公开(公告)号：US07074373B1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US09709616

申请日：2000-11-13

Applicant: David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

Inventor： David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  C01B3/48

CPC classification number: H01M8/0668 ,  B01B1/005 ,  B01J8/0257 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  B01J2208/0084 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/30 ,  B01J2219/30475 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0894 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1076 ,  C01B2203/84 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/13

Abstract: A thermally-integrated lower temperature water-gas shift reactor apparatus for converting carbon monoxide in the presence steam comprises a catalyst bed that is disposed within an outer region surrounding a waste heat recovery steam generator operating at a selected pressure corresponding to the optimum temperature for conducting the catalytic water-gas shift reaction and a process for useful recovery of the exothermic heat of reaction to generate steam that is used in a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock into useful gases such as hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 用于在存在蒸汽中转化一氧化碳的热集成低温水煤气变换反应器装置包括催化剂床，该催化剂床设置在围绕废热回收蒸汽发生器的外部区域中，所述废热回收蒸汽发生器以对应于用于导电的最佳温度的选定压力 催化水煤气变换反应和用于回收用于将烃原料转化为有用气体如氢气的方法中产生蒸汽的反应放热的有效回收方法。

公开(公告)号：US06835360B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US09977732

申请日：2001-10-15

Applicant: David W. Warren

Inventor： David W. Warren

IPC: B01J802

CPC classification number: B01J8/062 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J19/243 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2219/0286 ,  B01J2219/1944 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1223 ,  C01B2203/1235 ,  F23D14/14 ,  F23D2203/101 ,  F23D2203/105 ,  F23D2212/10 ,  F23D2212/201

Abstract: A compact endothermic catalytic reaction apparatus for converting hydrocarbon feedstock and methanol to useful gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprising a tubular endothermic catalytic reactor, a radiant combustion chamber and an annular convection section. Thus tubular endothermic catalytic reactor receives radiant energy from a metal fiber burner that is disposed within the radiant combustion chamber. Combustion products from the radiant chamber enter an annular convection section wherein heat is transferred by forced convection to the tubular endothermic catalytic reactor. The combination of radiant and convective heat transfer results in a compact design of high thermal efficiency.

Abstract translation: 用于将烃原料和甲醇转化为有用气体（例如氢气和一氧化碳）的紧凑型吸热催化反应设备，包括管状吸热催化反应器，辐射燃烧室和环形对流部分。 因此管状吸热催化反应器从设置在辐射燃烧室内的金属纤维燃烧器接收辐射能。 来自辐射室的燃烧产物进入环形对流部分，其中通过强制对流将热量传递到管状吸热催化反应器。 辐射和对流传热的结合导致了高热效率的紧凑设计。

公开(公告)号：US06544406B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-08

申请号：US08986449

申请日：1997-12-08

Applicant: David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

Inventor： David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

IPC: C10G916

CPC classification number: C10G9/16

Abstract: The formation of coke on metal surfaces exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by ion implantation of selected antifoulants into such metal surfaces; the antifoulants being chosen from a group of primary elements consisting of aluminum, silicon, and chromium, or combinations thereof, and a group of secondary elements consisting of calcium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, cesium, hafnium, yttrium and zirconium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract translation: 在热裂解过程中暴露于烃的金属表面上的焦炭的形成通过将选择的防污剂离子注入这种金属表面来减少; 防污剂选自由铝，硅和铬组成的一组主要元素或其组合，以及由钙，锂，钾，镁，铯，铪，钇和锆组成的一组次要元素，或其组合 。

公开(公告)号：US06585785B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-01

申请号：US09696575

申请日：2000-10-27

Applicant: David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

Inventor： David W. Warren ,  Michael B. Donahue

IPC: B01J800

CPC classification number: H01M8/0631 ,  B01J8/001 ,  B01J8/062 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0288 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/0827 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0883 ,  C01B2203/0894 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1047 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1076 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1294 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  C01B2203/1619 ,  C01B2203/1623 ,  C01B2203/1685 ,  C01B2203/169 ,  C01B2203/1695 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  Y02P20/128 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: A fuel processor apparatus comprising a catalytic tubular reactor is heated using an infrared radiant burner to provide the endothermic heat of reaction needed to reform a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam for the production of a hydrogen-rich gas stream. The hydrogen-rich gas stream is further purified using a sequence of catalytic steps that is fed to a fuel cell whereupon a portion of the hydrogen contained in the gas stream is consumed for the production of electricity by electrochemical reaction with oxygen. An unused portion of the purified hydrogen-rich gas stream exits the fuel cell stack and is combusted in the infrared radiant burner. A fuel cell control system rapidly responds to a variable fuel cell electric demand by adjusting the feed of hydrocarbon to the catalytic tubular reactor to maintain the surface temperature of the infrared radiant burner within defined limits.

Abstract translation: 包括催化管式反应器的燃料处理器装置使用红外辐射燃烧器加热，以提供改变烃和蒸汽混合物所需的反应吸热热，用于生产富氢气流。 富氢气流通过一系列催化步骤被进一步纯化，所述催化步骤被供给到燃料电池中，因此通过与氧的电化学反应来消耗气流中包含的一部分氢以产生电。 纯化的富氢气流的未使用部分离开燃料电池堆并在红外辐射燃烧器中燃烧。 燃料电池控制系统通过调节向催化管式反应器的烃进料来快速响应可变燃料电池的电需求，以将红外辐射燃烧器的表面温度保持在规定的限度内。

公开(公告)号：US5306481A

公开(公告)日：1994-04-26

申请号：US724156

申请日：1991-07-01

Applicant: Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

Inventor： Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

IPC: F23C10/18 ,  B01B1/00 ,  B01J8/18 ,  B01J8/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C10G35/00 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  D21C11/12 ,  F23C15/00 ,  F23G7/04 ,  C01B3/26

CPC classification number: F23C15/00 ,  B01B1/005 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  B01J8/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C02F11/004 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10K1/122 ,  C10K3/02 ,  D21C11/12 ,  D21C11/125 ,  B01J2208/00132 ,  B01J2208/00141 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0277 ,  C01B2203/04 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/045 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0827 ,  C01B2203/0833 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0877 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1247 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  C01B2203/80 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  C10J2300/1261 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1653 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/18 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P70/24 ,  Y02W10/30 ,  Y02W10/40 ,  Y10S423/03 ,  Y10S423/16

Abstract: Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being utilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Abstract translation: 将脉冲燃烧器的共振管浸入反应区中的固体颗粒床中，以提供从脉动燃烧气体到床的固体颗粒的间接热量。 通过流过床的气体或蒸气将床保持在搅拌状态。 将反应物材料引入搅拌床中，并以由稳定流动燃烧器的至少约两倍高的传热系数和从脉动燃烧器传播到反应区域的强烈的声压级引起的增强速率进行反应。 该装置例如可用于蒸汽重整重质烃并且气化碳质材料，包括生物质和黑液，以在相对低的温度下产生可燃气体，其中蒸汽用作床流化介质。 黑液气化，利用碳酸钠作为固体床，导致液体能量和化学成分回收，没有冶炼生产。

公开(公告)号：US06423279B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-23

申请号：US09687098

申请日：2000-10-16

Applicant: David W. Warren

Inventor： David W. Warren

IPC: B01J804

CPC classification number: B01J8/062 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J19/243 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/00495 ,  B01J2208/00504 ,  B01J2219/0286 ,  B01J2219/1944 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1223 ,  C01B2203/1235 ,  F23D14/14 ,  F23D2203/101 ,  F23D2203/105 ,  F23D2212/10 ,  F23D2212/201

Abstract: A compact endothermic catalytic reaction apparatus for converting hydrocarbon feedstock and methanol to useful gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprising a tubular endothermic catalytic reactor, a radiant combustion chamber and an annular convection section. Thus tubular endothermic catalytic reactor receives radiant energy from a metal fiber burner that is disposed within the radiant combustion chamber. Combustion products from the radiant chamber enter an annular convection section wherein heat is transferred by forced convection to the tubular endothermic catalytic reactor. The combination of radiant and convective heat transfer results in a compact design of high thermal efficiency.

Abstract translation: 用于将烃原料和甲醇转化为有用气体（例如氢气和一氧化碳）的紧凑型吸热催化反应设备，包括管状吸热催化反应器，辐射燃烧室和环形对流部分。 因此管状吸热催化反应器从设置在辐射燃烧室内的金属纤维燃烧器接收辐射能。 来自辐射室的燃烧产物进入环形对流部分，其中通过强制对流将热量传递到管状吸热催化反应器。 辐射和对流传热的结合导致了高热效率的紧凑设计。

公开(公告)号：US5637192A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US439456

申请日：1995-05-11

Applicant: Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

Inventor： Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

IPC: F23C10/18 ,  B01B1/00 ,  B01J8/18 ,  B01J8/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C10G35/00 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  D21C11/12 ,  F23C15/00 ,  F23G7/04

CPC classification number: F23C15/00 ,  B01B1/005 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  B01J8/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C02F11/004 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10K1/122 ,  C10K3/02 ,  D21C11/12 ,  D21C11/125 ,  B01J2208/00132 ,  B01J2208/00141 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0277 ,  C01B2203/04 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/045 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0827 ,  C01B2203/0833 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0877 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1247 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  C01B2203/80 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  C10J2300/1261 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1653 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/18 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P70/24 ,  Y02W10/30 ,  Y02W10/40 ,  Y10S423/03 ,  Y10S423/16

Abstract: Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being utilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Abstract translation: 将脉冲燃烧器的共振管浸入反应区中的固体颗粒床中，以提供从脉动燃烧气体到床的固体颗粒的间接热量。 通过流过床的气体或蒸气将床保持在搅拌状态。 将反应物材料引入搅拌床中，并以由稳定流动燃烧器的至少约两倍高的传热系数和从脉动燃烧器传播到反应区域的强烈的声压级引起的增强速率进行反应。 该装置例如可用于蒸汽重整重质烃并且气化碳质材料，包括生物质和黑液，以在相对低的温度下产生可燃气体，其中蒸汽用作床流化介质。 黑液气化，利用碳酸钠作为固体床，导致液体能量和化学成分回收，没有冶炼生产。

公开(公告)号：US5619806A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-15

申请号：US605519

申请日：1996-02-26

Applicant: David W. Warren

Inventor： David W. Warren

IPC: D21F5/00 ,  F26B3/18 ,  F26B13/10 ,  F26B3/00

CPC classification number: F26B3/18 ,  D21F5/005 ,  F26B13/105 ,  Y02P70/24 ,  Y02P70/40

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for high-intensity drying of fiber webs or sheets, such as newsprint, printing and writing papers, packaging paper, and paperboard or linerboard, as they are formed on a paper machine. The invention uses direct contact between the wet fiber web or sheet and various molten heat transfer fluids, such as liquified eutectic metal alloys, to impart heat at high rates over prolonged durations, in order to achieve ambient boiling of moisture contained within the web. The molten fluid contact process causes steam vapor to emanate from the web surface, without dilution by ambient air; and it is differentiated from the evaporative drying techniques of the prior industrial art, which depend on the uses of steam-heated cylinders to supply heat to the paper web surface, and ambient air to carry away moisture, which is evaporated from the web surface. Contact between the wet fiber web and the molten fluid can be accomplished either by submersing the web within a molten bath or by coating the surface of the web with the molten media. Because of the high interfacial surface tension between the molten media and the cellulose fiber comprising the paper web, the molten media does not appreciately stick to the paper after it is dried. Steam generated from the paper web is collected and condensed without dilution by ambient air to allow heat recovery at significantly higher temperature levels than attainable in evaporative dryers.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在造纸机上形成的纤维网或纸张（例如新闻纸，印刷和书写纸，包装纸，纸板或纸板）的高强度干燥的方法和装置。 本发明使用湿纤维幅材或片材与各种熔融传热流体（例如液化的共晶金属合金）之间的直接接触，以在较长的持续时间内以高速率传递热量，以便实现网状物中包含的水分的环境沸腾。 熔融流体接触过程导致蒸汽蒸汽从纸幅表面发出，而不会被环境空气稀释; 并且它与现有工业技术的蒸发干燥技术不同，这取决于蒸汽加热的气缸用于向纸幅表面供应热量，以及环境空气带走从纸幅表面蒸发的水分。 湿纤维网和熔融流体之间的接触可以通过将纤维网浸没在熔融浴中或通过用熔融介质涂布纤维网的表面来实现。 由于熔融介质和包含纸幅的纤维素纤维之间的界面表面张力高，熔融介质在干燥之后不会很好地粘在纸上。 从纸幅产生的蒸汽被收集和冷凝，而不被环境空气稀释，以允许在比蒸发干燥器中达到的温度水平高得多的热回收。

公开(公告)号：US5536488A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US385082

申请日：1995-02-07

Applicant: Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

Inventor： Momtaz N. Mansour ,  Kanda-Swamy Durai-Swamy ,  David W. Warren

IPC: B01B1/00 ,  B01J8/18 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C01B3/26

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  B01B1/005 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10K1/122 ,  C10K3/02 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0277 ,  C01B2203/04 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0833 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0877 ,  C01B2203/1017 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1247 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  C10J2300/1261 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1653 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E20/18

Abstract: Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being utilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Abstract translation: 将脉冲燃烧器的共振管浸入反应区中的固体颗粒床中，以提供从脉动燃烧气体到床的固体颗粒的间接热量。 通过流过床的气体或蒸气将床保持在搅拌状态。 将反应物材料引入搅拌床中，并以由稳定流动燃烧器的至少约两倍高的传热系数和从脉动燃烧器传播到反应区域的强烈的声压级引起的增强速率进行反应。 该装置例如可用于蒸汽重整重质烃并且气化碳质材料，包括生物质和黑液，以在相对低的温度下产生可燃气体，其中蒸汽用作床流化介质。 黑液气化，利用碳酸钠作为固体床，导致液体能量和化学成分回收，没有冶炼生产。

公开(公告)号：US5127728A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-07

申请号：US467063

申请日：1990-01-18

Applicant: David W. Warren ,  John A. Hackwell

Inventor： David W. Warren ,  John A. Hackwell

IPC: G01J3/14

CPC classification number: G01J3/14

Abstract: A device for the spectral dispersion of light suitable for use in a spectrographic mode with arrays of solid state photo-detectors. Light from an entrance aperture passes through a dispersing prism with two curved, refracting surfaces both operating near their aplanatic conjugates. After being reflected by a concave mirror located behind the prism, light returns through the prism in the opposite direction, the refractions at each face again being nearly aplanatic. Spectrally dispersed images of the entrance aperture are formed on a plane well separated from the entrance aperture and nearly normal to the incident light rays. Good image quality is maintained over a broad range of operating wavelengths simultaneously, allowing large spectral intervals to be surveyed without moving any of the elements of the system.

Abstract translation: 适用于具有固态光电检测器阵列的光谱模式的光的光谱色散的装置。 来自入口孔的光通过具有两个弯曲的折射表面的分散棱镜，两个弯曲的折射表面在其均匀共轭体附近操作。 在被位于棱镜后面的凹面镜反射之后，光沿相反方向返回棱镜，每个面上的折射再次几乎是平行的。 入射孔的光谱分散图像形成在与入射孔很好分离并几乎垂直于入射光线的平面上。 同时在宽范围的工作波长下保持良好的图像质量，允许在不移动系统的任何元件的情况下对大的光谱间隔进行测量。