摘要:
A method for making a composite polyamide membrane comprising a porous support and a polyamide layer, including the steps of: i) applying a polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional acyl halide monomer to a surface of a porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a polyamide layer; and ii) exposing the thin film polyamide layer to nitrous acid; wherein the method is characterized by at least one of: conducting the interfacial polymerization of step i) in the presence of a subject amine compound, or applying a subject amine compound to the interfacially polymerized polyamide layer prior to step ii), wherein the subject amine compound is different from the polyfunctional acyl halide and polyfunctional amine monomers.
摘要:
A method for reducing bacterial contamination on a food surface. The method comprises applying to the food surface an organic acid and a methylcellulose. The methylcellulose has anhydroglucose units joined by 1-4 linkages wherein hydroxy groups of anhydroglucose units are substituted with methyl groups such that s23/s26 is 0.36 or less, wherein s23 is the molar fraction of anhydroglucose units wherein only the two hydroxy groups in the 2- and 3-positions of the anhydroglucose unit are substituted with methyl groups and wherein s26 is the molar fraction of anhydroglucose units wherein only the two hydroxy groups in the 2- and 6-positions of the anhydroglucose unit are substituted with methyl groups.
摘要:
A method for reducing bacterial contamination on a food surface. The method comprises applying to the food surface an N—C6-C18 acyl amino acid ester and a methylcellulose. The methylcellulose has anhydroglucose units joined by 1-4 linkages wherein hydroxy groups of anhydroglucose units are substituted with methyl groups such that s23/s26 is 0.36 or less, wherein s23 is the molar fraction of anhydroglucose units wherein only the two hydroxy groups in the 2- and 3-positions of the anhydroglucose unit are substituted with methyl groups and wherein s26 is the molar fraction of anhydroglucose units wherein only the two hydroxy groups in the 2- and 6-positions of the anhydroglucose unit are substituted with methyl groups.
摘要:
A method for separating hydrocarbons and naphthenic acid from an aqueous mixture containing the same by passing the mixture through a spiral wound element to produce a permeate stream and concentrate stream wherein the concentrate stream has a relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons than the permeate stream, wherein the spiral wound element includes a composite poly amide membrane comprising a porous support and a thin film poly amide layer, wherein the membrane is characterized by having: i) a NaCl rejection and a benzene tetra carboxylic acid rejection of at least 98% when tested with an aqueous solution containing 2000 ppm NaCl and 100 ppm benzene tetra carboxylic acid at 25° C., pH 8 and ImPa (150 psi); and ii) a dissociated carboxylate content of at least 0.3 moles/kg of polyamide at pH 9.5 as measured by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS).
摘要:
A method for making a composite polyamide membrane comprising a porous support and a thin film polyamide layer, wherein the method includes the steps of applying a polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional acyl halide monomer to a surface of a porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a thin film polyamide layer. The method is characterized by including a substituted benzamide monomer within the non-polar solution.
摘要:
A thin film composite membrane including a porous support and a thin film polyamide layer characterized by having a dissociated carboxylate content of at least 0.45 moles/kg at pH 9.5 and a method for making a composite polyamide applying a polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine-reactive monomer to a surface of the porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a thin film polyamide layer, wherein the method is characterized by the non-polar solution comprising at least 0.025 wt % of an acid compound including at least one carboxylic acid moiety and at least one amine-reactive moiety selected from acyl halide and anhydride.
摘要:
A method for increasing the solubility of a hydrocarbon compound comprising an aliphatic or arene moiety substituted with at least one acyl halide and at least one carboxylic acid functional group within a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the method includes the step of preparing a solution comprising: at least 80 v/v % of the hydrocarbon solvent, the hydrocarbon compound, and a tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound, wherein the concentration of the hydrocarbon compound is greater than its solubility limit within the solvent but less than its solubility limit in the solution and the hydrocarbon.
摘要:
A polymer comprising a sub-unit represented by Formula I: wherein: L is independently selected from at least one arylene group, and a multi-ring moiety, L′ is independently selected from L or is not present, A and A′ are not present or are independently selected from an isatin moiety with the proviso that at least one of A and A′ is selected from an isatin moiety.
摘要:
A composition is provided, comprising microcapsules, wherein said microcapsules comprise a core and an outer shell, wherein said core comprises one or more water-insoluble compound having melting point above 15° C., wherein said outer shell comprises one or more amino resin that is a reaction product of reactants comprising one or more polyamine and formaldehyde, and wherein said composition further comprises one or more formaldehyde scavenger, one or more reaction product of said amino resin with a formaldehyde scavenger, or a mixture thereof. Also provided is a method of making such a composition.
摘要:
A method for making a composite polyamide including the steps of: i) applying a polar solution comprising a polyfunctional amine monomer and a non-polar solution comprising a polyfunctional acyl halide monomer to a surface of a porous support and interfacially polymerizing the monomers to form a thin film polyamide layer; ii) treating the thin film polyamide layer with a polyfunctional arene compound; and iii) exposing the thin film polyamide layer to nitrous acid; wherein the non-polar solutions further comprises at least one of the following: (A) at least 50 vol % of a C5 to C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon and from 2 to 25 vol % of benzene or benzene substituted with one or more C1 to C6 alkyl groups; and (B) an acid-containing monomer comprising a C2-C20 hydrocarbon moiety substituted with at least one carboxylic acid functional group or salt thereof and at least one amine-reactive functional group.