摘要:
Techniques are provided for system operation and performance management of electrochemical cells. Electrochemical cells using polybenzimidazole (PBI) proton exchange membranes may be used. In certain embodiments, performance enhancements are achieved through water management via anode and/or cathode humidification, and reactant air injection.
摘要:
Apparatus and operating methods are provided for integrated electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression systems. In one possible embodiment, an electrical connection is initiated between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell. Hydrogen is ionized at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode. The protons are reacted with oxygen at the cathode to form water. The electrical connection between the anode and the cathode is removed, and a power supply is connected to the anode and cathode so that the anode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the cathode. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.
摘要:
A hydrogen reclamation system comprises a first hydrogen separator having an inlet and an outlet and a second hydrogen separator having an inlet and an outlet wherein an inlet gas stream having a first concentration of hydrogen gas enters said first hydrogen separator inlet and is processed into an outlet gas stream having a second concentration of hydrogen gas which exits said first hydrogen separator outlet and subsequent to exiting said first hydrogen separator outlet, said outlet gas stream enters said second hydrogen separator inlet and is processed into a second outlet gas stream having a third concentration of hydrogen gas which exits said second hydrogen separator outlet.
摘要:
The invention is a process for the preparation of coated nitride powder, comprising contacting one or more metal complex(es), organo-aluminum material, optionally one or more silicon compounds or mixtures thereof, with nitride powder under conditions such that coated nitride powder is formed. A metal complex is a metal-containing system which is soluble in a host liquid. The process of the invention is a process for making coated nitride powder and obtaining the desirable properties of coated nitride powder, while maintaining the desirable properties of the uncoated powder, such as good thermal conductivity, for use in electronic applications. In another aspect, the invention is a coated nitride powder which has the advantageous properties of the uncoated powder and is a desirable alternative to current nitride coatings.
摘要:
Carbothermally reduce a metal oxide to its corresponding metal nitride or metal carbide powder in a vertical gravity flow reactor by adding precursor pellets containing the metal oxide, a thermally decomposed binder material and carbon or a source of carbon directly to a heated reaction zone within the reactor. The pellets form a pellet bed, the top of which must be maintained within the heated reaction zone. The binder material is a blend of wheat and corn starches, optionally in conjunction with another binder such as melamine. The binder material thermally decomposes to a carbonaceous residue which functions both as an additional source of carbon and as a binder for the precursor pellets. The reactor may be modified by adding an internal vent line to remove volatile materials from the heated reaction zone before they have an opportunity to condense on internal reactor surfaces.
摘要:
In an electrolysis cell, a separator having a buried wire screen is disclosed. The screen is connected to a bias voltage source to repel unwanted ionic migration across the screen and hence the separator.
摘要:
A combination fuel cell and hydrogen or oxygen pump includes an electrochemical cell comprising an anode inlet for receiving fuel, an anode outlet for exhausting fuel, a cathode inlet for receiving oxidant, a cathode outlet for exhausting oxidant, and first and second electrical connectors. A controller is operable for applying an electrical load to the electrochemical cell for generating electricity, and for applying an electrical potential to the electrochemical cell for purifying hydrogen or purifying oxygen. Methods and infrastructure systems are also disclosed.
摘要:
A combination fuel cell and hydrogen or oxygen pump includes an electrochemical cell comprising an anode inlet for receiving fuel, an anode outlet for exhausting fuel, a cathode inlet for receiving oxidant, a cathode outlet for exhausting oxidant, and first and second electrical connectors. A controller is operable for applying an electrical load to the electrochemical cell for generating electricity, and for applying an electrical potential to the electrochemical cell for purifying hydrogen or purifying oxygen. Methods and infrastructure systems are also disclosed.
摘要:
Silicon carbide/silicon nitride composites are prepared by carbothermal reduction of crystalline silica powder, carbon powder and optionally crsytalline silicon nitride powder. The crystalline silicon carbide portion of the composite has a mean number diameter less than about 700 nanometers and contains nitrogen.
摘要:
An ion exchange membrane or ion exchange membrane/electrode assembly having increased efficiency in proton exchange processes as the result of membrane hydration processing comprising heating a hermetically sealed membrane or membrane/electrode assembly at elevated temperature and pressure so as to provide increased hydration levels of the membrane.