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    OPCODE COUNTING FOR PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
    2.
    发明申请
    OPCODE COUNTING FOR PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 失效
    用于性能测量的操作码计数

    公开(公告)号：US20110172969A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-07-14

    申请号：US12688773

    申请日：2010-01-15

    申请人： Alan Gara ,  David L. Satterfield ,  Robert E. Walkup

    发明人： Alan Gara ,  David L. Satterfield ,  Robert E. Walkup

    IPC分类号： G06F15/00

    CPC分类号： G06F9/30021 ,  G06F9/3001 ,  G06F9/30018 ,  G06F9/30145 ,  G06F11/3024 ,  G06F11/3409 ,  G06F11/348 ,  G06F15/17362 ,  G06F15/17381 ,  G06F15/17393 ,  G06F2201/88 ,  H04L67/10

    摘要： Methods, systems and computer program products are disclosed for measuring a performance of a program running on a processing unit of a processing system. In one embodiment, the method comprises informing a logic unit of each instruction in the program that is executed by the processing unit, assigning a weight to each instruction, assigning the instructions to a plurality of groups, and analyzing the plurality of groups to measure one or more metrics. In one embodiment, each instruction includes an operating code portion, and the assigning includes assigning the instructions to the groups based on the operating code portions of the instructions. In an embodiment, each type of instruction is assigned to a respective one of the plurality of groups. These groups may be combined into a plurality of sets of the groups.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量在处理系统的处理单元上运行的程序的性能的方法，系统和计算机程序产品。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括通知处理单元执行的程序中的每个指令的逻辑单元，向每个指令分配权重，将指令分配给多个组，以及分析多个组以测量一个 或更多指标。 在一个实施例中，每个指令包括操作代码部分，并且分配包括基于指令的操作代码部分将指令分配给组。 在一个实施例中，每种类型的指令被分配给多个组中的相应一个组。 这些组可以组合成多个组的组。

    Optimizing layout of an application on a massively parallel supercomputer
    5.
    发明授权
    Optimizing layout of an application on a massively parallel supercomputer 失效
    在大型并行超级计算机上优化应用程序的布局

    公开(公告)号：US08117288B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-02-14

    申请号：US10963101

    申请日：2004-10-12

    申请人： Gyan V. Bhanot ,  Alan Gara ,  Philip Heidelberger ,  Eoin M. Lawless ,  James C. Sexton ,  Robert E. Walkup

    发明人： Gyan V. Bhanot ,  Alan Gara ,  Philip Heidelberger ,  Eoin M. Lawless ,  James C. Sexton ,  Robert E. Walkup

    IPC分类号： G06F15/177

    CPC分类号： G06F9/5066

    摘要： A general computer-implement method and apparatus to optimize problem layout on a massively parallel supercomputer is described. The method takes as input the communication matrix of an arbitrary problem in the form of an array whose entries C(i, j) are the amount to data communicated from domain i to domain j. Given C(i, j), first implement a heuristic map is implemented which attempts sequentially to map a domain and its communications neighbors either to the same supercomputer node or to near-neighbor nodes on the supercomputer torus while keeping the number of domains mapped to a supercomputer node constant (as much as possible). Next a Markov Chain of maps is generated from the initial map using Monte Carlo simulation with Free Energy (cost function) F=Σi,jC(i,j)H(i,j)− where H(i,j) is the smallest number of hops on the supercomputer torus between domain i and domain j. On the cases tested, found was that the method produces good mappings and has the potential to be used as a general layout optimization tool for parallel codes. At the moment, the serial code implemented to test the method is un-optimized so that computation time to find the optimum map can be several hours on a typical PC. For production implementation, good parallel code for our algorithm would be required which could itself be implemented on supercomputer.

    摘要翻译： 描述了在大型并行超级计算机上优化问题布局的通用计算机实现方法和装置。 该方法采用数组形式的任意问题的通信矩阵作为输入，其条目C（i，j）是从域i到域j传送的数据量。 给定C（i，j），首先实现启发式映射，其尝试顺序地将域及其通信邻居映射到超级计算机节点或超级计算机环面上的近邻节点，同时保持域的数量映射到 超级计算机节点常数（尽可能多）。 接下来，使用具有自由能的蒙特卡罗模拟（成本函数）F =＆Sgr; i，jC（i，j）H（i，j），从初始映射生成马尔科夫链映射。其中H（i，j） 域i和域j之间的超级计算机环面上的最小跳数。 在测试的情况下，发现该方法产生良好的映射，并且有可能被用作并行代码的通用布局优化工具。 此时，实现测试方法的序列号未优化，以便在典型的PC上找到最佳映射的计算时间可以为几个小时。 对于生产实现，将需要我们的算法的良好的并行代码，这本身可以在超级计算机上实现。

    Process for recovery of organotin esters from reaction mixtures containing the same and re-use of the recovered organotin compounds
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for recovery of organotin esters from reaction mixtures containing the same and re-use of the recovered organotin compounds 失效
    从含有该有机锡酯的反应混合物中回收有机锡酯的方法，并重新利用回收的有机锡化合物

    公开(公告)号：US5034551A

    公开(公告)日：1991-07-23

    申请号：US512690

    申请日：1990-04-23

    申请人： Nicholas M. Vernon ,  Robert E. Walkup

    发明人： Nicholas M. Vernon ,  Robert E. Walkup

    IPC分类号： C07F7/22 ,  C07H13/04 ,  C07H13/06 ,  C07H13/08

    CPC分类号： C07H13/04 ,  C07F7/2256 ,  C07H13/08

    摘要： A process which comprises extracting 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl) distannoxane from a mixture containing 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane, a sucrose-6-ester, and polar aprotic solvent, which process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting said mixture, in the presence of a small amount of water, with an organic solvent that is substantially immiscible with water to form thereby an extraction mixture, wherein the amount of water employed is sufficient to cause efficient partitioning of said 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane from a first phase comprising said polar aprotic solvent into second phase comprising said organic solvent;(b) agitating the extraction mixture for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to form thereby a two-phase mixture wherein the preponderance of the 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocabyl)distannoxane in the extraction mixture is contained in said second phase and essentially all of the sucrose-6-ester in the extraction mixture is contained in said first phase; and(c) separating said first phase from said second phase.

    Sucrose-6-ester chlorination
    7.
    发明授权
    Sucrose-6-ester chlorination 失效
    蔗糖-6-酯氯化

    公开(公告)号：US4980463A

    公开(公告)日：1990-12-25

    申请号：US382147

    申请日：1989-07-18

    申请人： Robert E. Walkup ,  Juan L. Navia ,  Nicholas M. Vernon

    发明人： Robert E. Walkup ,  Juan L. Navia ,  Nicholas M. Vernon

    IPC分类号： C07H5/02 ,  C07H13/06 ,  C07H13/08

    CPC分类号： C07H5/02

    摘要： A process for the chlorination of sucrose-6-esters to produce 6',4,1'-trichlorosucrose-6-esters which comprises the steps of:(a) adding at least seven molar equivalents of an acid chloride to a reaction mixture containing a sucrose-6-ester and a tertiary amide to form initially a chloroformiminium chloride salt which subsequently forms a complex with the hydroxyl groups of the sucrose-6-ester;(b) subjecting the reaction mixture product of step (a) to an elevated temperature not higher than about 85.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to produce a mixture of chlorinated sucrose-6-ester products consisting essentially of 6'-chlorosucrose-6-ester, 4,6'-dichlorosucrose-6-ester, and 1',6'-dichlorosucrose-6-ester; and(c) subjecting the reaction mixture product of step (b) to an elevated temperature not higher than about 125.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to produce a chlorinated product consisting essentially of 1',4,6'-trichlorosucrose-6-ester.

    Recovery of sucralose intermediates
    8.
    发明授权
    Recovery of sucralose intermediates 失效
    三氯蔗糖中间体的回收

    公开(公告)号：US5530106A

    公开(公告)日：1996-06-25

    申请号：US368466

    申请日：1995-01-04

    申请人： Juan L. Navia ,  Robert E. Walkup ,  David S. Neiditch

    发明人： Juan L. Navia ,  Robert E. Walkup ,  David S. Neiditch

    IPC分类号： C07H13/04 ,  C07H13/08 ,  C07H13/00 ,  C07H13/06

    CPC分类号： C07H13/04 ,  C07H13/08

    摘要： There is disclosed a process for recovering sucralose-6-ester from a feed mixture of 6-O-acyl-4,1',6'-trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalactosucrose in a reaction medium comprising a tertiary amide (such as N,N-dimethylformamide), wherein said process comprises removing a major proportion of said tertiary amide by steam distillation. In preferred aspects of the invention, the steam distillation is followed by extraction and then purification by crystallization or crystal aging to recover sucralose-6-ester in good yield.

    摘要翻译： 公开了在含有叔酰胺的反应介质中从6-O-酰基-4,1'，6'-三氯-4,1'，6'-三脱氧半乳糖蔗糖的进料混合物中回收三氯蔗糖-6-酯的方法 （例如N，N-二甲基甲酰胺），其中所述方法包括通过蒸汽蒸馏除去主要比例的所述叔酰胺。 在本发明的优选方面，蒸汽蒸馏之后是提取，然后通过结晶或晶体老化纯化以良好的收率回收三氯半乳蔗糖-6-酯。