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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring multiple optical properties of biological specimens 失效用于测量生物样本的多种光学性质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5107422A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US583075
申请日：1990-09-14
CPC分类号： G01N15/147 , G06K9/00127
摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus and methods for generating multiparameter optical data that characterize a population of cells. The invention includes the steps of scanning the cell population with a beam to produce sets of digital data samples, each sample set of digital data representing multiparameter optical interactions from a specific location within the cell population; storing the digital data, e.g., in a computer memory; locating a cell within the population, e.g., by comparing the digital data to a preselected threshold value; defining a neighborhood around the digital data representing the located cell; estimating a background level for the neighborhood based upon digital data corresponding to locations outside the neighborhood; and correcting each of the samples corresponding to the neighborhood with the estimated neighborhood background level to generate the optical data. The invention further relates to specific methods of background correction and data calibration as well as specific sampling features to enable precise estimates of multiple cellular constituents or other cell properties at high rates of speed.
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2.发明授权Methods and apparatus for measuring multiple optical properties of biological specimens 失效用于测量生物样品的多种光学性质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5072382A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-10
申请号：US416031
申请日：1989-10-02
申请人： Louis A. Kamentsky
发明人： Louis A. Kamentsky
CPC分类号： G06K9/00127 , G01N15/147
摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus and methods for generating multiparameter optical data that characterize a population of cells. The invention includes the steps of scanning the cell population with a beam to produce sets of digital data samples, each sample set of digital data representing multiparameter optical interactions from a specific location within the cell population; storing the digital data, e.g., in a computer memory; locating a cell within the population, e.g., by comparing the digital data to a preselected threshold value; defining a neighborhood around the digital data representing the located cell; estimating a background level for the neighborhood based upon digital data corresponding to locations outside the neighborhood; and correcting each of the samples corresponding to the neighborhood with the estimated neighborhood background level to generate the optical data. The invention further relates to specific methods of background correction and data calibration as well as specific sampling features to enable precise estimates of multiple cellular constituents or other cell properties at high rates of speed.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于产生表征单元格群的多参数光学数据的装置和方法。 本发明包括以波束扫描细胞群体以产生数字数据样本集的步骤，每个样本组的数字数据表示来自细胞群体内的特定位置的多参数光学相互作用; 将数字数据存储在计算机存储器中; 例如通过将数字数据与预选的阈值进行比较来定位群体内的小区; 围绕表示定位的单元的数字数据定义邻域; 基于对应于邻域外的位置的数字数据估计邻域的背景级别; 并用估计的邻域背景电平校正与邻域相对应的每个样本，以产生光学数据。 本发明还涉及背景校正和数据校准的具体方法以及具体的采样特征，以使得能够以高速率精确估计多个细胞组分或其它细胞特性。
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公开(公告)号：US5587833A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-24
申请号：US89243
申请日：1993-07-09
申请人： Louis A. Kamentsky
发明人： Louis A. Kamentsky
CPC分类号： G02B21/34 , G01N1/2813 , G02B21/00 , G02B21/26 , G01N2001/282
摘要： A computerized slide encoder for use with microscope analysis and pathological studies. The slide encoder is attached to the movable microscope stage, whereby x-y direction plane movement and location, is correlated to examination of an identified slide, with information marking and location being directly correspondingly written, at pre-defined times, on computer storage media, during the examination. Subsequent use of the computer-stored information, coupled with the slide encoder, in a slide re-examination, permits independent retrieval of such information and location on the slide. The computer storage media includes digitized vocal transcription of history of the slide made during the original examination. An embodiment of the slide encoder includes a computer mouse pen affixed to the stage of the microscope and a rolling surface, for the mouse pen, being affixed to the movable slide holder. Examination movement of the slide causes a corresponding movement of the rolling surface and the roller ball of the mouse pen. Alternatively, the control movement of the slide holder and microscope stage is directly linked to a computer bus for a direct, software controlled, recordation of slide examination and information location markings.
摘要翻译： 一种用于显微镜分析和病理学研究的电脑幻灯片编码器。 幻灯片编码器连接到可移动显微镜载物台，由此xy方向平面移动和位置与检测到的识别的幻灯片相关联，其中信息标记和位置在预定义的时间在计算机存储介质上直接相应地写入计算机存储介质上 考试。 随后使用计算机存储的信息（与幻灯片编码器一起）在幻灯片重新检查中，允许在幻灯片上独立地检索这样的信息和位置。 计算机存储介质包括在原始检查期间制作的幻灯片的历史的数字化声音转录。 滑动式编码器的一个实施例包括固定在显微镜台上的计算机鼠标笔和用于鼠标笔的滚动表面，固定在可动滑动架上。 滑块的检查运动导致滚动表面和鼠标笔的滚球的相应运动。 或者，滑架和显微镜台的控制运动直接连接到计算机总线，用于直接，软件控制，滑动检查和信息位置标记的记录。
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公开(公告)号：US5523207A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-04
申请号：US324265
申请日：1994-10-17
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6841 , Y10T436/143333
摘要： A method for the accurate counting of DNA probe spots in cell nuclei wherein anomalies caused by a two dimensional measurement of a three dimensional cell sample are eliminated from evaluation. DNA probe spots in cell nuclei which are counted by means of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) include cells wherein probe spots of different contoured cells are overlaid or are detected as being adjacent one another with resultant erroneous diagnostic results such as with cancer detection or prognosis. A gating fluorescent value is determined by clusters of fluorescence in regions of non-anomalous values of fluorescence determined by plotting peak fluorescent value against area. The loci of the non-anomalous peak values cluster in specifically definable regions whereby fluorescent values for cells which deviate from the gating fluorescent value, are discounted in the preparation of histograms or other diagnostic measurements.
摘要翻译： 一种用于准确计数细胞核中DNA探针斑点的方法，其中从三维细胞样品的二维测量引起的异常从评估中消除。 通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）计数的细胞核中的DNA探针斑点包括其中不同轮廓细胞的探针点被重叠或被检测为彼此相邻的细胞，导致错误诊断结果，例如癌症检测或预后 。 门控荧光值由通过绘制峰值荧光值与面积确定的荧光非异常值区域中的荧光簇确定。 非特异性峰值的位点集中在特定可定义区域，其中偏离门控荧光值的细胞的荧光值在制备直方图或其他诊断测量中被折扣。
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公开(公告)号：US4647531A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-03
申请号：US577448
申请日：1984-02-06
申请人： Louis A. Kamentsky
发明人： Louis A. Kamentsky
CPC分类号： G01N15/1468 , G01N15/1475 , Y10S436/813
摘要： A generalized cytometry instrument for measuring the kinetic properties of live cells. Cells are immobilized on a surface and their positions determined and stored in memory by a central control computer. The cells are subsequently illuminated and an optical interaction detected. By taking many measurements of many cells, each of whose position and respective data is stored permitting subsequent reexamination and determination of activity as a function of time, respectively; the kinetic properties of large populations of cells may be studied in the presence of a variety of stimulating environments. Such stimulations may arise from contact with various reagents, including antigens, mitogens and peptides as well as electrical and mechanical perturbations.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量活细胞动力学特性的通用细胞仪。 细胞被固定在表面上，并且它们的位置由中央控制计算机确定并存储在存储器中。 随后照射细胞并检测光学相互作用。 通过对许多单元进行许多测量，分别存储每个位置和各自的数据，以便随后重新检查和确定作为时间的函数的活动; 可以在各种刺激环境的存在下研究大量细胞群的动力学性质。 这种刺激可能来自于与各种试剂的接触，包括抗原，有丝分裂原和肽以及电和机械扰动。
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公开(公告)号：US3984307A
公开(公告)日：1976-10-05
申请号：US494627
申请日：1974-08-05
申请人： Louis A. Kamentsky , Isaac Klinger
发明人： Louis A. Kamentsky , Isaac Klinger
CPC分类号： G01N15/1459 , B07C5/342 , B07C5/36 , G01N2015/1075 , G01N2015/1486 , G01N2015/149 , Y10S209/906
摘要： Small particles to be sorted are entrained in a stream of fluid and particle differences are detected to control a sorter located downstream. The sorter is effective to switch the particle carrying fluid to one of two different paths determined by the particle differences to thereby accomplish the sort. A particle detector is positioned to detect the passage of particles through one of said paths in order to verify that the sorting operation has occurred.
摘要翻译： 要分选的小颗粒被夹带在流体流中，并且检测到颗粒差异以控制位于下游的分拣机。 分选机有效地将颗粒携带流体转换成由颗粒差异确定的两个不同路径之一，从而完成排序。 定位颗粒检测器以检测颗粒通过所述路径之一以便验证分选操作已经发生。
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公开(公告)号：US5885840A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US798488
申请日：1997-02-10
CPC分类号： G01N33/52 , G01N15/1475 , G01N2015/1006
摘要： A method for increasing the accuracy and the types of data measurements of laser scanned dye stained cells, in a single sample, by means of multiple assays, utilizing cell positions as a factor in merging data measurements. Change in lasers, use of different cell dye stains and different treating reagents provide additional data regarding cells of the sample and fixing of cell positions in the first assay permits merging of the data obtained in subsequent assays.
摘要翻译： 在单个样品中，通过多次测定，利用细胞位置作为合并数据测量的因素，增加激光扫描的染色染色细胞的数据测量的精度和类型的方法。 改变激光，使用不同的细胞染料污渍和不同的处理试剂提供关于样品细胞的另外的数据，并且在第一次测定中固定细胞位置允许合并后续测定中获得的数据。
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公开(公告)号：US5790308A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US777945
申请日：1996-12-23
申请人： Louis A. Kamentsky
发明人： Louis A. Kamentsky
CPC分类号： G06F19/366 , G01N1/2813 , G02B21/26 , G02B21/34 , G01N2001/282
摘要： A computerized slide encoder for use with microscope analysis and pathological studies is provided. The slide encoder is attached to the movable microscope stage, whereby x-y direction plane movement and location, is correlated to examination of an identified slide, with information marking and location being directly correspondingly written, at pre-defined times, on computer storage media, during the examination. Subsequent use of the computer-stored information, coupled with the slide encoder, in a slide re-examination, permits independent retrieval of such information and location on the slide. The computer storage media includes digitized vocal transcription of history of the slide made during the original examination. An embodiment of the slide encoder includes a computer mouse pen affixed to the stage of the microscope and a rolling surface, for the mouse pen, being affixed to the movable slide holder. Examination movement of the slide causes a corresponding movement of the rolling surface and the roller ball of the mouse pen. Alternatively, the control movement of the slide holder and microscope stage is directly linked to a computer bus for a direct, software controlled, recordation of slide examination and information location markings.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于显微镜分析和病理研究的计算机化幻灯片编码器。 幻灯片编码器连接到可移动显微镜载物台，由此xy方向平面移动和位置与检测到的识别的幻灯片相关联，其中信息标记和位置在预定义的时间在计算机存储介质上直接相应地写入计算机存储介质上 考试。 随后使用计算机存储的信息（与幻灯片编码器一起）在幻灯片重新检查中，允许在幻灯片上独立地检索这样的信息和位置。 计算机存储介质包括在原始检查期间制作的幻灯片的历史的数字化声音转录。 滑动式编码器的一个实施例包括固定在显微镜台上的计算机鼠标笔和用于鼠标笔的滚动表面，固定在可动滑动架上。 滑块的检查运动导致滚动表面和鼠标笔的滚球的相应运动。 或者，滑架和显微镜台的控制运动直接连接到计算机总线，用于直接，软件控制，滑动检查和信息位置标记的记录。
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公开(公告)号：US5793969A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US585183
申请日：1996-01-11
CPC分类号： G01N1/2813 , G02B21/26 , G02B21/34 , G06F19/321 , G06F19/366 , G01N2001/282
摘要： A network system for review and analysis of computer encoded microscope slides and specimens which were originally computer encoded from a microscope (attached via an encoder device to a local computer site), during an initial examination. The encoding includes parameters of viewing locations and events of interest on the slide, with such information being stored on a networked file server. The encoding also includes information regarding the manner in which the initial examination was conducted, for quality control purposes. The computer encoded information is retrievable at all remote locations of the network (either local or connected via modem) for supervisor review or for pathologist analysis. The network is further constituted by microscope sites having similar computer encoding devices attached thereto, which function, in this aspect, as computer terminals of the network. For enhanced analysis, the computer terminals have direct access to patient background information, e.g., such as from an HIS (hospital information system) for simultaneous slide analysis review in relation to the medical history of the patient. For diagnostic support, the computer terminals are networked with an on-line library of cell type images for comparison with the slide being examined. Slide diagnosis is either directly with the original slide on the microscope or with a scanned image of the slide stored in the network server or CD-ROM and retrieved on the computer terminal. The microscope is optionally motor driven, with computer control, to re-scan slides or slide images only at designated sites.
摘要翻译： 在初次检查期间，用于检查和分析计算机编码的显微镜载玻片和标本的网络系统，其最初由计算机从显微镜编码（通过编码器装置附接到本地计算机站点）进行编码。 编码包括在幻灯片上观看位置和感兴趣的事件的参数，其中这些信息被存储在联网的文件服务器上。 编码还包括关于进行初步检查的方式的信息，用于质量控制目的。 计算机编码的信息可以在网络的所有远程位置（本地或通过调制解调器连接）检索，以供主管审查或用于病理学家分析。 该网络由具有附接到其上的类似计算机编码装置的显微镜站点进一步构成，在该方面，其作为网络的计算机终端。 为了增强分析，计算机终端可以直接访问患者背景信息，例如来自HIS（医院信息系统），用于与病人的病史有关的同时幻灯片分析审查。 对于诊断支持，计算机终端与网络图像的网格库联网，以便与被检查的幻灯片进行比较。 幻灯片诊断直接与显微镜上的原始幻灯片或存储在网络服务器或CD-ROM中的幻灯片的扫描图像并在计算机终端上检索。 显微镜可选择由电机驱动，具有电脑控制功能，只能在指定的位置重新扫描幻灯片或幻灯片图像。
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公开(公告)号：US5427910A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US987679
申请日：1992-12-09
IPC分类号： G01N33/50 , C12N15/09 , C12Q1/68 , G01N33/566
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6841 , Y10S435/81
摘要： A method of characterizing the chromosomes in a sample of cells by fixing the cell sample on a substrate, contacting the cell sample with a nucleic acid probe having a detectable label under conditions that allow the probe to hybridize preferentially to a chromosome in the cells to form a hybridized complex, optically detecting each labeled complex in the sample, defining a predetermined number of neighboring labeled complexes as a group, generating a distance parameter based on the distance between the position of a group and the position of the next neighboring labeled complex, and comparing the distance parameter for each group to a standard distance value to characterize the chromosomes in the cells of the sample.
摘要翻译： 通过将细胞样品固定在底物上来表征细胞样品中的染色体的方法，使细胞样品与具有可检测标记的核酸探针在允许探针优先与细胞中的染色体杂交形成的条件下接触， 杂交的复合物，光学检测样品中的每个标记的复合物，将预定数量的相邻的标记复合物定义为一组，基于组的位置和下一个相邻的标记复合物的位置之间的距离产生距离参数，以及 将每组的距离参数与标准距离值进行比较，以表征样本细胞中的染色体。
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