摘要:
Aberrations of an imaging system (PL) can be detected in an accurate and reliable way by imaging, by means of the imaging system, a circular phase structure (22) on a photoresist (PR), developing the resist and scanning it with a scanning detection device (SEM) which is coupled to an image processor (IP). The circular phase structure is imaged in a ring structure (25) and each type of aberration, like coma, astigmatism, three-point aberration, etc. causes a specific change in the shape of the inner contour (CI) and the outer contour (CE) of the ring and/or a change in the distance between these contours, so that the aberrations can be detected independently of each other. Each type of aberration is represented by a specific Fourier harmonic (Znull), which is composed of Zernike coefficients (Znull), each representing a specific lower or higher order sub-aberration. The new method enables to determine these sub-aberrations The new method may be used for measuring a projection system for a lithographic projection apparatus.
摘要:
A lithographic projection apparatus for step-and-scan imaging of a mask pattern (c) on a substrate (W) is described. The synchronous movement of the mast (MA) and the substrate (W) during scanning is controlled by means of contactless measuring systems, inter alia, interferometer systems (ISR, ISW), while the measuring faces (R.sub.1,r, R.sub.1,w) associated with these systems are formed by faces of the holders (WH, MH) for the substrate (W) and the mask (MA), so that very accurate measurements are possible.
摘要:
An imaging apparatus and an illumination unit for use in such an apparatus are described, which unit comprises an illumination housing (LH) accommodating a radiation source (LA) and at least a reflector (RL). To prevent a decrease of the radiation power supplied by the illumination housing, this housing is provided with means (LA, SH, L.sub.29) which prevent a diffuse deposit of silicon-containing particles present in the ambient air from being formed on optical components within the illumination housing.
摘要:
A projection apparatus is described having a reference plate with a set of grating marks in X and Y directions for aligning with an exposure mask having similar marks, and having four detectors for each mark, and having a lens system for projecting only the relevant mark on the relevant detector. A method of projecting is also described in which the detection signals are simultaneously processed with other signals to result in a control signal to adjust image quality.
摘要:
In a lithographic projection apparatus, a grating spectral filter is used to filter an EUV projection beam. The grating spectral filter is preferably a blazed, grazing incidence, reflective grating. Cooling channels may be provided in or on the rear of the grating spectral filter. The grating spectral filter may be formed of a material effectively invisible to the desired radiation.
摘要:
Support device (53) provided with a first part (69) and a second part (71) which is supported relative to the first part by means of a gas spring (73) having a pressure chamber (75). A gas supply (117), which compensates for gas leakage from the pressure chamber (75) during operation, is connected to an intermediate space (119) which is in communication with the pressure chamber (75) via a pneumatic restriction (121). The gas pressure present in the intermediate space (119) is held as constant as possible during operation by means of a control loop (123), to prevent transmission of pressure fluctuations which are present in the gas supply (117) to the pressure chamber (75) as much as possible. Such pressure fluctuations are undesirable in the pressure chamber because they cause mechanical vibrations in the second part of the support device and the device to be supported. The support device is used in a lithographic device for the support of a frame (39) with respect to a base (37), the frame (39) supporting a focusing unit (5).
摘要:
Photolithographic apparatus (1) including an illumination unit (3). The illumination unit (3) comprises, in this order, a radiation source unit (11), a first optical system (5) and an optical waveguide (17). The apparatus (1) further includes a second optical system (7) and a mask table (9). The apparatus (1) is adapted in such a way that both the stepper mode and the scanner mode are selectable modi, and comprises means by which the illumination unit (11), when being operative, has a slit-shaped static illumination field with a width s which is variable between s.sub.min and s.sub.max while substantially maintaining energy within the static illumination field.
摘要:
A composite interferometer system has a plurality of X and/or Y measuring axes which co-operate with an X and/or Y measuring mirror arranged on an object. The interferometer system also has at least one Z measuring axis, which extends partly in an XY plane and co-operates with Z measuring mirrors arranged on the object and Z reflectors. Thus, a larger number of more accurate and reliable measurements can be performed with the interferometer system.
摘要:
A positioning device for manipulation of objects, provided with an object holder (5) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (.theta.) by means of a .theta.-manipulator and is displaceable by translation along a Z-axis coinciding with the axis of rotation (.theta.) by means of a Z-manipulator. The two manipulators are coupled to each other by means of a separator (17, 153) in such a manner that the .theta.-movement and the Z-movement are independent of each other. The positioning device is particularly suitable for manipulation of objects in the submicron range, such as takes place, for example, in optical lithographic devices according to the invention.
摘要:
The reflectivity of multilayered EUV mirrors tuned for 11-16 nm, for which the two-component Mo/Be and Mo/Si multilayered systems are commonly used, is enhanced by incorporating additional elements and their compounds mainly from period 5 of the periodic table. In addition, the reflectivity performance of the multilayer stacks is further enhanced by a numerical global optimization procedure by which the layer thicknesses are varied for optimum performance in, contradistinction to the constant layer thicknessnulli.e. constant partition rationullmultilayer stacks commonly designed and, fabricated hitherto. By incorporating additional materials with differing complex refractive indices in various regions of the stack, or by wholly replacing one of the components (typically Mo), we have observed peak reflectivity enhancements of up to 5% for a single reflector compared to a standard unoptimized stack. The additional materials used are: Rb, RbCl, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru, Rh, Tc, Pd, Nb and Be. Protective capping layers of B, Ru, Rh, C, Si3N4, SiC, in addition to protecting the mirrors from environmental attack, may serve to improve the reflectivity characteristics.