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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5606446A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-25
申请号：US542013
申请日：1995-10-12
IPC分类号： H04B10/142 , H04J14/00 , H04B10/12
CPC分类号： H04B10/61 , H04J14/002
摘要： Optical telecommunication systems using phase-compensation interferometry wherein receiver units have N interferometer configurations each with a unique path length difference that is identical to a path length difference in one of N interferometer configurations at the corresponding transmitter units. The transmitter and receiver units separately and individually use N+1 arms, one of which serves as a reference common to the other N arms that along with the common reference arm form the N interferometer configurations of the transmitter and receiver units. N phase modulators, one in each of the N paths of the transmission units, are used to apply a separate and individual telecommunication signal (payload) to the portion of the light in that path. These N separate payloads may be of the same or different protocols. These N separate payloads may have the same or different bit rate/second. These N separate payloads may be digital or analog. These N payloads may be individually and separately dropped out or inserted at a drop/insert site. These N separate payloads may be used to increase the capacity of a transmission path by a factor of up to N. These N separate payloads may be used to employ lower bit rate/second electrons to produce a higher bit rate/second payload where the increased in bit rate/second is a factor of up to N.
摘要翻译： 使用相位补偿干涉测量的光通信系统，其中接收机单元具有N个干涉仪配置，每个干涉仪配置具有与相应发射机单元中的N个干涉仪配置之一中的路径长度差相同的唯一路径长度差异。 发射器和接收器单元分别单独使用N + 1个臂，其中一个臂用作与其他N个臂共同的参考，与公共参考臂一起形成发射器和接收器单元的N个干涉仪配置。 使用N个相位调制器，每个传输单元的N个路径中的每一个，用于将单独的和单独的电信信号（有效载荷）应用于该路径中的光的部分。 这些N个单独的有效载荷可以是相同或不同的协议。 这N个分离的有效载荷可以具有相同或不同的比特率/秒。 这些N个独立的有效载荷可以是数字或模拟的。 这些N个有效载荷可以单独地和单独地丢弃或插入到一个落点/插入位置。 这些N个单独的有效负载可以用于将传输路径的容量增加到高达N倍。这些N个分离的有效载荷可以用于使用较低比特率/第二电子来产生更高的比特率/第二有效载荷，其中增加 以比特率/秒是一个高达N.
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公开(公告)号：US5249929A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US566931
申请日：1990-08-13
CPC分类号： G01N30/32 , F04B11/005 , F04B19/24 , F04B43/06 , F04B49/065 , A61M2206/22 , G01N2030/326
摘要： A liquid chromatographic method and apparatus is disclosed which employs an improved pump not requiring driven pistons or sliding seals. The pump comprises at least one length of tubing forming a chamber disposed between first and second check valves, controllable heating means to periodically heat liquid in said chamber effective to pump relatively low volumes of liquid from the chamber at relatively high pressures, means for measuring the pressure developed by the pump, and control means to increase and decrease the amount of heat imparted to the liquid to maintain the pump operation at a controlled pressure setpoint.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用不需要驱动活塞或滑动密封件的改进的泵的液相色谱方法和装置。 所述泵包括形成设置在第一和第二止回阀之间的腔室的至少一段管道，可控加热装置以周期性地加热所述腔室中的液体，以有效地在相对高的压力下泵送来自腔室的相对较小体积的液体， 由泵开发的压力以及控制装置来增加和减少施加到液体的热量，以将泵的操作保持在受控的压力设定点。
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公开(公告)号：US4868495A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US327359
申请日：1989-03-23
IPC分类号： G01R29/08 , G01R33/032
CPC分类号： G01R29/0885 , G01R33/0327
摘要： A single mode optical fiber is used to detect electrical currents or magnetic fields from a source to a high degree of accuracy. Phase modulation of an optical beam is used to determine the changes of physical properties of a magnetostrictive material which jackets the fiber or around which the fiber is wound. An electromagnetic field, such as that emanating from a high intensity field wire, is measured by the device which acts as a current transformer and meters peak-to-peak electric currents of approximately 10,000 amperes or more with accuracy exceeding 0.1%. The invention structure of the device provides advantages such as operation safety, EMI immune leads, low cost, light weight, and dielectric construction among others.
摘要翻译： 单模光纤用于从源极到高精度检测电流或磁场。 光束的相位调制用于确定夹套纤维或缠绕纤维的磁致伸缩材料的物理性质的变化。 电磁场，例如从高强度场线发出的电磁场，由用作电流互感器的装置测量，并测量精度超过0.1％的大约10,000安培或更高的峰 - 峰电流。 该装置的发明结构提供了诸如操作安全性，EMI免疫引线，低成本，重量轻和电介质结构等优点。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5473459A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-05
申请号：US160856
申请日：1993-12-03
申请人： Charles M. Davis
发明人： Charles M. Davis
IPC分类号： H04B10/142 , H04J14/00 , H04J14/08 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/548 , H04B10/67 , H04J14/08 , H04J14/002
摘要： Optical telecommunications systems use phase compensation interferometry wherein receiver units have interferometer configurations with path length differences identical to path length differences of arms in interferometer configurations at corresponding transmitter units. Faraday rotating mirrors are used to minimize sensitivity to polarization effects. A modified Michelson interferometer structure is used to provide optical signals which convert to electrical signals in a form allowing relatively easy demodulation. A demodulation circuit uses the property whereby two signals have a 90.degree. phase shift.
摘要翻译： 光通信系统使用相位补偿干涉测量，其中接收器单元具有干涉仪配置，其路径长度差异与相应发射机单元处的干涉仪配置中的臂的路径长度差异相同。 法拉第旋转镜用于最小化对极化效应的敏感性。 改进的迈克尔逊干涉仪结构用于提供以允许相对容易解调的形式转换成电信号的光信号。 解调电路使用两个信号具有90°相移的特性。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5284498A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US974414
申请日：1992-11-12
申请人： Charles M. Davis , Reijo Kuivalainen , Karukkampalayam M. Sellakumar , Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson , Juha Tiensuu
发明人： Charles M. Davis , Reijo Kuivalainen , Karukkampalayam M. Sellakumar , Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson , Juha Tiensuu
CPC分类号： B01D46/0068 , B01D46/0009 , B01D46/002 , B01D46/0043 , B01D46/2407 , B01D46/4263 , B01D2273/20
摘要： A filter assembly for high temperature gases, such as from a circulating fluidized bed reactor, mounts monolithic ceramic filter elements within an upright vessel so that as the hot gas flows from the top toward the bottom of the vessel the gas passes through the elements with the clean gas discharged through a side wall of the vessel. The particle discharge is provided at the bottom of the vessel. Filter supporting elements within the vessel are cooled by cooling fluid, and pulse cleaning elements are associated with each of the filter elements. Flow directing elements within the vessel typically define a generally conical or pyramidal shaped flow directing surface. The flow directing elements may be refractory material bodies, or funnel shaped thin elements (e.g. of metal capable of withstanding high temperature), and may be mounted so that small amounts of movement are possible to accommodate thermal contraction or expansion.
摘要翻译： 用于高温气体的过滤器组件，例如来自循环流化床反应器，将整体式陶瓷过滤器元件安装在直立容器内，使得当热气体从容器的顶部向底部流动时，气体通过该元件 通过容器侧壁排出的清洁气体。 颗粒放电设置在容器的底部。 容器内的过滤器支撑元件由冷却流体冷却，并且脉冲清洁元件与每个过滤器元件相关联。 容器内的导流元件通常限定一个大致圆锥形或锥形的流动导向表面。 导流元件可以是耐火材料体或漏斗形的薄元件（例如能耐受高温的金属），并且可以安装成使得少量的运动可以适应热收缩或膨胀。
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公开(公告)号：US4477723A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-16
申请号：US318094
申请日：1981-11-04
申请人： Edward F. Carome , Charles M. Davis
发明人： Edward F. Carome , Charles M. Davis
CPC分类号： G01R15/248 , G01R15/241 , G02F1/0134 , G02F1/2252
摘要： The invention relates to a technique for detecting electric fields by modulating the phase of an optical beam. A length of optical fiber is jacketed with or attached to piezoelectric material that is poled perpendicular to the length of the fiber. An electric field is applied across the piezoelectric element, i.e. in the direction of poling, resulting in a change in the element thickness and a change in the axial dimension, which, in turn, changes the length of the optical fiber. The change in fiber length is accompanied by a smaller change in the refractive index of the fiber. The result is a shift in the optical phase.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过调制光束的相位来检测电场的技术。 光纤的长度与垂直于纤维长度极化的压电材料夹套或连接。 在压电元件上施加电场，即在极化方向上，导致元件厚度的变化和轴向尺寸的变化，这又改变了光纤的长度。 纤维长度的变化伴随纤维的折射率变化较小。 结果是光学相位的偏移。
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7.发明授权Method of operating a fluidized bed reactor system, and system for cleaning gas cooler 失效操作流化床反应器系统的方法和用于清洁气体冷却器的系统
公开(公告)号：US5658359A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-19
申请号：US625078
申请日：1996-03-29
申请人： Eero Berg , Charles M. Davis , Jorma Nieminen , Juha Palonen
发明人： Eero Berg , Charles M. Davis , Jorma Nieminen , Juha Palonen
IPC分类号： C10J3/46 , B01J8/00 , B01J8/24 , B01J8/38 , C10J3/48 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/84 , F23C10/10 , F23J3/00 , C10J1/00
CPC分类号： B01J8/1809 , B01J8/0055 , B01J8/388 , C10J3/463 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/026 , F23C10/10 , F23J3/00 , B01J2208/00176 , B01J2208/00256 , B01J2208/00274 , B01J2208/00548 , C10J2300/0993 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/16 , C10J2300/1693 , C10J2300/1807
摘要： In a fluidized bed reactor system having a gas cooler, with cooling surfaces, downstream of a first cyclone separator, the cooling surfaces are cleaned by introducing sufficient concentration of bed particles into the gas during, or just prior to, cooling, so that the particles mechanically dislodge deposits from, and thereby clean, the cooling surfaces. The particles are then removed downstream of the cooler by a second separator, and the bed particles separated by the second separator may be returned to the fluidized bed reactor at or just before the cooler to again be used to effect cooling. Cleaning may be practiced in spaced time intervals only (e.g. periodically or intermittently), or continuously. Where practiced intermittently the efficiency of operation of the first separator may be diminished by introducing a fluid stream, or a solid object, into the vortex flow within the first separator, so that a sufficient number and size of particles pass through the first separator so as to effect cooler cleaning.
摘要翻译： 在具有气体冷却器，具有冷却表面的流化床反应器系统中，在第一旋风分离器的下游，通过在冷却期间或刚好在冷却之前将足够浓度的床颗粒引入气体中来清洁冷却表面，使得颗粒 机械地移除沉积物，从而清洁冷却表面。 然后通过第二分离器将颗粒除去在冷却器的下游，并且由第二分离器分离的床颗粒可以在冷却器处或刚好在冷却器之前返回到流化床反应器，以再次用于冷却。 可以仅以间隔时间间隔（例如，周期性地或间歇地）或连续地进行清洁。 在间歇地进行的情况下，可以通过将流体流或固体物质引入第一分离器内的涡流中来减少第一分离器的操作效率，使得足够数量和大小的颗粒通过第一分离器，以便 实现更冷清洁。
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公开(公告)号：US5318755A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US982696
申请日：1992-11-30
IPC分类号： B01D46/00 , B01D46/10 , B01D46/24 , B01D53/50 , B01D53/86 , B01D53/94 , F23J15/02 , B01D50/00
CPC分类号： B01D46/0023 , B01D46/2429 , B01D46/247 , B01D53/508 , B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8631 , B01D53/8656 , F23J15/02 , B01D2046/2433 , B01D2046/2437 , B01D2273/20 , B01D2275/30 , B01D46/2455
摘要： Hot flue or process gases are cleaned utilizing an apparatus containing a barrier filter module formed of a monolithic ceramic support structure coated with a thin porous ceramic layer having a pore size of about 0.04-0.5 microns, and a catalyst module formed of a support structure coated with catalyst. The hot flue gases may be associated with a fluidized bed boiler plant, such as a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Gases to be cleaned are passed through the barrier filter module into contact with the thin porous ceramic layer, and then through the catalyst module so that there is a catalytic reaction with the gas.
摘要翻译： 使用包含由涂覆有孔径为约0.04-0.5微米的薄多孔陶瓷层的整体式陶瓷支撑结构形成的阻挡过滤器模块的装置清洁热烟道或处理气体，以及由涂覆的支撑结构形成的催化剂模块 与催化剂。 热烟道气可以与流化床锅炉设备相关联，例如循环流化床反应器。 要清洁的气体通过阻挡过滤器模块与薄多孔陶瓷层接触，然后通过催化剂模块，使得与气体发生催化反应。
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公开(公告)号：US4868381A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US148582
申请日：1988-01-26
申请人： Charles M. Davis
发明人： Charles M. Davis
摘要： A single fiber optic optical sensor in one segment of a divided interferometer and a remote demodulation interferometer segment associated therewith.
摘要翻译： 分割干涉仪的一个段中的单个光纤光学传感器和与其相关联的远程解调干涉仪段。
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公开(公告)号：US4613752A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-23
申请号：US520247
申请日：1983-08-04
申请人： Charles M. Davis
发明人： Charles M. Davis
IPC分类号： G01P15/00 , G01P15/08 , G01P15/093 , G01P15/18 , G01V1/18
CPC分类号： G01V1/181 , G01P15/006 , G01P15/08 , G01P15/093 , G01P15/18
摘要： A force measuring device generally comprising a hollow, three-dimensional container defining interiorly thereof at least one chamber is disclosed. The device includes at least a pair of optical fiber coils with the length of the optical fiber on each of the coils being substantially equal. The pair of coils are mounted on opposite sides of a wall of the hollow container and there are means within the container normally exerting a force on the coil mounted within the container. The system also includes an optical interferometer having a pair of legs with means connecting each of the pair of coils in a leg of the interferometer. Radiant energy emitting means are provided for directing radiant energy into the legs of the interferometer and through the pair of coils and radiant energy detecting means are connected to the interferometer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种力测量装置，其通常包括在其内部至少限定一个室的空心三维容器。 该装置包括至少一对光纤线圈，其中每个线圈上的光纤的长度基本相等。 一对线圈安装在中空容器的壁的相对侧上，并且容器内的装置通常在安装在容器内的线圈上施加力。 该系统还包括一个光学干涉仪，该光学干涉仪具有一对腿部，其具有连接干涉仪腿部中的该对线圈中的每一个线圈的装置。 提供辐射能量发射装置用于将辐射能量引导到干涉仪的腿部并且通过一对线圈，辐射能量检测装置连接到干涉仪。
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