcined. The step of combining the zeolite with AlPO.sub.4 may optionally be followed by steaming the combined catalyst. Examples of useful phosphorus containing compounds useful in treating the zeolite include phosphoric acid, ammonium mono or dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphites, and organophosphines. Preferably the phosphorus containing compound is an ammonium acid phosphate. An additional alternate embodiment provides a process for increasing the hydrothermal stability of a zeolite catalyst which comprises first treating a zeolite with a phosphorus containing compound then blending with AlPO.sub.4. The catalyst of the invention may be combined with other catalysts or used alone. The invention may be used in a process for cracking hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst prepared as described above.
Abstract:
There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons which utilizes a zeolite bound zeolite catalyst that has enhanced performance when utilized in hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., catalytic cracking, alkylation, disproportionation of toluene, isomerization, and transalkylation reactions. The catalyst comprises a first zeolite having particles of greater than about 0.1 micron average particle size and a binder comprising second zeolite particles having an average particle size less than said first particles.
Abstract:
A fluid coking-gasification process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestocks to lower boiling products in which an inorganic metal composition is used to mitigate slagging in the gasifier, wherein the metal is selected from the alkaline-earths, the rare earths, and zirconium. The inorganic metal composition is added either directly into the gasifier or it is mixed with the coke passing from the heating zone to the gasification zone.
Abstract:
Olefins are selectively separated from hydrocarbon feeds containing mixtures of olefins and paraffins by contacting said hydrocarbon feed mixture with one side of a micro-porous, non-selective partition barrier membrane while simultaneously passing, preferably in countercurrent flow, along the opposite side of said membrane a polar solvent. The olefin preferentially passes through said micro-porous non selective partition barrier in response to the polar solvent yielding a permeate enriched in olefin and a retentate enriched in paraffin as compared to the original feed stream.
Abstract:
A fluid coking-gasification process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestocks to lower boiling products in which calcium silicate is used to mitigate bogging, slagging, or both. The calcium silicate can be added directly to the heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestock to mitigate both bogging and slagging or it can be added directly into the gasifier to mitigate slagging.
Abstract:
Multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and/or toxins are selectively solvent extracted from hydocarbon feed streams by the process comprising contacting the aromatics and/or toxins containing hydrocarbon stream with one side of a porous, non-selective partition barrier membrane while simultaneously contacting the other side of said membrane with an aromatics selective extraction solvent whereby the multi-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and/or toxins selectively migrate through the porous partition barrier membrane in response to the selective solvent. A preferred extraction solvent is ethylenediamine. The permeate comprising multi-ring aromatics in solvent can be subjected to a membrane separation process to separate the extraction solvent from the aromatics.