摘要:
There is provided a coated zeolite catalyst in which the accessibility of the acid sites on the external surfaces of the zeolite is controlled and a process for converting hydrocarbons utilizing the coated zeolite catalyst. The zeolite catalyst comprises core crystals of a first zeolite and a discontinuous layer of smaller size second crystals of a second zeolite which cover at least a portion of the external surface of the first crystals The coated zeolite catalyst finds particular application in hydrocarbon conversion processes where catalyst activity in combination with zeolite structure are important for reaction selectivity, e.g., catalytic cracking, alkylation, disproportional of toluene, isomerization, and transalkylation reactions.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for producing zeolite-bound high silica zeolites and the use of the zeolite-bound high silica zeolite produced by the process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process is carried out by forming an extrudable paste comprising a mixture of high silica zeolite in the hydrogen form, water, silica, and optionally an extrusion aid, extruding the extrudable paste to form silica-bound high silica zeolite extrudates, and then converting the silica of the binder to a zeolite binder. The zeolite-bound high silica zeolite produced by the process comprises high silica zeolite crystals that are bound together by zeolite binder crystals. The zeolite-bound high silica zeolite finds particular application in hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., catalytic cracking, alkylation, disproportionation of toluene, isomerization, and transalkylation reactions.
摘要:
There is provided catalysts and conversion processes for converting hydrocarbons using the catalysts. The catalysts comprises a first alumino-phosphospho-molecular sieves and a binder comprising a second alumino-phopho-molecular sieves. Exemplary conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, dewaxing, reforming, dealkylation, dehydrogenation, transalkylation, alkylation, and isomerization.
摘要:
A process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst at conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst includes at least one molecular sieve and at least one clay, and wherein said catalyst is sufficient to reduce more than 50% of the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock.
摘要:
Peroxo-carbonates derived from molten alkali and/or Group II metal salts, particularly carbonate salts are used as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation reactions, transition metal compounds may be included to improve the selectivity of the reactions.
摘要:
A xylene isomerization process is disclosed in which any ethylbenzene in the feed is removed, either by dealkylation or isomerization, in a separate reactor upstream of the xylene isomerization reactor and the xylene isomerization catalyst is contained in the same reactor, typically a clay treater, as that used to accommodate the olefin removal catalyst. In certain cases, a single catalyst may be used to effect both xylene isomerization and olefin removal.
摘要:
There is provided a process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising macrostructures having a three-dimensional network of particles comprised of porous inorganic material. The particles of the macrostructures occupy less than 75% of the total volume of the macrostructures and are joined together to form a three-dimensional interconnected network comprised of pores having diameters greater than about 20 Å. The macrostructures can be made by forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger and a synthesis mixture capable of forming the porous inorganic material; converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material; and removing the porous organic ion exchanger from the inorganic material.
摘要:
A process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst at conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst includes at least one molecular sieve and at least one clay, and wherein said catalyst is sufficient to reduce more than 50% of the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock.
摘要:
In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10−22 bar, an oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and that remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having a carbon partial pressure of 10−22 bar, an oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.
摘要:
There is provided a catalyst containing porous macrostructures comprised of: (a) a three-dimensional network of particles of porous inorganic material (e.g., zeolites); and, (b) at least one metal (e.g., a catalytically active metal). The particles of the at least one macrostructure occupy less than 75% of the total volume of the at least one macrostructure and are jointed together to form a three-dimensional interconnected network. The three-dimensional interconnected network will usually be comprised of pores having diameters greater than about 20 Å. The macrostructures can be made by forming an admixture containing a porous organic ion exchanger (e.g., a polymer-based ion exchange resin) and a synthesis mixture (e.g., for zeolite formation) capable of forming the porous inorganic material and the at least one metal; converting the synthesis mixture to the porous inorganic material; and removing the porous organic ion exchanger from the inorganic material. The metal-containing macrostructures find application in hydrocarbon conversion (e.g., hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization, isomerization, hydrocracking, dewaxing, reforming, conversion of alkyl aromatics, etc.) and in the reduction of emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and/or oxides of nitrogen from an internal combustion engine.