摘要:
When a coolant temperature is abnormal and alcohol concentration of a main fuel detected by an alcohol concentration sensor is in a high concentration region, an auxiliary fuel supply is conducted. Thus, when the actual coolant temperature is in a low temperature region and an alcohol concentration of the main fuel is in a high concentration region, that is, when a volatility of the main fuel is not sufficient, the auxiliary fuel supply is certainly conducted. Furthermore, when the coolant temperature sensor is abnormal, the pseudo coolant temperature is set lower than the standard coolant temperature. A warming increase coefficient is computed by use of the pseudo coolant temperature. Thereby, the main fuel injection quantity is increased sufficiently when the actual coolant temperature is in a low temperature region and the alcohol concentration of the main fuel is in high concentration region.
摘要:
Provided is an anodic oxide processing method in which the generation of cracks is suppressed in an anodic oxide film formed on an aluminum alloy substrate surface, such as an inner wall of a vacuum chamber of a plasma processing device, and an anodic oxide film having low heat reflectivity and a high withstand voltage is formed with high efficiency. The method for forming an anodic oxide film involves forming the anodic oxide film on the surface of a JIS 6061 aluminum alloy substrate in a sulfuric acid solution or a mixed acid solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. The total voltage in the direction of the film thickness is at least 1650 V·μm for the entire film thickness of the anodic oxide film formed. In the method for forming an anodic oxide film in which the anodic oxide film from the boundary surface of the aluminum alloy substrate with the anodic oxide film to the surface of the anodic oxide film and the 25 μm position in the film thickness direction is formed at no more than the electrolysis voltage of 27 V, and the total voltage from the boundary surface to the 25 μm position in the film thickness direction is at least 820 V·μm and no more than 1000 V·μm, an anodic oxide film having a high withstand voltage can be formed to satisfy the heat reflectivity, crack density, processing time, and the desired standards.
摘要:
The aluminum alloy for anodic oxidation treatment directed to the present invention comprises as alloy elements 0.1 to 2.0% Mg, 0.1 to 2.0% Si, and 0.1 to 2.0% Mn, wherein each content of Fe, Cr, and Cu is limited to 0.03 mass % or less, and wherein the remainder is composed of Al and inevitable impurities. An aluminum alloy more excellent in the durability can be obtained by subjecting the aluminum alloy ingot having the above element composition to a homogenization treatment at a temperature of more than 550° C. to 600° C. or less. An aluminum alloy member can be obtained by forming an anodic oxidation coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
摘要:
To provide an aluminum alloy or aluminum member having an anodic oxide coating formed thereon, the coating having excellent resistance to gaseous corrosion and resistance to plasma and excellent adhesion, and a member for a vacuum apparatus formed of such an aluminum alloy or aluminum member having excellent corrosion resistance. Moreover, a member having a sufficient voltage resistance is provided to stably keep a plasma state in a process using plasma.The object is substantialized by providing the following: (1) An aluminum alloy or aluminum member, wherein the anodic oxide coating has impedance of at least 107Ω at a frequency of 10−2 Hz, and hardness of at least 400 in Vickers hardness (Hv); or (2) An aluminum alloy or aluminum member, wherein the anodic oxide coating has impedance of at least 108Ω at a frequency of 10−2 Hz, and hardness of at least 350 in Vickers hardness (Hv).
摘要:
A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine can compensate for a variation of intake pressure resulting from various factors whereby a failure detection area can be expanded, and false detection can be prevented to enable failure determination for an EGR system with high reliability. The apparatus determines whether a vehicle is decelerating, forcedly opens and closes an EGR valve, and determines whether an EGR control device is in failure by comparing a pressure change index value based on intake pressures upon the forced opening and closing of the EGR valve with a failure determination value. The apparatus adjusts the intake pressure to a predetermined state before the EGR valve is forcedly opened and closed, whereby a failure determination can be always made based on the intake pressure whose variation was compensated for with the intake pressure becoming a predetermined characteristic to the number of revolutions per minute of the engine.
摘要:
A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine can avoid an increase in harmful components in an exhaust gas even if a variable valve timing mechanism is controlled to be driven at the time of executing the correction of basic timing. The apparatus includes a variable valve timing mechanism for adjusting the opening and closing timing of an intake valve, a variable valve timing control device for driving and controlling the variable valve timing mechanism based on an operating state of an internal combustion engine, a rotation speed detection part for detecting an engine rotational speed, and an intake negative pressure detection part for detecting an intake negative pressure in an intake pipe. The variable valve timing control device includes a basic timing correction permission part, a target intake negative pressure setting part, an intake air amount adjustment part, a correction time driving control part, and a basic timing correction part.
摘要:
Illegal use of a playlist can be prevented. A laboratory generates a playlist and encodes the playlist with a public key. The encoded playlist is recorded in a DVD. When a user carries out reproduction using the playlist on a personal computer, the personal computer compares token information thereof and token information included in an access ticket issued by an access ticket issuing center according to the token information of the personal computer. The personal computer carries out the reproduction by decoding the playlist with the private key in the access ticket only in the case where the token information thereof agrees with the token information in the access ticket.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a vacuum chamber and chamber parts made of aluminum or its alloys which exhibit excellent corrosion resistance to a corrosive gas or plasma introduced into the vacuum chamber, the surface treatment, and material for the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber has a porous layer with a structure in which a pore diameter at the top thereof is small, while a pore diameter at the bottom thereof is large. In order to give such a structure to the porous layer, a final anodizing voltage is set to be higher than an initial anodizing voltage when the surface of the base material is anodized. After the porous-type anodizing is completed, non-porous type anodizing may be conducted so as to grow a barrier layer. Furthermore, the base material made of aluminum alloy preferably has particles such as precipitates and/or deposits with a diameter of 10 .mu.m or less in average, and the precipitates and/or deposits are arranged in parallel with a largest surface of the base material.
摘要:
An electrophotographic printer which can print an enlarged image which maintains the concentration of an original image and is superior in maintenance of a line width or a periodical pattern is disclosed. A controller successively outputs each two adjacent horizontal lines of an original image scanned vertically individually as picture element signals. An image enlargement circuit produces an insertion picture element signal indicating an average of the two picture element signals from the controller and outputs an enlargement picture element signal obtained by inserting the insertion picture element signal between the two picture element signals. An engine prints the original image but in an enlarged scale in accordance with the enlargement picture element signal received from the image enlargement circuit.
摘要:
A transmission line resonator includes a half-wavelength stepped-impedance resonator with two ends short-circuited to ground, and a capacitive element with one end connected to a center portion of the stepped-impedance resonator and the other end short-circuited to ground. The stepped-impedance resonator includes a first transmission line, a second transmission line, and a third transmission line. The second transmission line has a second line impedance and a second line length, with one end being connected to one end of the first transmission line and the other end being short-circuited to ground. The third transmission line has the second line impedance and the second line length, with one end being connected to the other end of the first transmission line and the other end being short-circuited to ground. The first line impedance is lowered in comparison with the second line impedance.