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公开(公告)号：US20120121989A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-17
申请号：US13296753
申请日：2011-11-15
IPC分类号： H01M10/056
CPC分类号： H01M10/0569 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/483 , H01M4/75 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/0568 , H01M2300/0034 , H01M2300/0037 , Y02E60/122
摘要： Provided are novel electrolytes for use in rechargeable lithium ion cells containing high capacity active materials, such as silicon, germanium, tin, and/or aluminum. These novel electrolytes include one or more pyrocarbonates and, in certain embodiments, one or more fluorinated carbonates. For example, dimethyl pyrocarbonate (DMPC) may be combine with mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). Alternatively, DMPC or other pyrocarbonates may be used without any fluorinated carbonates. A weight ratio of pyrocarbonates may be between about 0% and 50%, for example, about 10%. Pyrocarbonates may be combined with other solvents, such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and/or ethyl-methyl carbonate (EMC). Alternatively, pyrocarbonates may be used without such solvents. Experimental results conducted using electrochemical cells with silicon based electrodes demonstrated substantial improvements in cycle life when pyrocarbonate containing electrolytes were used in comparison with pyrocarbonate free electrolytes.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于可再充电锂离子电池的新型电解质，其包含高容量活性材料，例如硅，锗，锡和/或铝。 这些新型电解质包括一种或多种热解碳酸盐，并且在某些实施方案中包括一种或多种氟化碳酸盐。 例如，焦碳酸二甲酯（DMPC）可以与单氟代碳酸亚乙酯（FEC）组合。 或者，可以使用DMPC或其它焦碳酸酯而没有任何氟化碳酸酯。 焦碳酸酯的重量比可以在约0％至50％之间，例如约10％。 焦碳酸酯可以与其它溶剂如碳酸亚乙酯（EC），碳酸亚丙酯（PC），碳酸二甲酯（DMC），碳酸二乙酯（DEC）和/或碳酸甲乙酯（EMC）等组合。 或者，可以使用焦碳酸酯而不使用这些溶剂。 使用具有硅基电极的电化学电池进行的实验结果表明，当使用含焦碳酸盐的电解质与无焦碳酸盐电解质相比时，循环寿命显着改善。
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公开(公告)号：US20110171502A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-14
申请号：US13004737
申请日：2011-01-11
申请人： Ryan J. Kottenstette , Eugene Berdichevsky , Constantin I. Stefan , Gregory Alan Roberts , Song Han , Yi Cui
发明人： Ryan J. Kottenstette , Eugene Berdichevsky , Constantin I. Stefan , Gregory Alan Roberts , Song Han , Yi Cui
CPC分类号： H01M4/505 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/362 , H01M4/485 , H01M4/525 , H01M10/049 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/446 , H01M2004/021 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/4911
摘要： Electrochemical cells containing nanostructured negative active materials and composite positive active materials and methods of fabricating such electrochemical cells are provided. Positive active materials may have inactive components and active components. Inactive components may be activated and release additional lithium ions, which may offset some irreversible capacity losses in the electrochemical cells. In certain embodiments, the activation releases lithium ion having a columbic content of at least about 400 mAh/g based on the weight of the activated material.
摘要翻译： 提供含有纳米结构负极活性材料和复合正极活性材料的电化学电池以及制造这种电化学电池的方法。 正活性材料可以具有非活性组分和活性组分。 非活性组分可以被活化并释放额外的锂离子，这可以抵消电化学电池中的一些不可逆的容量损失。 在某些实施方案中，基于活化材料的重量，活化释放具有至少约400mAh / g的骨架含量的锂离子。
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公开(公告)号：US07468120B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-23
申请号：US11121272
申请日：2005-05-02
CPC分类号： H01M8/124 , B01D53/326 , B01D2257/2027 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A process and apparatus for the electrolytic separation of fluorine from a mixture of gases is disclosed. Also described is the process and apparatus for the generation of fluorine from fluorine/fluoride containing solids, liquids or gases.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从气体混合物中电解氟分离氟的方法和装置。 还描述了用于从含氟/氟化物的固体，液体或气体产生氟的方法和装置。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120100438A1
公开(公告)日：2012-04-26
申请号：US13277620
申请日：2011-10-20
IPC分类号： H01M4/134 , C23F1/00 , H01M10/0569 , B05D5/12 , H01M2/16 , H01M4/1395
CPC分类号： H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/049 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1393 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/364 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/625 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/52 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2004/027 , H01M2220/30 , Y02E60/122
摘要： Provided are novel electrode material composite structures containing high capacity active materials formed into porous base structures. The structures also include shells that encapsulate these porous base structures. During lithiation of the active material, the shell mechanically constrains the porous base structure. The shell allows lithium ions to pass through but prevents electrolyte solvents from interacting with the encapsulated active material. In certain embodiments, the shell contains carbon, while the porous base structure contains silicon. Although silicon tends to swell during lithiation, the porosity of the base structure and/or void spaces inside the shell helps to accommodate this additional volume within the shell without breaking it or substantially increasing the overall size of the composite structure. This allows integration of the composite structures into various types of battery electrodes and cycling high capacity active materials without damaging the electrodes' internal structures and deteriorating cycling characteristics of batteries.
摘要翻译： 提供了包含形成多孔基底结构的高容量活性材料的新型电极材料复合结构。 结构还包括封装这些多孔基底结构的壳。 在活性物质的锂化期间，壳体机械地约束多孔基底结构。 壳体允许锂离子通过，但是防止电解质溶剂与包封的活性材料相互作用。 在某些实施方案中，壳包含碳，而多孔基底结构包含硅。 虽然硅在锂化期间趋向于膨胀，但是壳体内的基础结构和/或空隙空间的孔隙度有助于在壳体内容纳该附加体积而不破坏壳体或基本上增加复合结构体的整体尺寸。 这允许将复合结构集成到各种类型的电池电极中并循环高容量活性材料，而不损害电极的内部结构和劣化电池的循环特性。
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5.发明申请AUXILIARY ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS CONTAINING HIGH CAPACITY ACTIVE MATERIALS 审中-公开用于含有高容量活性材料的电化学电池的辅助电极公开(公告)号：US20120045670A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-23
申请号：US13245530
申请日：2011-09-26
申请人： Constantin I. Stefan , Rainer J. Fasching , Gregory Alan Roberts , Ryan Kottenstette , Song Han , Ghyrn E. Loveness
发明人： Constantin I. Stefan , Rainer J. Fasching , Gregory Alan Roberts , Ryan Kottenstette , Song Han , Ghyrn E. Loveness
IPC分类号： H01M10/48 , H01M10/00 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/0438 , H01M4/0421 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/75 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/0585 , H01M10/0587 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2004/025 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： Provided are novel electrochemical cells that include positive electrodes, negative electrodes containing high capacity active materials such as silicon, and auxiliary electrodes containing lithium. An auxiliary electrode is provided in the cell at least prior to its formation cycling and is used to supply lithium to the negative electrode. The auxiliary electrode may be then removed from the cell prior or after formation. The transfer of lithium to the negative electrode may be performed using a different electrolyte, a higher temperature, and/or a slower rate than during later operational cycling of the cell. After this transfer, the negative electrode may remain pre-lithiated during later cycling at least at a certain predetermined level. This pre-lithiation helps to cycle the cell at more optimal conditions and to some degree maintain this cycling performance over the operating life of the cell. Also provided are methods of fabricating such cells.
摘要翻译： 提供了新颖的电化学电池，其包括正电极，含有高容量活性材料如硅的负电极和含锂的辅助电极。 至少在其形成循环之前，在电池中提供辅助电极，并且用于向负极供应锂。 然后可以在形成之前或之后从辅助电极中除去辅助电极。 可以使用与电池的后续操作循环期间不同的电解质，更高的温度和/或更慢的速率来进行锂向负极的转移。 在该转移之后，负电极可以在稍后循环期间至少保持预先确定的水平保持预锂化。 该预锂化有助于在更优化的条件下循环电池，并在一定程度上保持电池的使用寿命中的循环性能。 还提供了制造这种电池的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20110111300A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-12
申请号：US12944576
申请日：2010-11-11
申请人： William S. DelHagen , Rainer J. Fasching , Ghyrn E. Loveness , Song Han , Eugene M. Berdichevsky , Constantin I. Stefan , Yi Cui , Mark C. Platshon
发明人： William S. DelHagen , Rainer J. Fasching , Ghyrn E. Loveness , Song Han , Eugene M. Berdichevsky , Constantin I. Stefan , Yi Cui , Mark C. Platshon
CPC分类号： H01M10/052 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/661
摘要： Provided are novel electrodes for use in lithium ion batteries. An electrode includes one or more intermediate layers positioned between a substrate and an electrochemically active material. Intermediate layers may be made from chromium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, nickel, molybdenum, lithium, as well as other materials and their combinations. An intermediate layer may protect the substrate, help to redistribute catalyst during deposition of the electrochemically active material, improve adhesion between the active material and substrate, and other purposes. In certain embodiments, an active material includes one or more high capacity active materials, such as silicon, tin, and germanium. These materials tend to swell during cycling and may loose mechanical and/or electrical connection to the substrate. A flexible intermediate layer may compensate for swelling and provide a robust adhesion interface. Provided also are novel methods of fabricating electrodes containing one or more intermediate layers.
摘要翻译： 提供用于锂离子电池的新型电极。 电极包括位于基底和电化学活性材料之间的一个或多个中间层。 中间层可以由铬，钛，钽，钨，镍，钼，锂以及其它材料及其组合制成。 中间层可以保护基底，有助于在电化学活性材料的沉积期间重新分布催化剂，改善活性材料和基底之间的粘附性以及其它目的。 在某些实施方案中，活性材料包括一种或多种高容量活性材料，例如硅，锡和锗。 这些材料在循环过程中倾向于膨胀，并可能导致与基底的机械和/或电连接。 柔性中间层可以补偿溶胀并提供牢固的粘合界面。 还提供了制造包含一个或多个中间层的电极的新方法。
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7.发明授权Composite structures containing high capacity porous active materials constrained in shells 有权含有大量能量多孔活性物质的复合结构受壳体约束公开(公告)号：US09209456B2
公开(公告)日：2015-12-08
申请号：US13277620
申请日：2011-10-20
IPC分类号： H01M4/36 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1393 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/62 , H01M10/052 , H01M4/02
CPC分类号： H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/049 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1393 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/364 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/625 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/52 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2004/027 , H01M2220/30 , Y02E60/122
摘要： Provided are novel electrode material composite structures containing high capacity active materials formed into porous base structures. The structures also include shells that encapsulate these porous base structures. During lithiation of the active material, the shell mechanically constrains the porous base structure. The shell allows lithium ions to pass through but prevents electrolyte solvents from interacting with the encapsulated active material. In certain embodiments, the shell contains carbon, while the porous base structure contains silicon. Although silicon tends to swell during lithiation, the porosity of the base structure and/or void spaces inside the shell helps to accommodate this additional volume within the shell without breaking it or substantially increasing the overall size of the composite structure. This allows integration of the composite structures into various types of battery electrodes and cycling high capacity active materials without damaging the electrodes' internal structures and deteriorating cycling characteristics of batteries.
摘要翻译： 提供了包含形成多孔基底结构的高容量活性材料的新型电极材料复合结构。 结构还包括封装这些多孔基底结构的壳。 在活性物质的锂化期间，壳体机械地约束多孔基底结构。 壳体允许锂离子通过，但是防止电解质溶剂与包封的活性材料相互作用。 在某些实施方案中，壳包含碳，而多孔基底结构包含硅。 虽然硅在锂化期间趋向于膨胀，但是壳体内的基础结构和/或空隙空间的孔隙度有助于在壳体内容纳该附加体积而不破坏壳体或基本上增加复合结构体的整体尺寸。 这允许将复合结构集成到各种类型的电池电极中并循环高容量活性材料，而不损害电极的内部结构和劣化电池的循环特性。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110287318A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：US13114413
申请日：2011-05-24
CPC分类号： H01M4/38 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/587 , H01M4/622 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/75 , H01M10/0525 , Y02E60/122 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： Provided are novel multidimensional electrode structures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells. These structures include main support structures and multiple nanowires attached to the support structures and extending into different directions away from these supports. The active material may be deposited as a layer (uniform or non-uniform) surrounding the nanowires and, in certain embodiments, the main supports and even substrate. The active material layer may be sufficiently thin to prevent pulverization of the layer at given operating conditions. Interconnections between the electrode structures and/or substrate may be provided by overlaps formed during deposition of the active layer. Silicide-based nano wires structures may be formed on the main supports in a fluidized bed reactor by suspending the metal-containing main supports in a silicon-containing process gas. A layer of silicon may be then deposited over these silicide nanowires.
摘要翻译： 提供了包含用于可再充电电化学电池的高容量活性材料的新颖的多维电极结构。 这些结构包括主支撑结构和附接到支撑结构并延伸到远离这些支撑的不同方向的多个纳米线。 活性材料可以作为围绕纳米线的层（均匀或不均匀）沉积，并且在某些实施方案中可以沉积在主载体和甚至基底上。 活性材料层可以足够薄以防止在给定操作条件下的层的粉碎。 可以通过在活性层的沉积期间形成的重叠来提供电极结构和/或衬底之间的互连。 可以通过将含金属的主载体悬浮在含硅工艺气体中，在流化床反应器中的主要载体上形成基于硅化物的纳米线结构。 然后可以在这些硅化物纳米线上沉积一层硅。
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公开(公告)号：US07670475B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US12334776
申请日：2008-12-15
IPC分类号： C25B1/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/124 , B01D53/326 , B01D2257/2027 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A process and apparatus for the electrolytic separation of fluorine from a mixture of gases is disclosed. Also described is the process and apparatus for the generation of fluorine from fluorine/fluoride containing solids, liquids or gases.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从气体混合物中电解氟分离氟的方法和装置。 还描述了用于从含氟/氟化物的固体，液体或气体产生氟的方法和装置。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09172088B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-27
申请号：US13114413
申请日：2011-05-24
IPC分类号： H01M4/04 , H01M4/58 , B05D5/12 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/62 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/75 , H01M4/587 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/38 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/587 , H01M4/622 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/75 , H01M10/0525 , Y02E60/122 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： Provided are novel multidimensional electrode structures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells. These structures include main support structures and multiple nanowires attached to the support structures and extending into different directions away from these supports. The active material may be deposited as a layer (uniform or non-uniform) surrounding the nanowires and, in certain embodiments, the main supports and even substrate. The active material layer may be sufficiently thin to prevent pulverization of the layer at given operating conditions. Interconnections between the electrode structures and/or substrate may be provided by overlaps formed during deposition of the active layer. Silicide-based nano wires structures may be formed on the main supports in a fluidized bed reactor by suspending the metal-containing main supports in a silicon-containing process gas. A layer of silicon may be then deposited over these silicide nanowires.
摘要翻译： 提供了包含用于可再充电电化学电池的高容量活性材料的新颖的多维电极结构。 这些结构包括主支撑结构和附接到支撑结构并延伸到远离这些支撑的不同方向的多个纳米线。 活性材料可以作为围绕纳米线的层（均匀或不均匀）沉积，并且在某些实施方案中可以沉积在主载体和甚至基底上。 活性材料层可以足够薄以防止在给定操作条件下的层的粉碎。 可以通过在活性层的沉积期间形成的重叠来提供电极结构和/或衬底之间的互连。 可以通过将含金属的主载体悬浮在含硅工艺气体中，在流化床反应器中的主要载体上形成基于硅化物的纳米线结构。 然后可以在这些硅化物纳米线上沉积一层硅。
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