摘要:
The semiconductor device according to the present invention has a semiconductor layer having not smaller than two types of crystal grains different in size within a semiconductor circuit on a same substrate.
摘要:
The semiconductor device according to the present invention has a semiconductor layer having not smaller than two types of crystal grains different in size within a semiconductor circuit on a same substrate.
摘要:
A method of producing a thin film transistor comprises irradiating a resist on a glass base plate with a ray from a light source through a mask and, thereafter, developing the resist to form contact holes, using an i-ray as the ray.
摘要:
A problem of a decrease in transmissive light, which partly occurs at a boundary between two polarization modulation regions of a polarized phase shift mask, is solved. A photomask for use in an exposure apparatus which forms an exposure pattern by illumination includes at least two polarization modulation regions which produce mutually incoherent polarized light components and adjoin each other, at least two phase modulation regions which impart a phase difference of 180° and adjoin each other, and amplitude modulation regions which decrease transmittance. A contact line between the polarization modulation regions and a contact line between the phase modulation regions are located at a corresponding position, and the amplitude modulation regions are provided on both sides of the common contact line, with a predetermined distance from the common contact line.
摘要:
A crystallization apparatus includes an optical illumination system to illuminate a phase shift mask and which irradiates an amorphous semiconductor film with a light beam having an inverse peak type light intensity distribution including a minimum light intensity in a point corresponding to a phase shift portion of the phase shift mask to produce a crystallized semiconductor film. A wavefront dividing element is disposed on a light path between the optical illumination system and the phase shift mask. The wavefront dividing element wavefront-divides the light beam supplied from the optical illumination system into a plurality of light beams, and condenses the wavefront-divided light beams in the corresponding phase shift portion or in the vicinity of the portion.
摘要:
A crystallization apparatus includes a mask and an illumination system which illuminates the mask with a light beam, the light beam from the illumination system becoming a light beam having a light intensity distribution with an inverse peak pattern when transmitted through the mask, and irradiating a polycrystal semiconductor film or an amorphous semiconductor film, thereby generating a crystallized semiconductor film. The mask includes a light absorption layer having light absorption characteristics according to the light intensity distribution with the inverse peak pattern.
摘要:
A crystallization apparatus includes an illumination system which applies illumination light for crystallization to a non-single-crystal semiconductor film, and a phase shifter which includes first and second regions disposed to form a straight boundary and transmitting the illumination light from the illumination system by a first phase retardation therebetween, and phase-modulates the illumination light to provide a light intensity distribution having an inverse peak pattern that light intensity falls in a zone of the non-single-crystal semiconductor film containing an axis corresponding to the boundary. The phase shifter further includes a small region which extends into at least one of the first and second regions from the boundary and transmits the illumination light by a second phase retardation with respect to the at least one of the first and second regions.
摘要:
A crystallization apparatus includes an image forming optical system which has an image side numerical aperture set to a value required to generate a light intensity distribution with an inverse peak pattern and sets an amorphous semiconductor film and a phase shift mask to an optically conjugate relationship. The phase shift mask has a boundary area which extends along a first axial line, and a first area and a second area which are arranged on both sides of the boundary area have a predetermined phase difference therebetween. The boundary area has a phase distribution which varies from a phase of the first area to a phase of the second area.
摘要:
A light irradiation apparatus includes a light modulation element which has a phase modulation area having at least one basic pattern for modulating a light beam, an illumination system which illuminates the phase modulation area of the light modulation element with a light beam, and an image formation optical system which causes a light beam on an irradiation target surface a light intensity distribution having an inverse-peak-shaped pattern formed based on the light beam phase-modulated by the phase modulation element to fall on an irradiation target object. Dimensions of the basic pattern are not greater than a point spread function range of the image formation optical system converted in terms of the light modulation element. The phase modulation area is configured in such a manner that a phase distribution in a light complex amplitude distribution on the irradiation target surface becomes a saw-tooth-like distribution along a line segment in a lateral direction.
摘要:
An intervertebral spacer is to be inserted between two vertebral bodies. The intervertebral spacer including a pair of block bodies. Each of the block bodies has an abdominal side portion to be directed to an abdominal side of a patient when inserted in the vertebral bodies and a back side portion to be directed to a back side of the patient when inserted in the vertebral bodies. Each block body is configured such that a width of the abdominal side portion is greater than a width of the back side portion.